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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and most patients with HCC are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Before 2017, tyrosine kinase inhibitors were the main drugs for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. With the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunotherapy has gradually brought new hope to such patients. At present, the combination of ICIs and other systemic or local treatments has become a potential strategy for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and some of these combinations have been included in large-scale clinical trials. The main challenges of immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma include the exploration of predictive biomarkers, management of immune-related adverse events, and exploration of effective combination regimens. This article provides the latest research progress on the single or combined use of ICIs and other immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and discusses the limitations of current research and clinical application and the future development direction.
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Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of sedentary interval on body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion among obese students.@*Methods@#Eighty obese female college students from first and second grades were randomly assigned into three groups, the control group ( n =28), experimental group A ( n =26), and experimental group B ( n =26), between September and November 2022. The participants received appropriate dietary guidance, a 90-minute optional physical education course was offered to control group once a week, on the basis of the control group, experimental group A performed 5-minute-intermittent brisk walking (6 km/h) during each break. Experimental group B performed 5-minute-intermittent brisk walking (6 km/h) during each break for the first 4 weeks, then changed to 4-minute-brisk walking (6 km/h) and 1-minute-rope skipping (60 skips/min) during each break for weeks 5-8, and changed to 4-minute-brisk walking (6 km/h) and 1-minute-rope skipping (80 skips/min) during each break for 9-12 weeks. The intervention was performed 10 times per day, with the interruption time and frequency on weekends remaining the same. Body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), waist hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat index (VFI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured before and after the experiment.@*Results@#After 12 weeks intervention, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids in control group ( P >0.05), BMI, BFR, VFI and TG in Group A were lower than those before intervention ( t=3.20, 2.80, 8.19, 2.21, P <0.05), BMI, BFR, WHR, VFI, TG, TC, LDL-C were lower and HDL-C in group B were higher than those before intervention ( t=6.27, 5.85, 10.82 , 19.91, 3.86, 3.29, 7.20, -4.93, P <0.01). There were significant differences in BMI, BFR, WHR, VFI and HDL-C among the three groups ( F=24.01, 23.77, 10.00, 15.28, 6.72, P <0.01), and the intervention effects of BMI, BFR and HDL-C in group B were better than those in group A and control group ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The intervention of brisk walking and rope skipping had a good effect on improving body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students. Schools should make good use of the time between classes and adopt short-time and high-intensity exercise intervention to improve the body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese students.
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Objective@#Exploring the relation between lifestyle, negative emotions and obesity of female college students,and to provide references for controlling obesity improving life style and promoting physical and mental health.@*Methods@#A random sample survey of 2 044 female college students in Henan Province was conducted using height and weight tester, body composition analyzer, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale and College Students’ Healthy Lifestyle Scale. SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The detection rates of recessive obesity, overweight and dominant obesity among female college students were 28.6%, 6.5% and 4.2% respectively. Exercise behavior, dietary nutrition behavior and stress management behavior of female college students’ lifestyle could predict the degree of obesity positively, and negative emotions could predict the degree of obesity positively( r =-0.23, -0.22, -0.21, 0.26, P <0.01). The proportion of negative emotions explained in the associations between exercise, dietary behavior and stress management with obesity was 22.1%, 25.9% and 42.5%, respectively, between the negative emotions of exercise behavior and obesity, dietary nutrition behavior and obesity, stress management behavior and obesity.@*Conclusion@#Negative emotions played an intermediary role between exercise behavior and obesity, dietary nutrition behavior and obesity, stress management behavior and obesity.