Percutaneous kyphoplasty assisted by three dimensional printing percutaneous guide plate for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To verify the safety of three dimensional printing percutaneous guide plate assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 60 patients with OVCFs treated by PKP from November 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 males and 36 females, aged from 72 to 86 years old with an average of (76.5±7.9) years. Routine percutaneous kyphoplasty was performed in 30 cases (conventional group) and three dimensional printing percutaneous guide plate assisted PKP was performed in 30 cases (guide plate group). Intraoperative pedicle puncture time (puncture needle to posterior vertebral body edge) and number of fluoroscopy, total operation time, total number of fluoroscopy, amount of bone cement injection, and complication (spinal canal leakage of bone cement) were observed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the anterior edge compression rate of the injured vertebra were compared before operation and 3 days after operation between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All 60 patients were successfully operated without complication of spinal canal leakage of bone cement. In the guide plate group, the pedicle puncture time was(10.23±3.15) min and the number of fluoroscopy was(4.77±1.07) times, the total operation time was (33.83±4.21) min, the total number of fluoroscopy was(12.27±2.61) times;and in the conventional group, the pedicle puncture time was (22.83±3.09) min and the number of fluoroscopy was (10.93±1.62) times, the total operation time was(44.33±3.57) min, the total number of fluoroscopy was(19.20±2.67) times. There were statistically significant differences in the pedicle puncture time, intraoperative number of fluoroscopy, the total operation time, and the total number of fluoroscopy between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in amount of bone cement injection between the two groups(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS and the anterior edge compression rate of the injured vertebra at 3 days after operation between two groups(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Three dimensional printing percutaneous guide plate assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty is safe and reliable, which can reduce the number of fluoroscopy, shorten the operation time, and decrease the radiation exposure of patients and medical staff, and conforms to the concept of precise orthopaedic management.

Clinical analysis of 5 cases of atypical neurobrucellosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of atypical neurobrucellosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging findings of five cases of atypical neurobrucellosis admitted to the People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from December 2020 to June 2021.Results:The age of the five cases ranged from four to sixty-nine years old, including three females and two males. Four cases had a clear history of sheep contact. Serum F1 antibody against brucellosis was positive in all five cases, serum tube agglutination test (SAT) was positive in three cases, lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed increased intracranial pressure in four cases, and bacterial smear and tuberculosis culture were negative in all of the five cases. After magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), two cases were found to have abnormal intracranial high signals, of which one case was abnormal in bilateral frontal parietal lobe and right temporal occipital lobe, showing long T1 and T2 signals and increased fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence(FLAIR) signal; and another case was abnormal in bilateral corona radiata, posterior limbs of internal capsule and bilateral cerebral peduncles, it showed continuous T2 and FLAIR slightly high signal intensity. One case had abnormal signal in the spinal cord, showing a small patch like long T2 signal on the right side of the spinal cord at the level of C2-3 discs. Electromyography was abnormal in one case. Among the five cases, two cases presented with brucellosis encephalitis, one case with brucellosis myelitis, one case with glossopharyngeal nerve damage caused by brucellosis, and one case with brucellosis cerebrospinal neuropathy. All five patients were treated with a combination of doxycycline, rifampicin and ceftriaxone, and three patients had a good prognosis.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of atypical neurobrucellosis are various. Clinicians should strengthen their understanding of the disease and reduce the chance of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Practice and thinking of dual-cycle management system for students majoring in clinical medicine (rural doctors) / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The cultivation of students majoring in clinical medicine (rural doctors) is an important measure to promote the health construction at the grassroots level in Xinjiang. The cultivation of talents in this profession is closely related to the educational management mode. In view of the problems in the management and training of rural doctors, this paper explores the improvement methods, aiming at constructing the dual-cycle management system (big cycle management system and small cycle management system) of clinical medicine (rural doctors) from the perspective of management. The big circulation management system is the main body, the small one is the key point of the college management, and the two circulation management systems promote each other, trying to construct the talent management and training system of the trinity of college education, graduation education and continuing medical education. With the support of this system and the advantages of the same counselor in cycle management of students in different grades and different periods, the communication between the counselor and the class teachers, students and students of all grades can be increased. In this way, counselors, class teachers and students of all grades can have a more intuitive and in-depth understanding of the curriculum and internship and employment situation of this specialty, and provide reference for improving the management education level of students majoring in clinical medicine (rural doctors).

