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Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver injury caused by various etiologies and a complex pathological change with the activation of hepatic stellate cells as the central link, and various signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of such complex lesions. It has the dual nature of repair and damage and may eventually progress to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the basic research on the cell signal transduction pathways associated with liver fibrosis, and some achievements have been made in the research on the treatment strategy of liver fibrosis. This article briefly reviews the cell signaling pathways associated with the development of liver fibrosis, including the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the TGF-signaling 1/Smad signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and the Notch signaling pathway, and also introduces the potential therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis at present.
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Objective To discuss pathological features of three cases of uterine primary NHL(non Hodgkin′s lymphoma).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 3 cases of NHL were collected.Immunohistochemical method was used to label the tumor cells.Their histological types were classified by the latest WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues,and then differential diagnosis with other uterus diseases was offered.Results Three cases were presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding or ejecting as the first symptom,which was easily misdiagnosed as common diseases of the uterus in preliminary clinical and pathological diagnosis.Histopathology of general uterus specimens demonstrated that case one expressed CD3,CD56,TiA-1 and so on,and detected EBV virus cells expression,which supported the diagnosis of NK/T cell lymphoma.Another two cases expressed B cell-specific markers(CD20) and so on,and these tumor cells volume was 3 times larger than that of lymphocyte.These tumor cells had high proliferation index and supported diffuse large B-cell lymphoma diagnosis.Conclusion The tumor cells are like lymphocytes.We infiltrate endometria and myometrium,which is difficult to identify from endometria stromal sarcoma and other tumors,and need to use immunohistochemistry(IHC) for definitive diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) recipe on the fenestration of capillarization in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). @*METHODS@#Ten Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with 0.46 g/kg FZHY powder by intragastric administration. Two hours later, a second gavage were given to the rats. The serum from rat heart at 1 hour after second gavage was collected (FZHY group, n=10). Another ten SD rats was administrated with distilled water through the same process and served as the control (control group, n=10). The serum from both groups were separately diluted with Dulbecco minimum essential medium (DMEM) for 10% and served as the culture medium for LSECs. At the different conditions, the vWF and CD31 expressions were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot, while the changes of LSECs fenestrae structure were observed under scanning electron microscopy. @*RESULTS@#1) Immunocytochemistry and Western blot showed that the vWF and CD31 protein levels were lower in LSECs in the FZHY group than those in the control group. The gray levels of vWF and CD31 protein were 0.548±0.020 and 0.262±0.010 in the FZHY group, and 0.845±0.090 and 0.383±0.010 in the control group respectively, with statistical significant difference (t=5.18, 9.61, both P<0.05). 2) The results from scanning electron microscopy showed that the fenestration of LSECs was closed and almost lost in the control group, but many fenestra appeared in the LSECs in the FZHY group. @*CONCLUSION@#FZHY recipe can suppress the expression of vWF and CD31, increase the fenestrae on the LSECs surface and reverse the capillarization of LSECs.