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Tear film hyperosmolarity plays a core role in the development of dry eye disease (DED) by mediating the disruption of ocular surface homeostasis and triggering inflammation in ocular surface epithelium. In this study, the mechanisms involving the hyperosmolar microenvironment, glycolysis mediating metabolic reprogramming, and pyroptosis were explored clinically, in vitro, and in vivo. Data from DED clinical samples indicated that the expression of glycolysis and pyroptosis-related genes, including PKM2 and GSDMD, was significantly upregulated and that the secretion of IL-1β significantly increased. In vitro, the indirect coculture of macrophages derived from THP-1 and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was used to discuss the interaction among cells. The hyperosmolar environment was found to greatly induce HCECs' metabolic reprogramming, which may be the primary cause of the subsequent inflammation in macrophages upon the activation of the related gene and protein expression. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) could inhibit the glycolysis of HCECs and subsequently suppress the pyroptosis of macrophages. In vivo, 2-DG showed potential efficacy in relieving DED activity and could significantly reduce the overexpression of genes and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis. In summary, our findings suggested that hyperosmolar-induced glycolytic reprogramming played an active role in promoting DED inflammation by mediating pyroptosis.
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Objective:To discuss the clinical results of treatment for congenital muscular torticollis with different injection points of botulinum toxin type A and traditional conservative method, and to expound the safety and effectiveness of this way.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2018, 60 cases aged from one month to six months with congenital muscular torticollis who visited the outpatient clinic of plastic surgery in Children＇s Hospital of Quanzhou, a teaching hospital of FuJian Medical University, and there were 38 males and 22 females. The treatment groups were divided into two groups according to random number method that were treated with botulinum toxin type A: the single point group was given one point injection, and the three-point group was injected with three points, while the control group was treated with traditional conservative treatment (mainly manual stretching exercises). The number of cases in each group was 20.Results:The differences of muscle thickness and muscle length were repeatedly measured at different time points in the same group and variance analysis conducted. The results showed that there were statistical significances among the two indicators at different time points in each group ( P<0.05). Least significant difference (LSD) was further adopted for pairwise comparison between indicators at different time points in each group and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the comparison of treatment effect of different groups after twelve months follow-up, the cure rate was 85% (17 cases) in the single point group, 95 % (19 cases) in the three-point group, and 80 % (16 cases) in the control group, there was no significant difference among three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Local injection of botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment option for congenital muscular torticollis, which can achieve the same clinical effect as traditional conservative treatment.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety ofHongteng Chang'an Decoction in treating mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) cases.Methods Totally 120 patients of mild or moderate UC were randomly divided into two groups:TCM group of 60 patients, treated by self-madeHongteng Chang'an Decoction;Western medicine group of 60 patients, treated by mesalazine orally. The treatment course of both groups was 6 weeks, also with two-week follow-up. The ESR and CRP levels before and after treatment, the healing of colonic mucosa under endoscopy (according to the Baron score), the clinical efficacy and safety were analyzed statistically.Results CRP of both groups decreased significantly, with obvious statistical significance (P0.05). The effects of healing of colonic mucosa under endoscopy of TCM group and Western medicine group were 61.37% (27/44) and 64.29% (27/42), respectively, without obvious statistical significance (P>0.05). The total effective rates of TCM group and Western medicine group were 86.7% (52/60) and 75.0% (45/60), respectively, and the TCM group was superior to the Western medicine group (P<0.05).ConclusionHongteng Chang'an Decoction can reduce the serum level of CRP of the mild and moderate UC patients effectively, relieve inflammation, and promote the healing of colonic mucosa. The treatment of mild and moderate ulcerative colitis byHongteng Chang'an Decoction has good clinical efficacy, without toxic side effects.