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma patients with skeletal metastases at different sites / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients with skeletal metastasis.Methods:The clinical features of 336 newly treated HR-NB patients with skeletal metastases admitted to the Department of Medical Oncology of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2007 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis, and Log- Rank test was used for univariate prognosis analysis.The Cox model was used to analyze the multifactorial prognostic analysis. Results:A total of 336 HR-NB patients were recruited, involving 188 males and 148 females with the median age of onset of at 43 (4-148) months.Skeletal metastases affected the viscerocranium (89 cases, 26.5%), neurocranium (193 cases, 57.4%), vertebrae (298 cases, 88.7%), sternum and ribs (183 cases, 54.5%), pelvis (270 cases, 80.4%), upper limbs (182 cases, 54.2%) and lower limbs (240 cases, 71.4%). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were (30.4±2.7)% and (41.3±2.9)%, respectively.Univariate analysis showed a significantly lower 5-year OS rate in skeletal metastatic HR-NB patients with poor prognostic classification, the morphology of neuroblastoma (stroma-poor) and ganglioneuroblastoma (intermixed), high index of mitosis-karyorrhexis index, lactate dehydrogenase≥587 U/L, serum ferritin≥92 μg/L, MYCN amplification and 1p loss of heterozygosity, and metastases in the viscerocranium, neurocranium, vertebrae, sternum and ribs, pelvis, upper limbs and lower limbs (all P<0.05). The 5-year OS rate of HR-NB patients with all 7 regions of skeletal metastases was only (14.2±5.9)%, which was significantly lower than that in patients with a single region metastasis or multi-region metastases[(66.0±10.2)% vs.(43.6±3.4)%, χ2=45.722, P<0.05]. Cox multifactorial analysis showed that MYCN amplification ( HR=4.165, 95% CI: 2.356-7.363) and the viscerocranium metastasis ( HR=2.560, 95% CI: 1.519-4.315) were the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HR-NB patients with skeletal metastases (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The prognosis is extremely poor in HR-NB patients with multiple skeletal metastases at the initial diagnosis.The amplification of MYCN and the viscerocranium metastasis are the poor prognostic factors for HR-NB patients with skeletal metastases.

Efficacy of osteochondral fragment fixation using bioabsorbable pins for Hepple Ⅱ osteochondral lesions of the talus in adolescents / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of osteochondral fragment fixation using bioabsorbable pins for Hepple Ⅱ osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) in adolescents.Methods:Retrospective case analysis was used. The clinical data and follow-up results of 13 adolescent patients (13 feet) with Hepple Ⅱ OLT were all treated with osteochondral fragment fixation using bioabsorbable pins admitted to Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 6 females, with 13 right feet. The age was (14.85±2.23) years old, ranged from 12 to 18 years old. According to the American orthopedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 score before operation and at the last follow-up were used to evaluate the efficacy and function of the patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as mean ± standard deviation( ± s), and the comparison between groups was conducted using the t-test; The mearsurement data with skewness distribution were expressed by M( Q1, Q3), and rank-sum test was used for inter-group comparison. Results:Thirteen adolescent patients (13 feet) with Hepple Ⅱ OLT underwent surgery successfully and were followed up for (25.54±9.95) months. All wounds healed by first intention, and no complications such as wound infection and delayed healing occurred. Preoperative AOFAS ankle-posterior foot score, VAS and SF-36 score were 58.62±3.55, 7.00 (6.50, 8.00) and 68.38±4.81, respectively. At the last follow-up, the scores were 97.38±2.73, 1.00 (0.00, 1.00), 91.15±4.28, respectively, and the results were significantly improved at the last follow-up, with the difference between the two groups statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:Osteochondral fragment fixation using bioabsorbable pins which can promote cartilage repair, significantly improve symptoms, and achieve better clinical satisfaction with fewer complications, is a safe and effective surgical treatment option for Hepple Ⅱ OLT in adolescents with satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes.

