Résumé
Metaphorical narrative, as a kind of image, has a remarkable effect on the research of children’s psychological intervention. It is an important way of human cognition of the world, and its essence is the cross-domain mapping between the source domain and the target domain. Taking intractable diseases in children as an example, this paper illustrated the importance of metaphorical narrative in children’s diseases narrative, life and health education, disease science popularization, diseases notification, as well as the treatment communication. This paper aimed to arouse more researchers’ attention to the metaphorical narrative, actively apply metaphorical narrative to clinical practice, guide disease subjects to eliminate fear, accept diseases, so as to achieve the doctor-patients’ vision fusion and positively cooperate with clinical treatment. Not only can an appropriate metaphor help people get out of psychological difficulties, but it can renew a healthy life story.
Résumé
Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods One hundred and thirty-five male adult SpragueDawley rats,weighing 230-280 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =45 each):sham operation group (S group),I/R group and ulinastatin group (group U).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 3.5 ml/kg.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 repeffusion.In U group,ulinastatin 100000 U/kg was injected immediately after beginning of reperfusion,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in S and I/R groups.The rats were sacrificed at 6,24 and 48 h of repeffusion and brains were removed for determination of infract volume (by TTC),brain water content and expression of AQP4 (by immunohistochemistry) in brain tissues.Results Compared with S group,the infarct volume and brain water content were significantly increased,and the expression of AQP4 was up-regulated at each time point in I/R and U groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the infarct volume and brain water content were significantly decreased,and the expression of AQP4 was down-regulated at each time point in U group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which ulinastatin mitigates focal cerebral I/R injury is related to down-regulation of AQP4 expression in brain tissues.
Résumé
Objective To investigate the effect of bumetanide pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion(I/R) injury in rats.Methods One hundred and five male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =35 each ):sham operation group(group S),focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and bumetanide pretreatment group (group B).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by occluding the fight middle cerebral artery with a nylon thread with a rounded tip which was inserted into internal carotid artery and advanced cranically until resistance was met in groups I/R and B.In group B bumetanide 30 mg/kg was injected iv at 10 min before ischemia.Neurologic function was assessed and scored-neurologic deficit scores (0 =no deficit,4 =unable to move).The animals were sacrificed at 3,24 and 48 h of reperfusion and their brains were immediately removed for determination of cerebral water content and expression of Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1).The infarct size was measured at 24 h of reperfusion.Results Focal cerebral I/R significantly increased neurelogic deficit scores,NKCC1 expression,cerebral water content and infarct size in group I/R as compared with group S.Bumetanide pretreatment significantly attenuated cerebral focal I/R-induced increase in neurologic deficit scores,NKCC1 expression and cerebral water content in group B as compared with group I/R.There was no significant difference in infarct size between groups I/R and B.Conclusion Bumetanide pretreatment can reduce focal cerebral I/R injury in rats,and down-regulation of NKCC1 expression is involved in the mechanism.