Protective effect of vitamin E [alpha tocopherol acetate] on diclofenac-induced nephrotoxicity in young albino rats

To determine the preventive role of Vitamin E on renal parenchyma after given of Diclofenac Sodium in young albino rats. Experimental study. This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy Baqai Medical University and Muhammad Medical College. Mirpurkhas from June 2011 to November 2011. 30 young albino rats were taken. They were divided into three groups: A, B and C. The animals in group-A given normal saline 10 ml/kg per day. Group-13 received diclofenac sodium 2 mg/kg per day and group-C receives diclofenac sodium 2mg/kg/day dissolved in distilled water with vitamin-E 2 mg/kg/day dissolved in olive oil administered half an hour before the diclofenac sodium by feeding tube per day for 2 weeks. On day 15 all animals were sacrificed with deep ether anesthesia. Their kidneys were removed, fixed in 10% formalin, Representative blocks were taken and embedded in liquid paraffin. For routine histological examination 5 pm thick section cut by niicrotome and stained with HandE, PAS and silver methenamine Renal histology was done under- light microscope to see the proximal and distal tubular diameter and count. No significant [PT0.05] changes were observed in the histopatholov of kidney tissues of the groups A and C rats. The group B significantly [P<0.001] affected the histopathology of kidney. It may be concluded that diciofenac sodium produces changes in kidne, which may be attributed to ischaemia induced by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis resulting in tubular necrosis in young albino rats simultaneous administration of vitamin-E partially protect the morphological and histological changes induced by diclofenac sodium

Histopathological audit of oral epithelial lesions

The objective of the study was to see the morphological pattern and frequency of oral epithelial lesions. All oral biopsies received in the Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, over a period of 5 years were reviewed and relevant special stains were performed. A total of 685 cases were reviewed. Five hundred twelve [75%] were found neoplastic and 173 [25%] were non neoplastic. Granuloma Pyogenicum was the commonest [65] non neoplastic lesions. In neoplastic lesions, 498 cases were epithelial while 14 cases were diagnosed as non-epithelial lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma was found to be commonest [412 cases] epithelial malignant neoplastic lesion. There was a single case of benign epithelial lesion[Papilloma]. The epithelial precursor lesions include 75[15%] cases of hyperplasia followed by 10[2%] showing mild dysplasia. Oral malignant epithelial lesions were common in 5th decade of life in males and 4th decade in females. In non epithelial lesions, commonest benign lesion was Hemangioma [8] followed by Neurofibroma [1], Neurolemmoma [1], Kaposi Sarcoma [1] and single case of Lymphoma. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant epithelial lesion. Granuloma pyogenicum was the commonest non neoplastic lesion of oral cavity

Incidence and management of rupture uterus in obstructed labour

Obstructed labour with ruptured uterus is a serious obstetrical complication with a high incidence of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to find out the incidence of uterine rupture particularly in the patients of obstructed labour [OL], foeto-maternal outcome of such patients, and its management. This two year descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit-I, at Muhammad Medical College Hospital from 1[st] January 2007 to 31[st] December 2008, on 40 diagnosed cases of OL. Patients were admitted through Casualty or were admitted in ward. Patients with previous caesarean section and myomectomy were excluded. Ruptured uterus was found in 8 out of 40 patients of obstructed labour, they were relatively elder and grand-multiparous. Mean age of the patients was 36.5 years, while parity ranged between 5 and 12. Only one [12.5%] patient was primigravida with mean gestational age of 39.15 weeks. Seven [87.5%] patients had abdominal pain and tenderness, 5 [62.5%] vaginal bleeding, and 2 [25%] had shock. All cases were immediately managed with fluid replacement, blood transfusion and surgery. Six [75%] cases were diagnosed as ruptured uterus on clinical features while 2 [25%] with incomplete rupture were diagnosed on caesarean section for obstructed labour. Foetal mortality rate was high [7, 87.5%]; 5 [62.5%] were fresh stillbirth and 2 [12.5%] died in nursery. Only 1 [12.5%] baby survived. There was 1 maternal death due to puerperal sepsis. The incidence of rupture uterus in obstructed labour was 20%. Immediate intervention is important factor for successful management of uterine rupture

Protective effect of vitamin E [a tocopherol acetate] on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in adult albino rats