The Regulation of Expression and Activity of Glucose Transporter 1 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) encoded by the solute carrier family 2 (SLC2) gene belong to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and are responsible for the transmembrane transport of glucose in the body. As the earliest discovered member of the GLUTs, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is mainly found in the blood-brain barrier and erythrocyte membrane, and plays an important role in maintaining stable blood glucose concentration and energy supply to the brain. The transmembrane transport capacity of GLUT1 is not only related to the gene expression of SLC2 A1 on the cellular membrane, but also to the transport kinetic regulation of GLUT1. Generally, SLC2 A1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels, and the transport kinetics regulation includes a series of GLUT1 inhibitors, such as intramembrane glycan-binding site inhibitor, extramembrane glycan-binding site inhibitor, adenosine-binding effect inhibitors and the highly selective inhibitor BAY-876. SLC2 A1 gene deletions and mutations can cause embryonic mortality and GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. In contrast, abnormally high SLC2 A1 expression is associated with various diabetic complications (e. g. diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy), neurocognitive impairment and tumorigenesis. In this paper, the structure, function, expression and activity regulation of GLUT1 and its relationship with diseases were reviewed to provide a reference for the GLUT1-related clinical research and drug development.

A consensus on the management of allergy in kindergartens and primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

EWSR1-SMAD3 positive fibroblastic tumor: a clinicopathological analysis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes and molecular genetics of EWSR1-SMAD3 positive fibroblastic tumor (ESFT) with an emphasis on differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinicopathological data, immunohistochemical profiles and molecular profiles of 3 ESFT cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2018 to 2021were analyzed. The related literature was also reviewed. Results: There were two males and one female. The patients were 24, 12 and 36 years old, respectively. All three tumors occurred in the subcutis of the foot with the disease duration of 6 months to 2 years. The tumors were presented with a slowly growing mass or nodule, accompanied with pain in 1 patient. The tumors ranged in size from 0.1 to 1.6 cm (mean, 1.0 cm). Microscopically, the tumors were located in the subcutaneous tissue with a nodular or plexiform growth pattern. They were composed of cellular fascicles of bland spindle cells with elongated nuclei and fine chromatin. One of the tumors infiltrated into adjacent adipose tissue. There was no nuclear atypia or mitotic activities. All three tumors showed prominent stromal hyalinization with zonal pattern present in one case. Focal punctate calcification was noted in two cases. The immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were diffusely positive for ERG and negative for CD31 and CD34, with Ki-67 index less than 2%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on the two tested cases identified EWSR1 gene rearrangement. The next generation sequencing analysis demonstrated EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion in all three cases. During the follow up, one patient developed local recurrence 24 months after the surgery. Conclusions: ESFT is a benign fibroblastic neoplasm and has a predilection for the foot, characterized by ERG immunoreactivity and EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion. Local recurrence might occur when incompletely excised. Familiarity with its clinicopathological features is helpful in distinguishing it from other spindle cell neoplasms that tend to occur at acral sites.

Clinical efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of an early triple dose regimen of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in cancer patients

INTRODUCTION@#Three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been recommended for cancer patients to reduce the risk of severe disease. Anti-neoplastic treatment, such as chemotherapy, may affect long-term vaccine immunogenicity.@*METHOD@#Patients with solid or haematological cancer were recruited from 2 hospitals between July 2021 and March 2022. Humoral response was evaluated using GenScript cPASS surrogate virus neutralisation assays. Clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records and national mandatory-reporting databases.@*RESULTS@#A total of 273 patients were recruited, with 40 having haematological malignancies and the rest solid tumours. Among the participants, 204 (74.7%) were receiving active cancer therapy, including 98 (35.9%) undergoing systemic chemotherapy and the rest targeted therapy or immunotherapy. All patients were seronegative at baseline. Seroconversion rates after receiving 1, 2 and 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination were 35.2%, 79.4% and 92.4%, respectively. After 3 doses, patients on active treatment for haematological malignancies had lower antibodies (57.3%±46.2) when compared to patients on immunotherapy (94.1%±9.56, P<0.05) and chemotherapy (92.8%±18.1, P<0.05). SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in 77 (28.2%) patients, of which 18 were severe. No patient receiving a third dose within 90 days of the second dose experienced severe infection.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrates the benefit of early administration of the third dose among cancer patients.

