Effects of puerarin on maternal gestational diabetes mellitus rats and fetal growth / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effects of oral puerarin (Pue) on the maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats and its fetal growth and development, so as to provide references for the application of Pue in the treatment of GDM. Methods The GDM rat model was established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into the tail vein of pregnant female rats, and the rats were treated with Pue orally for 12 days; the body weight and abortion of pregnant rats were recorded. The fasting blood glucose of pregnant rats was detected before and at the end of the treatment, and the glucose tolerance was tested on the 5th and 10th days after the administration of the drug. The cesarean sections were carried out on the 20th day of pregnancy. The blood glucose content of the fetal rats was detected, and the state of development was observed. The body weight and length were measured, as well as the placenta and the important organs weight, and the indexes of the organs were calculated. Results Compared with the model group, Pue could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose of GDM pregnant rats and fetal rats, improve the glucose tolerance of pregnant rats, effectively alleviate the excessive weight gain of pregnant rats and overweight of fetal rats caused by GDM, and reduce the abortion rate; it could also reverse the decrease in the indexes of the organs of brain, heart, and liver, and the increase in the indexes of organs of kidney in fetal rats caused by GDM. Conclusions Pue can relieve the maternal and the fetal hyperglycemia in GDM, reduce the rate of miscarriage, reduce the incidence of macrosomia, and promote the development of vital fetal organs.

Research on early warning model of the hearing loss of workers exposed to noise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the change of hearing threshold of workers exposed to noise, establish an individual-based hearing loss early warning model, accurately and differentiated the health of workers exposed to noise. Methods: In September 2019, all physical examination data of 561 workers exposed to noise from an enterprise were collected since their employment. Three indicators of average hearing threshold of the better ear, namely, at high frequency, 4000 Hz and speech frequency, were constructed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust gender and age and establish the warning model of each indicator. Finally, sensitive indicators and warning models were screened according to AUC and Yoden index. Results: Among the 561 workers exposed to noise, 26 (4.6%) workers had hearing loss. The sensitivity indicators were the average hearing threshold at speech frequency ≥20 dB, high frequency ≥30 dB and 4000 Hz ≥25 dB. The AUC of each index was 0.602, 0.794 and 0.804, and the Youden indexes were 0.204, 0.588 and 0.608, respectively. In GEE of hearing loss warning models, high-frequency hearing threshold ≥20 dB and 4000 Hz hearing threshold ≥25 dB were the optimal models, with AUC of 0.862. Conclusion: Combined with the changes of individual hearing threshold over the years, can accurately assess the risk of individual hearing loss of workers exposed to noise.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in treatment of influenza / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to systematically review the efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in the treatment of influenza. The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules alone or in combination with conventional western medicine for treating influenza were retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and ClinicalTrails.gov. The data analysis was performed in RevMan 5.4.1. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the involved RCT, and GRADEpro GDT to assess the quality of the evidence. A total of 11 RCTs involving 1 836 patients were included in this study. Compared with conventional western medicine, Shufeng Jiedu Capsules/Shufeng Jiedu Capsules + conventional western medicine improved the response rate(RR=1.09, 95%CI[1.03, 1.15], P=0.002), shortened the time to relief of cough, and increased the 3-day sore throat relief rate, whereas there was no significant difference in the time to fever abatement, the time to relief of sore throat, 3-day cough relief rate, or 3-day runny nose relief rate. Subgroup-analysis showed that Shufeng Jiedu Capsules + conventional western medicine improved the response rate(RR=1.11, 95%CI[1.08, 1.15], P<0.000 01), shortened the time to relief of cough, and increased the 3-day relief rate of symptoms(cough, sore throat, and runny nose) compared with conventional western medicine alone, while there was no significant difference in the time to fever abatement or the time to relief of sore throat. Shufeng Jiedu Capsules alone could not improve the response rate(RR=0.97, 95%CI[0.93, 1.02], P=0.19). In addition, Shufeng Jiedu Capsules/Shufeng Jiedu Capsules + conventional western medicine vs conventional western medicine were no significant difference in adverse reactions(RR=0.98, 95%CI[0.57, 1.69], P=0.95). The available evidence suggests that Shufeng Jiedu Capsules is effective and safe in the treatment of influenza, and the combination of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules with conventional western medicine can accelerate the relief of symptoms. However, since the number and quality of the included studies were low, the above findings remained to be further verified by multicenter RCT with large sample sizes.

