Real physiological neuronal responses revealed by gramicidin perforated patch recording

In order to understand the phenomenon in a living cell correctly, it has been required to obtain intact responses from the cell membrane without disrupting the cytoplasmic circumstances. Gramicidin perforated patch configuration allows the electrical access to the whole cell with a minimal dialysis of cytoplasm and preventing the loss of native intracellular constituents, such as Cl-. Here, we would like to show the background of this method and the actual application of the gramicidin perforated patch recording mode on the dissociated neurons.