Screening and molecular identification of endophytic fungi promoting accumulation of flavonoids in callus of Scutellaria baicalensis / 中国中药杂志

To screen and identify the endophytic fungal strains that could promote the accumulation of flavonoids in the callus of Scutellaria baicalensis. Seventeen endophytic fungal strains from S. baicalensis were used to prepare mycelium elicitors and fermentation broth elicitors. Their effects on flavonoid accumulation in S. baicalensis callus were then determined. The results showed that the fermentation broth elicitors of two strains(CL79, CL105) promoted the accumulation of flavonoids. The fermentation broth elicitor of CL79 significantly promoted accumulation of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin, with the maximum levels increased by 37.8%, 40.4%, 44.7%, and 42.2%(vs. blank), respectively. Similarly, the fermentation broth elicitor of CL105 significantly promoted the accumulation of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin, with the maximum levels increased by 78.1%, 140.9%, 275.6%, and 208.5%(vs. blank), respectively. CL79 was identified as Alternaria alternata, and CL105 as Fusarium solani. The fermentation broth elicitors of A. alternata CL79 and F. solani CL105 were able to promote the flavonoid accumulation in the callus of S. baicalensis, which enriched the resources of endophytic fungi and provided candidate strains for the development of microbial fertili-zers for improving the quality of S. baicalensis.

Cardiac amyloidosis: pathological classification and clinical analysis of 48 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the histological features and clinical manifestations in different types of cardiac amyloidosis to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods: The histopathological features and clinical manifestations of 48 patients diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis by Congo red stain and electron microscopy through endomyocardial biopsy were collected in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2018 to December 2021. Immunohistochemical stains for immunoglobulin light chains (κ and λ) and transthyretin protein were carried out, and a review of literature was made. Results: The patients age ranged from 42 to 79 years (mean 56 years) and the male to female ratio was 1.1 to 1.0. The positive rate of endomyocardial biopsy was 97.9% (47/48), which was significantly higher than that of the abdominal wall fat (7/17). Congo red staining and electron microscopy were positive in 97.9% (47/48) and 93.5% (43/46), respectively. Immunohistochemical stains showed 32 cases (68.1%) were light chain type (AL-CA), including 31 cases of AL-λ type and 1 case of AL-κ type; 9 cases (19.1%) were transthyretin protein type (ATTR-CA); and 6 cases (12.8%) were not classified. There was no significant difference in the deposition pattern of amyloid between different types (P>0.05). Clinical data showed that ATTR-CA patients had less involvement of 2 or more organs and lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) than the other type patients (P<0.05). The left ventricular stroke volume and right ventricular ejection fraction of ATTR-CA patients were better than the other patients (P<0.05). Follow-up data of 45 patients was obtained, and the overall mean survival time was 15.6±2.0 months. Univariate survival analysis showed that ATTR-CA patients had a better prognosis, while cardiac amyloidosis patients with higher cardiac function grade, NT-proBNP >6 000 ng/L, and troponin T >70 ng/L had a worse prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate survival analysis showed that NT-proBNP and cardiac function grade were independent prognostic factors for cardiac amyloidosis patients. Conclusions: AL-λ is the most common type of cardiac amyloidosis in this group. Congo red staining combined with electron microscopy can significantly improve the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. The clinical manifestations and prognosis of each type are different and can be classified based on immunostaining profile. However, there are still a few cases that cannot be typed; hence mass spectrometry is recommended if feasible.

Cause of death of children with intraocular retinoblastoma in the Beijing Children's Hospital 2009-2017 / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe and analyze the clinical characteristics of children who died of intraocular retinoblastoma (RB).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. Fourteen children (23 eyes) with intraocular RB who died after receiving treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2009 to 2017 were included in the study. Among the children, there were 7 males (10 eyes) and 7 females (13 eyes); 5 had unilateral and 9 had bilateral tumor. Age were 17.2±15.5 months. All children underwent RetCam examination. RB was staged according to the international intraocular RB classify. Among the 23 eyes, 1 eye was in stage B, 2 eyes were in stage C, 12 eyes in stage D, and 8 eyes in stage E. Treatment methods included a systemic (vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin) chemotherapy (VEC chemotherapy), enucleation surgery, and vitrectomy. The basic conditions including age, time of diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, treatment and main causes of death were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 14 cases, the first symptom was leukemia in 12 cases, red eye in 1 case, and squintin in 1 case. Systemic VEC chemotherapy was used for 1-6 courses of treatment; 5 cases were enucleated, 3 cases underwent histopathological examination; 3 cases were treated with vitrectomy. Among the 3 cases who underwent histopathological examination, the sclera and optic nerve, optic nerve and optic disc were invasted respectively. Seven patients died of tumor metastasis and/or intracranial lesions (50.0%, 7/14); the median survival time was 19 months. Four patients died of treatment (28.6%, 4/14), including 3 patients died of chemotherapy-related side effects, and 1 died of organ failure after enucleation surgery (7.1%); the median survival time was 3.5 months. Early abandonment of treatment died in 3 cases (21.4%, 3/14); the median survival time was 15 months.Conclusion:Intracranial metastasis is the main cause of death in children with intraocular RB.