A Scoping Review of the Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and its Health Outcomes among Adults in Asia during the COVID-19 Outbreak

@#The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has led to imposed movement restrictions and lockdowns to curb the spread of COVID-19 cases in the community. These lockdowns had greatly changed people’s daily lives, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The aim of this scoping review was to establish available evidence linked to physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among adults in the Asia region during the COVID-19 outbreak. This scoping review was conducted using Arksey & O’Malley’s protocol with 132 studies included after full-text screening. Changes in PA were reported in 122 studies and SB in 50 studies. Most studies reported a reduction in the total level of PA and a hike in sedentary and screen time. This decrement in PA and increment in SB was related to poor mental health, body weight increase and complications in COVID-19 patients, while participants who maintained or improved their PA reported better health outcomes.

Association between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nutrition and Food Labels among Selected Higher Educational Institution Students in Klang Valley (Hubungan antara Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Amalan terhadap Pemakanan dan Label Makanan dalam Kalangan Pelajar Institusi Pengajian Tinggi di Lembah Klang) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Nutrition information on food labels guides consumers to purchase healthier food choices. Besides nutrition information, other factors influence a purchase. This study aims to determine the association between the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among tertiary students on nutrition and food labels. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 190 students from three tertiary institutions within Klang Valley completed an online survey. Self-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic profiles and KAP questions, available in Malay and English, were distributed. Association between KAP was determined using Spearman's Rho test, while multiple linear regression was used to assess predictors of KAP scores. Mean body mass index (BMI) of the respondents were 20.8 kg/m2. The total mean score for knowledge on food labels was 8.93, followed by attitude and practice with 3.86 and 3.11, respectively. There was a significant correlation between attitude and practice (p<0.005). Nutrient and total calorie information on food labels influenced purchases, with 56.3% of respondents reported looking at the total calorie content, followed by 55.7% and 49.5% checking on sugar and fats, respectively. In addition, other factors such as expiry date (60.9%) and price (59.9%) also influenced purchases. Overall, respondents have a positive attitude on food selection, but male respondents have better knowledge levels than females. However, female respondents interpret food labelling effectively compared to male respondents. Despite having good knowledge and attitude towards nutrition, respondents were still making poor choices. A more extensive range of healthier food options and targeted healthy eating campaigns may empower students to choose more nutritious foods.

Clinical observation on Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture combined with warming acupuncture for postoperative urinary retention / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture (acupuncture for unblocking governor vessel and regulating qi ) combined with warming acupuncture, Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion and oral tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule on postoperative urinary retention.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with postoperative urinary retention were randomized into an acupuncture-moxibustion group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture combined with warming acupuncture were applied in the acupuncture-moxibustion group. Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Shuigou (CV 26) etc. in the acupuncture group. Moxibustion was applied at Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao (ST 28) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in the moxibustion group. Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule was given orally in the medication group. The treatment was once a day, and 5-day treatment was required in each group. Before and after treatment, the residual urine volume of bladder, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the time of first urethral catheter removal were observed, and the clinical efficacy was compared in the 4 groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the residual urine volume of bladder was decreased compared before treatment in the 4 groups (P<0.05), and that in the acupuncture-moxibustion group was less than the other 3 groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores were decreased compared before treatment in the acupuncture-moxibustion group, the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05), and those in the 3 groups were lower than the medication group (P<0.05). The time of first urethral catheter removal in the acupuncture-moxibustion group was earlier than the other 3 groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the acupuncture-moxibustion group, which was superior to 63.3% (19/30) in the acupuncture group, 60.0% (18/30) in the moxibustion group and 66.7% (20/30) in the medication group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect of Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture combined with warming acupuncture on postoperative urinary retention is superior to simple acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion and tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule.