To determine the preventive role of Vitamin E on renal parenchyma after given of gentamicin in adult albino rats. Experimental study. This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy Baqai Medical University and Muhammad Medical College, Mirpurkhas from June 2011 to November 2011. For this study, 30 adult albino rats were taken. They were divided into three groups ; A, B and C. The animals in group-A given normal saline 10 ml/kg/day intraperitoneal for 2 weeks. Group-B received gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal for 2 weeks and group-C receives gentamicin 100mg/kg/day intraperitoneal with vitamin-E 2 mg/kg/day orally for 2 weeks. On day 15 all animals were sacrificed with deep ether anesthesia. Their kidneys were removed, fixed in 10% formalin. Representative blocks were taken and embedded in liquid paraffin. For routine histological examination 5 micro m thick section cut by microtome and stained with H and E, PAS and silver methenamine. Renal histology was done under light microscope to see the proximal and distal tubular diameter and count. No significant [P>0.05] changes were observed in the histopathology of kidney tissues of the groups A and C rats. The group B significantly [P<0.001] affected the histopathology of kidney. It may be concluded that gentamicin produces changes in kidney, which may be attributed to ischaemia resulting in tubular necrosis in adult albino rats simultaneous administration of vitamin-E partially protect the morphological and histological changes induced by gentamicin

Clinical audit of stroke patients presenting at a teaching hospital

To determine the mode of presentation, etiology and outcome of patients with stroke. This retrospective one year study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients with stroke, in the Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical College Hospital [MMCH] Mirpurkhas from 1[st] August 2007 to 31[st] July 2008. All the information was collected from attendants of patients admitted in the intensive care unit for the management of stroke. Collected information was summarized for mode of presentation, etiology such as cerebral hemorrhage, infarction and subarachnoid haemorrhage with the help of computed tomography [CT] scan and outcome of patients with stroke. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS V 10.1 software Total 50 patients [30 males and 20 females] were studied. The average age at presentation was 59.5 years. The most common complains were unilateral weakness seen in 16 [32%] patients, loss of consciousness reported by 25 [50%] patients while fever with vomiting was observed in eight [16%] patients. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor found in 28 [56%] patients whereas 18 [36%] patients were smokers as well as diabetic. Cerebral hemorrhage was seen in 18 [36%] patients, whereas ischemia was responsible for 31[62%] patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in one [2%] patient only. Eighteen [36%] patients were discharged alive while the remaining 32 [46%] patients died due to fatal nature of disease. This study showed that the ischemia was the predominant cause of stroke in our patients. Mostly observed in older age group, hypertensive and smoker males. Morbidity and mortality was observed in those patients who reached hospital late. Further basic studies should be conducted for the prevention, early recognition and proper management of risk factors to reduce the incidence of disease and its fatal outcome

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in abruption placentae

To assess the proportion of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [DIC] in abruptio placentae and outcome of such patients with DIC. This Descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology [OBG] ward 8, unit -1 at Jinnah post Graduate Medical Centre [JPMC] Karachi from 1[st] January, 2001 to 31 December 2002. This study was carried out on 100 diagnosed cases of abruptio placentae; and its adverse effects were noted on haemostatic system. Patients who came through the Emergency Department of [OBG] or Main Emergency of JPMC with a history of ante partum hemorrhage was included in this study. Written consent was taken from patients for using information regarding history, clinical Examination and related investigations for the research purpose. DIC was found in seven out of 100 patients, they were relatively younger and Multiparous. Mean age was 27.5 years while parity ranged between Para 5-11 with mean gestational age of 33.14 weeks. Six [85.7%] patients had severe vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain and uterine tenderness. Coagulation profile and routine laboratory investigations revealed that all patients had raised fibrin degradation products, clotting, and prothrombin and activated thromboplastin time, while decreased serum fibrinogen, platelets and hemoglobin. All cases were immediately managed with fluid replacement and blood transfusion. Six [85.7%] cases were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery and only one [14.3%] case by caesarean section. Fetal mortality was high 6 [85.7%] all were fresh still birth while only one [14.3%] baby was alive. There was no maternal death. The proportion of DIC in abruptio placentae was found to be 7%. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment of abruptio placentae are important factors for successful therapy of DIC. Fetal mortality was directly proportional to amount of blood loss, initial level of maternal hemoglobin and gestational age. No maternal death occurred