Morphology of dorsal medial talar neck osteophyte and its clinical significance: based on three-dimensional computed tomography / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To study the morphology of dorsal medial talar neck osteophyte (DMTNO) and its association with anteromedial ankle impingement syndrome (AAIS) using CT 3D reconstruction images.Methods:The present retrospective study included 23 patients with AAIS due to DMTNO (case group) and 23 patients with DMTNO but without AAIS (control group) who had been admitted from February 2019 to June 2021. Multi-slice CT data (DICOM) of DMTNO in both groups were collected and imported into Arigin 3D Pro 3D reconstruction software to reconstruct and observe the 3D morphology of DMTNO. The dorsal convex distance, medial convex distance and anterior convex distance of DMTNO were measured to find their association with AAIS.Results:In the case group, DMTNO clearly showed a flat polyhedral shape with a large base and a small top; in the control group, DMTNO showed various shapes that were different mainly in an irregular top but similar in a large, long and narrow base. The dorsal convex distance [(8.07±2.30) mm] and medial convex distance [(6.70±2.62) mm] in the case group were significantly larger than those in the control group [(3.59±1.10) mm and (1.98±0.93) mm] ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the anterior convex distance ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The DMTNO leading to AAIS shows a flat polyhedral shape with a large base and a small top. No correlation is found between the anterior convex and AAIS whereas the dorsal convex and medial convex of DMTNO may be closely associated with AAIS.

Mid-term effects of surgery for sub-acute injury to distal tibiofibular syndesmosis associated with ankle fracture / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the mid-term efficacy of surgery for sub-acute injury to distal tibiofibular syndesmosis associated with ankle fracture.Methods:From July 2014 to October 2019, 14 patients were treated at Foot & Ankle Section, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital for sub-acute injury to distal tibiofibular syndesmosis associated with ankle fracture.There were 11 males and 3 females, aged from 17 to 61 years (mean, 35.9 years).According to Danis-Weber classification, 6 cases were type B and 8 type C; according to Lauge-Hansen classification, 7 cases belonged to supination-external rotation, one to pronation-abduction, and 6 to pronation-external rotation (Maisonneuve fracture in 4).The syndesmosis injury was treated by fixation with distal tibiofibular screws in 11 cases, by Tightrope elastic fixation in one, by hybrid fixation with distal tibiofibular screws and Tightrope in one, and by distal tibiofibular fusion in one.Postoperative complications were recorded.Their visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores (AOFAS-AH) were compared between preoperation and the last follow-up.Results:The 14 patients were followed up for 24 to 85 months (mean, 46.8 months). Of the 9 patients whose distal tibiofibular screws had been removed (including one with hybrid fixation), wound infection occurred in one after removal of all the internal fixation, distal tibiofibular widening in 2, ankle degeneration in 5 and fibular nonunion in one. Of the other 3 patients whose distal tibiofibular screws had not been removed, screw breakage happened in 2, screw loosening in one and distal tibiofibular widening in one. The VAS scores were significantly improved from preoperative 6.8±0.9 to 1.4±1.3 at the last follow-up; the AOFAS-AH scores were increased significantly from preoperative 35.3±6.3 to 86.8±11.7 at the last follow-up (both P<0.001). According to AOFAS-AH scores, 8 cases were excellent, 4 good and 2 moderate. Conclusion:Surgery for sub-acute injury to distal tibiofibular syndesmosis associated with ankle fracture can restabilize the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and ankle joint, reduce pain and improve ankle function, leading to fine mid-term efficacy.