Study on active components and targets of Ginseng in Prevention and treatment of PTSD based on Network Pharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Aim To obtain the active components and targets of ginseng in the prevention and treatment of traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) through the method of network pharmacology. Methods The active components and target information of ginseng with medicinal value were obtained by TCMSP research platform, and the gene information closely related to the pathogenesis of PTSD was obtained by searching GeneCard and OMIM database. The two were matched to obtain the medicinal components and target genes of ginseng in the prevention and treatment of PTSD. The drug-dis- ease-target network diagram was drawn by R and Perl computer languages, and the target genes were analyzed by PPI network analysis, gene ontology ( GO ) and signal transduction pathway ( KEGG) enrichment analysis. Results According to the general pharmacological research methods of traditional Chinese medi cine, the screening parameters of active components were set, and nine kinds of high value medicinal ingredients of Panax ginseng were obtained. There was a drug-target relationship between the nine medicinal components and sixteen target genes related to PTSD disease. Through PPI, GO and KEGG analysis, it was found that the target genes were mainly enriched in physiological functions such as neurotransmitters, syn-aptic plasticity, ion channels and so on. Conclusions Ginseng has the pharmacological effect of preventing and treating PTSD, which may play a role in regulating the metabolism and receptor activity of monoamine neurotransmitters.

Analysis on related factors of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the related factors of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hospitalized in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2016 to May 2020, were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into delayed enhancement positive group (fibrosis group) and non-delayed enhancement group (non-fibrosis group). According to the maximum left ventricular end diastolic wall thickness (LVMWT), patients in the fibrosis group was further divided into mild hypertrophy group, moderate hypertrophy group and severe hypertrophy group. The baseline clinical data of patients were collected by medical record management system. All enrolled patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). The presence and location of myocardial fibrosis were identified by CMR gadolinium contrast delayed enhancement (LGE). The range of LGE (LGE%) was calculated by visual analysis. The levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in peripheral blood were measured . Results: A total of 48 patients ( age (46.4±14.3) years, 42 (87.5%) males) were enrolled. There were 34 LGE positive cases (fibrosis group) and 14 LGE negative cases (non-fibrosis group). Compared with non-fibrosis group, patients in fibrosis group were younger (P=0.038) and prevalence of NYHA grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ was higher (P=0.00). Compared with non-fibrosis group, patients in fibrosis group had thicker LVMWT (P= 0.008), higher left ventricular mass index(LVMI) (P=0.001), higher left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) (P=0.043), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac index (CI) (all P <0.05). The levels of NT-proBNP and cTnI were significantly higher in fibrosis group than in non-fibrosis group (2 760.5 (1 503.4, 3 783.6) ng / L vs. 861.3 (552.2, 1 092.8) ng / L, P=0.002; 0.970 (0.448, 1.684)μg / L vs. 0.147 (0.033, 0.251)μg / L, P=0.041).In fibrosis group, there were 15 cases of mild hypertrophy (mild hypertrophy group), 10 cases of moderate hypertrophy (moderate hypertrophy group), and 9 cases of severe hypertrophy (severe hypertrophy group). The LGE% and NT-proBNP and cTnI increased in proportion with increasing myocardial hypertrophy (P<0.05). LGE% was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.618, P=0.011), and positively correlated with NT-proBNP and cTnI levels (r=0.271, P=0.010; r=0.111,P=0.013, respectively), and positively correlated with LVEDV, LVMWT and LVMI (r=0.438, P=0.09; r=0.735, P=0.001; r=0.532, P=0.034, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the extent of myocardial fibrosis increases with the increase of myocardial hypertrophy. Myocardial fibrosis is negatively correlated with age, and positively correlated with NT-proBNP and cTnI, as well as LVEDV, LVMWT and LVMI in this patient cohort.

Clinical Study on Addition and Subtraction Treatment to Renshen Maidong San to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Deficiency of Both Qi and Yin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of addition and subtraction treatment to Renshen Maidongsan on metabolism of glucose， lipid and pregnancy outcome when used to gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） with deficiency of both Qi and Yin. Method:In this study， 108 patients with GDM were randomly divided into observation group with 54 cases and control group with 54 cases. Patients in control group took Yuquan wan orally， 6 g/time， 4 times/day ， and patients in observation group were prescribed addition and subtraction treatment to Renshen Maidongsan， 1 dose/day. The course of treatment for both groups was 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed before and after treatment. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） ， 1 h our plasma glucose （1 h PG）， 2 h our plasma glucose （2 h PG）， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） and other indicators were detected to record the pregnancy outcome. Also， the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， adiponectin， serum amyloid A （SAA）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， resistin， interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected before and after treatment. Then the safety evalution was carried out. Result:The levels of insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）， FBG， 1 h PG， 2 h PG， HbA1c， TC， LDL-C， TG， IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， TNF-<italic>α</italic>， SAA， leptin and resistin in observation group were lower than the data checked in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels of HOMA-<italic>β</italic>， insulin sensitivity index （InISI） and adiponectin were higher than the standards of from control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Then the incidence of medical cesarean section， pregnancy induced hypertension， polyhydramnios， premature rupture of membranes， premature delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes were lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Addition and subtraction treatment to Renshen Maidongsan can improve insulin sensitivity and islet <italic>β</italic>-cell function， regulate inflammatory factors and adipokines， improve insulin resistance （IR）， effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism， improve maternal and infant adverse pregnancy outcomes when used on patients with GDM and deficiency of Qi and Yin， and it was safe to use in clinic.