Analysis of clinical features and prognostic factors of neuroblastoma with bone metastasis in infants / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of neuroblastoma (NB) with bone metastasis in infants and the prognostic factors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients aged ≤12 months who were enrolled in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2010 to December 2019 and had imaging findings suggesting signs of distant bone metastasis.The control group was included NB children, aged ≤12 months, who were admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University during the same period, without signs of distant bone destruction.The clinical manifestations and auxiliary examinations of infants with bone metastasis were summarized, and the efficacy evaluation and survival analysis of infants with regular treatment and follow-up were conducted until December 31, 2020. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis was used for prognostic analysis, and Log Rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis. Results:There were 32 NB infants with bone metastases, involving 12 males (37.5%) and 20 females (62.5%), accounting for 16.0% (32/200 cases) of infants diagnosed with NB du-ring the same period.The median age of onset was 9 (4.5-12.0) months.The main primary site included the retroperitoneal and adrenal region in 24 cases(75.0%) and mediastinum in 3 cases (9.4%). Among the 32 cases, 14 cases (43.8%) had simple bone metastasis, 19 cases (59.4%) had distant lymph nodes, 18 cases (56.3%) had bone marrow, and 3 cases (9.4%) had intracranial and meningeal metastasis.Bone metastasis mainly occurred in the skull, with 11 cases of single bone metastases and the remaining with 2 or more bone metastases.Compared with 168 NB infants without bone metastasis, the prognosis of those with bone metastasis was significantly worse [3-year overall survival(OS) rate 97.6% vs.82.7%, P=0.001]. Univariate analysis showed that the prognosis of NB children with bone marrow metastasis, meningeal and intracranial metastasis, MYCN gene amplification, and high-risk group was poor (all P<0.05). Two patients returned to the local hospital for treatment after diagnosis.A total of 30 children were recruited for efficacy evaluation and prognostic analysis.Twenty-nine children underwent surgery, of which 6 cases received surgery before chemotherapy and 23 cases received surgery after chemotherapy.One case received chemotherapy only.The mean course of chemotherapy was 6.2 (4-13) times.One case was treated with radiotherapy, 1 case was treated with Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy, and 1 case was treated with stem cell transplantation.A total of 18 cases (62.1%) event-free survived, and 12 cases (40.0%) had a mean event at 7 (1.5-32.0) months.Among them, 7 cases survived and 5 cases died (16.7%). The expected 3-year event-free survival rate and OS rate were 57.1% and 82.7%, respectively. Conclusions:The most common sites of infant NB metastasis are bone and bone marrow, and the most common sites of bone metastasis are skull.Infants with bone metastasis had a worse prognosis than those without bone metastasis, and infants with bone and bone marrow metastasis had a worse prognosis than infants with single bone metastasis.

Three cases of mediastinal germ cell tumors and concurrent hematologic malignancy and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCTs) with concurrent hematologic malignancy (HM). The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 3 cases of HM associated with mediastinal GCTs treated in the Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Children′s Hospital from November 2014 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Meanwhile, relevant cases were searched in the PubMed and Wanfang database from their establishment to December 2019.Three male cases of HM associated with mediastinal GCTs aged from 12 to 16 years.The pathogenesis of mediastinal masses suggested teratoma or yolk sac tumor.All of them were treated with surgery and chemotherapy.Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) was diagnosed respectively at 5 months, 9 months and 31 months after initial GCTs in the 3 cases.Two patients died and 1 child survived at the last follow-up.A total of 135 cases of concurrent GCTs and HM (or leukemia) were reviewed in online databases, involving 127 cases (94.1%) with the mediastinal GCTs associated with HM and 8 cases(5.9%) with GCTs related HM from another original sites.One hundred and twenty-six cases (99.2%) were male and the median age of GCTs diagnosis was 22 (10-48) years.Fifty-three cases (41.7%) were teratoma and 94 cases (74.0%) were GCTs containing teratoma with or without yolk sac tumor.Among the types of HM, 72 cases (56.7%) were AML and 31 cases (24.4%) were AML-M7.The median interval between GCTs and HM was 3 (0-122) months.Forty-six cases (36.2%) presented 2 malignancies simultaneously.HM were diagnosed within 12 months of GCTs in 85 cases (66.9%). The survival data were known in 107 cases, involving 94 (87.9%) deaths and 13 (12.1%) survivors.The median survival time after diagnosis of HM was 2 (0-48) months.The tendency of HM must be highly concerned in adolescent male patients with primary mediastinal GCTs, especially those with yolk sac tumor or teratoma.Their prognoses are very poor.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an alternative treatment.

The role of MYCN and PHOX2B gene combined with plasma cell-free DNA detection in risk stratification and predicting the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of the MYCN gene, PHOX2B gene and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in risk stratification and predicting the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Methods:This was a prospective study involving 94 high-risk NB children admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2017 to December 2018.Relative levels of MYCN and PHOX2B and cfDNA at diagnosis, and 4 and 6 cycles of chemotherapy were detected, and their differences were compared by the Chi- square test.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to explore their prognostic potential in high-risk NB. Results:Among the 94 high-risk NB children, 14 cases (14.9%) had MYCN amplification, 76 cases (80.8%) had positive expression of PHOX2B and 56 cases (59.6%) had cfDNA level higher than 100 μg/L.The proportion of high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, ≥1 500 U/L) level in the MYCN gene amplification group (6/14 cases) was higher than that in the normal group (9/80 cases) ( P=0.009). The proportion of multi-site metastasis (54/76 cases) and high neuron specific enolase (NSE) level (NSE≥370 μg/L, 37/76 cases) in PHOX2B positive group were significantly higher than those in the negative group (5/14 cases, 2/14 cases) ( P=0.015, 0.020). The proportion of high LDH and high NSE in high cfDNA concentration (≥229.6 μg/L)group (13/37 cases, 28/37 cases) were significantly higher than those in low cfDNA concentration group (2/48 cases, 10/48 cases) (all P<0.001). With the decreased tumor burden during the treatment, the copy number of PHOX2B gene and cfDNA level were significantly lower than those at the initial diagnosis [0 (0-719.6) copies vs.1 723.5 (0-186 000.0) copies; 19.0 (1.1-225.5) μg/L vs.200.6 (8.0-5 247.4) μg/L, all P<0.001]. The 2-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of the MYCN gene amplification group was significantly lower than that of the normal group[(33.3±13.1)% vs.(58.5±7.1)%, P=0.020]. The 2-year EFS rate of PHOX2B positive group was significantly lower than that of the negative group[(47.9±7.1)% vs.(79.1±11.1)%, P=0.043]. EFS rate in high cfDNA concentration group was significantly lower than that in cfDNA low concentration group[(38.6±9.8)% vs.( 71.7±8.2)%, P=0.001]. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, EFS rate in the PHOX2B positive group was significantly lower than that in the negative group [(16.7±14.4)% vs.( 60.6±6.6)%, P=0.014]; which was significantly lower in the Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) positive group than that of the negative group[(35.2±11.7)% vs.(65.8±7.1)%, P=0.037]. The MYCN gene and cfDNA concentration were not correlated with the prognosis of high-risk NB.Survival analysis of the combination of PHOX2B and MYCN gene ( PHOX2B+ /MIBG + , PHOX2B+ or MIBG + , PHOX2B-/MIBG -) showed a significant difference in the survival among three groups[0 vs.(53.6±1.2)% vs.(65.5±7.4)%, P=0.003]. Conclusions:The MYCN and PHOX2B gene and cfDNA concentration are of significance in risk stratification and predicting the prognosis of high-risk NB.Compared with the MYCN gene and cfDNA concentration, the PHOX2B gene is more suitable for monitoring the curative effect of chemotherapy on high-risk NB.A combined analysis of PHOX2B gene and MIBG before treatment can be more accurate in evaluating the treatment effect and residual lesions.

Distribution of mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor in human, mouse and rat brain / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the distribution of mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) within the brain in human, mice and rats and the comparison across the species. Methods An immunohistochemical method was applied to investigate the expression of MANF and to compare the differences among species in the brain of human specimens ( n = 5) , mice ( n = 6) , and rats ( n = 6). Results The expression of MANF varied in different brain regions in human, mice and rats. In human, in the cortex, the expression of MANF was the highest among all brain regions. In the subcortical areas or the nucleus, brainstem and cerebellum expression level of MANF were relatively lower. The distribution of MANF in mouse and rat brain were slightly different from that in human brain, but generally consistent. Conclusion The distribution pattern of MANF is similar across the species, however, within a species, MANF expression levels varies in different brain regions.