Biochemical, Cardiovascular Parameters and Weight Status among a Rural Population in Mandalay Division, Myanmar

Overweight and obesity are increasing public health problems recognizedworldwide and rural population is not less affected. Early detection of overweight andobesity as well as cardiovascular and biochemical data are important for rural populationsto prevent and control of obesity related cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed todetermine biochemical, cardiovascular parameters and weight status among a ruralpopulation in Mandalay Division. This cross-sectional study of 263 subjects, age ranging from18-86 years, was conducted at Pin-Tee village in Pyin-Oo-Lwin Township in 2015.Anthropometry, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were determined. Weightstatus was assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified according to WHO adult AsianBMI criteria. There were 110 males (41.8%) and 153 females (58.2%), respectively, withmean age was 44.8 ± 16.0 years. Current smoking and current betel chewing were found inmales (58.2% and 34.6%) and females (4.6% and 4.6%), respectively. Current alcoholdrinking was observed in males (41.8%). Overweight (16.4% males; 19.6 % females) andobesity (10.9% males; 29.4 % females) were found in this study. Existence of hypertension,hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia (Fasting Blood Glucose≥126mg/dl) andelectrocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 39.9%, 32.3%, 9.5 % and 30.8%,respectively, among all respondents. Hypertension, abnormal electrocardiography,dyslipidemia and high alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly associated withincrease in BMI. The magnitude of obesity was quite high in this study population. Most ofthe cardio-metabolic risk factors were more common in females. Hypertension andhypertriglyceridemia were more frequent in this rural community.

Highly sensitive serological approaches for Pepino mosaic virus detection / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) causes severe disease in tomato and other Solanaceous crops around globe. To effectively study and manage this viral disease, researchers need new, sensitive, and high-throughput approaches for viral detection. In this study, we purified PepMV particles from the infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and used virions to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare hybridomas secreting anti-PepMV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A panel of highly specific and sensitive murine mAbs (15B2, 8H6, 23D11, 20D9, 3A6, and 8E3) could be produced through cell fusion, antibody selection, and cell cloning. Using the mAbs as the detection antibodies, we established double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), Dot-ELISA, and Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PepMV infection in tomato plants. Resulting data on sensitivity analysis assays showed that both DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can efficiently monitor the virus in PepMV-infected tissue crude extracts when diluted at 1:1 310 720 and 1:20 480 (weight/volume ratio (w/v), g/mL), respectively. Among the three methods developed, the Tissue print-ELISA was found to be the most practical detection technique. Survey results from field samples by the established serological approaches were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing, demonstrating all three serological methods are reliable and effective for monitoring PepMV. Anti-PepMV mAbs and the newly developed DAS-ELISA, Dot-ELISA, and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PepMV detection and field epidemiological study, and management of this viral disease, which is already widespread in tomato plants in Yunnan Province of China.

Herbal Textual Research of Setariae Fructus Germinatus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Setariae Fructus Germinatus (Guya) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for thousands of years. In ancient and modern books and works, the name is often confused because of its complicated relationship with the origin. In order to clarify the name and source of Guya, the authors examined the name, origin and processing history of Guya through consulting ancient Chinese herbal books, modern Chinese medicine monographs, calendar edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the processing standards of various provinces, and found that different regions in China used Guya according to their local habits, resulting in the foreign body of the same name of Guya, lacking a unified standard. It is suggested that changing the name of Guya to Suya is more practical, and is conducive to the quality standard research and clinical accurate application of Guya.