Posterior ankle arthroscopic microfracture with platelet-rich plasma injection for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of posterior ankle arthroscopic microfracture with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection for the treatment of posterior osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on clinical data of 13 patients with posterior OLT admitted to Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from September 2019 to October 2020. There were 10 males and 3 females, aged 10-65 years [(38.2±15.9)years]. According to Hepple′s classification, four patients were with type II, three with type IV, and six with type V. According to Elias′ grid scheme, nine patients were in zone 7 and four patients in zone 9. The disease duration was 13-51 months [(26.2±11.4)months]. All patients underwent posterior ankle arthroscopic microfracture with PRP injection. The operation time was recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and ankle range of motion (ROM) were compared before operation and at 3 months and 1 year after operation. The magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score was used to evaluate the repair of cartilage injury at 1 year after operation. Complications were recorded.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-25 months [(15.7±3.7)months]. The operation time ranged from 50 to 90 minutes [(63.8±13.3)minutes]. The VAS improved from 3.0(3.0, 4.0)points before operation to 1.0(0, 2.0)points at 3 months after operation and 1.0(0,1.5)points at 1 year after operation; the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was improved from (66.1±11.8)points before operation to (84.8±9.5)points at 3 months after operation and (92.9±8.6)points at 1 year after operation; the ankle ROM was improved from (48.5±7.5)° before operation to (61.9±10.3)° at 3 months after operation and (65.4±11.8)° at 1 year after operation (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS at 3 months and 1 year after operation ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and ankle ROM at 3 months and 1 year after operation (all P<0.05). According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, the results were excellent in 11 patients, good in one, and fair in one, with the excellent and good rate of 92%. The MOCART score was 40-85 points [(70.4±14.2)points] at 1 year after operation. There was no postoperative necrosis, infection or neurovascular injury. Two patients had slight transient pain during rehabilitation training and were improved after non-surgical treatment. Conclusion:For posterior OLT, posterior ankle arthroscopic microfracture with PRP injection can effectively alleviate pain, improve ankle function and repair cartilage damage, with satisfactory short-term efficacy.

Arthroscopic modified Brostr?m procedure plus minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability combined with subtle cavus foot / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To evaluate the short-term outcome of arthroscopic modified Brostr?m procedure plus minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability combined with subtle cavus foot.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 12 patients suffering chronic lateral ankle instability combined with subtle cavus foot admitted to Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from November 2016 to November 2020, including 5 males and 7 females, aged 16-62 years [(40.3±15.1)years]. All patients were treated with arthroscopic modified Brostr?m procedure plus minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy. The calcaneal pitch angle, Meary′s angle and medial cuneiform height on the foot weight-bearing lateral view plus calcaneus valgus angle on the hindfoot long axial view were compared to evaluate the improvement of bony structure and foot alignment preoperatively and at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. At the same time, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the improvement of ankle function and pain. Postoperative complications were also observed and recorded.Results:All patients were followed up for 1-3 years [(1.6±0.6)years]. The calcaneal pitch angle was decreased from (24.6±5.3)° preoperatively to (22.5±4.9)° at postoperative 3 months and (22.3±5.0)° at postoperative 1 year; the Meary′s angle was decreased from 6.6°(5.2°,7.6°) preoperatively to 2.5°(0.5°,3.8°) at postoperative 3 months and 2.1°(0.5°,3.2°) at postoperative 1 year; the medial cuneiform height was decreased from (24.3±5.3)mm preoperatively to (22.3±4.8)mm at postoperative 3 months and (22.3±4.6)mm at postoperative 1 year; the calcaneus valgus angle was increased from -7.1°(-10.3°,-5.9°) preoperatively to 2.3°(-2.5°,4.5°) at postoperative 3 months and 2.4°(-1.6°,3.8°) at postoperative 1 year (all P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the calcaneal pitch angle, Meary′s angle, medial cuneiform height, and calcaneus valgus angle at postoperative 3 months and 1 year (all P>0.05). AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was increased from (66.8±8.7)points preoperatively to (81.0±5.9)points at postoperative 3 months and (88.6±3.6)points at postoperative 1 year (all P<0.01). According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, the results were excellent in four patients and good in eight patients at postoperative 1 year, with the excellent and good rate of 100%. VAS was decreased from 2.5(2.0,4.0)points preoperatively to 2.0(1.3,2.8)points at postoperative 3 months and 1.0(0,2.0)points at postoperative 1 year (all P<0.01). There were significant differences in the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and VAS at postoperative 3 months and 1 year (all P<0.05). Wound malunion was seen in one patient, and healed with a dress changing. All patients had no complications such as vascular or nerve injury. There was no recurrence of malformation or joint instability during 1-year follow-up. Conclusion:For chronic lateral ankle instability combined with subtle cavus foot, arthroscopic modified Brostr?m procedure plus minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy can stabilize ankle joint, correct hindfoot alignment, improve function and relieve pain.