Study on organic acids in Ginkgo biloba extracts based on multivariate statistical analysis / 中草药

Objective: A method for simultaneous determination of nine active organic acids [shikimic acid, catechinic, (-)- epicatechin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (6HKA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), hydroxycinnamic acid, and caffeic acid] in Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) by HPLC wavelength switching method was established, and its quality was evaluated by statistical analysis. Methods: An Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with a column temperature of 40 ℃ and a mobile phase gradient of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid. The detection wavelengths were 220 nm [shikimic acid, catechinic, (-)-epicatechin], 254 nm (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 6HKA, PHBA), 310 nm (hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid), respectively. Results: Remarkable differences were found among the nine compositions in different producing areas samples. The samples from different manufacturers showed significant difference in organic acid compounds. There were great difference of the contents of organic acid in various batches from different manufacturers. The data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), correlation, and regression analysis to compare the quality differences. Catechinic, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and 6HKA were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to reflect the difference between samples, and there were internal relations among these compounds. Conclusion: The established method was simple, accurate, and reliable with good precision, repeatability and stability, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of nine organic acid compounds. Through multivariate statistical analysis, the Q-markers that may affect the difference of GBEs were better identified, which can lay the foundation for the comprehensive quality control of GBEs. Meanwhile, the extracting process of GBEs were not uniform. The stability of process parameter in the enterprise was prepared to be further enhanced.

The role of public health dietary messages and guidelines in tackling overweight and obesity issues

@#Overweight and obesity in Malaysia pose serious threats to health. Prevalence has escalated to alarming levels in recent decades despite a multitude of public health dietary messages geared towards obesity prevention and health promotion. Gaps between health messages, messengers, and the public must be identified and closed to effectively combat obesity and overweight. This review article aims to examine public health dietary messages, guidelines, and programmes for the prevention of obesity in Malaysia, and explore potential reasons for the continued rise in its prevalence. Public health dietary communication in Malaysia has progressed and improved substantially over the years. However, most messages have been designed for the general audience, with little consideration of differences in physical, social, cultural, and environmental backgrounds, and varying levels of comprehension. We offer several recommendations to increase the effectiveness of public health dietary messages in fighting the obesity epidemic, based on a cross-sectoral, place-based approach that recognise the complexity of the underlying causes of obesity.

Efficiency of heart rate and heart rate difference at different time points during head-up tilt test in the diagnosis of postural tachycardia syndrome in children and adolescents / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the efficiency of heart rate (HR) and heart rate difference (HRD) at different time points during head-up tilt test (HUTT) in the diagnosis of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children and adolescents.@*METHODS@#A total of 217 children and adolescents, aged 6-16 years, who were diagnosed with POTS were enrolled as the POTS group, and 73 healthy children and adolescents, matched for sex and age, were enrolled as the control group. The POTS group was further divided into ≤12 years old group with 127 children/adolescents and >12 years old group with 90 children/adolescents. The two groups were compared in terms of HR at baseline and at 5 and 10 minutes of HUTT (HR0, HR5, and HR10 respectively), difference between HR5/HR10 and HR0 (HRD5 and HRD10 respectively). The efficiency of HR5, HR10, HRD5 and HRD10 in the diagnosis of POTS was assessed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the POTS group had significant increases in HR5, HR10, HRD5, and HRD10 (P12 years old subgroup (P<0.05), while the coincidence rate of HRD for the diagnosis of POTS was higher in the ≤12 years old subgroup (P<0.05). The combination of HR5, HR10, HRD5, and HRD10 for the diagnosis of POTS had a greater area under the curve (0.974; 95%CI: 0.949-0.989) than HR5, HR10, HRD5, or HRD10 alone, with a sensitivity of 87.80% and a specificity of 95.83%. The diagnostic efficacy of HRD for POTS was higher than that of HR (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HR and HRD at different time points during HUTT have a good value in the diagnosis of POTS in children and adolescents, and the accuracy of diagnosis varies with age and gender.

Gait Characteristics of Staircase Walking of Old and Young Adults under Dual Task Situation / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To compare the biomechanical characteristics and cognitive task performance of the young and the old adults as ascending and descending staircase. Methods:From March to April, 2018, 25 volunteers, including twelve old persons aged (71.54±3.25) and 13 young persons aged (22.24±1.56), were tested with continuous minus seven as sitting (pre-test), walking up and down stairs, walking up and down stairs with continuous minus seven and continuous minus seven as sitting again (post-test). Results:The performance of continuous minus seven was better as walking up stairs and post-test than pre-test in the old persons, and it was better as both up and down stairs, as well as post-test than pre-test in the young persons. As walking up stairs, the main effects of both age (F > 5.037,P < 0.05) and task (F > 6.122,P < 0.05) were significant in walking time, step length, frequency and speed; while walking down stairs, the main effects of both age (F > 17.252,P < 0.01) and task (F > 6.274,P < 0.05) were significant in walking time, step frequency and speed. Conclusion:People would alter the focus on cognitive tasks according to the difficulty of the action. The old adults would be more conservative in the action as upstair during the dual task, and would pay less attention to cognitive task additionally as downstair.

Application of Neuromodulation in Rehabilitation for Dysphagia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Neuromodulation is a kind of technique based on neurocortical repair mechanism, which affects the cerebral cortex by electrical or chemical means directly or indirectly, impacts the activity of neurons, to help the reconstruction of neural network and promote functional recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are the neuromodulation techniques used widely in the rehabilitation of dysphagia in recent years. Neuromodulation intervention strategies for dysphagia can be selected in term of models, electrode placement, frequency, etc., based on the cerebral damage, to excite, inhibit or regulate target cerebral cortex, to improve swallowing function.

Overall Prevalence and Distribution of Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Mutations in Aedes aegypti from Mandalay Region, Myanmar

Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) of mosquitoes confer resistance to insecticides. Although insecticide resistance has been suspected to be widespread in the natural population of Aedes aegypti in Myanmar, only limited information is currently available. The overall prevalence and distribution of kdr mutations was analyzed in Ae. aegypti from Mandalay areas, Myanmar. Sequence analysis of the VGSC in Ae. aegypti from Myanmar revealed amino acid mutations at 13 and 11 positions in domains II and III of VGSC, respectively. High frequencies of S989P (68.6%), V1016G (73.5%), and F1534C (40.1%) were found in domains II and III. T1520I was also found, but the frequency was low (8.1%). The frequency of S989P/V1016G was high (55.0%), and the frequencies of V1016G/F1534C and S989P/V1016G/F1534C were also high at 30.1% and 23.5%, respectively. Novel mutations in domain II (L963Q, M976I, V977A, M994T, L995F, V996M/A, D998N, V999A, N1013D, and F1020S) and domain III (K1514R, Y1523H, V1529A, F1534L, F1537S, V1546A, F1551S, G1581D, and K1584R) were also identified. These results collectively suggest that high frequencies of kdr mutations were identified in Myanmar Ae. aegypti, indicating a high level of insecticide resistance.

Overall Prevalence and Distribution of Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Mutations in Aedes aegypti from Mandalay Region, Myanmar

Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) of mosquitoes confer resistance to insecticides. Although insecticide resistance has been suspected to be widespread in the natural population of Aedes aegypti in Myanmar, only limited information is currently available. The overall prevalence and distribution of kdr mutations was analyzed in Ae. aegypti from Mandalay areas, Myanmar. Sequence analysis of the VGSC in Ae. aegypti from Myanmar revealed amino acid mutations at 13 and 11 positions in domains II and III of VGSC, respectively. High frequencies of S989P (68.6%), V1016G (73.5%), and F1534C (40.1%) were found in domains II and III. T1520I was also found, but the frequency was low (8.1%). The frequency of S989P/V1016G was high (55.0%), and the frequencies of V1016G/F1534C and S989P/V1016G/F1534C were also high at 30.1% and 23.5%, respectively. Novel mutations in domain II (L963Q, M976I, V977A, M994T, L995F, V996M/A, D998N, V999A, N1013D, and F1020S) and domain III (K1514R, Y1523H, V1529A, F1534L, F1537S, V1546A, F1551S, G1581D, and K1584R) were also identified. These results collectively suggest that high frequencies of kdr mutations were identified in Myanmar Ae. aegypti, indicating a high level of insecticide resistance.

Laparoscopic conservative surgery for adenomyosis / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

The methods of conservative surgery for adenomyosis include laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery.Conservative surgery is mainly used for young women with uterine preservation requirements and fertility desire.Laparoscopic conservative surgery for adenomyosis is more recommended for local adenomyosis.Laparoscopic surgery often involves wedgeshaped excision of uterine wall,H-shaped incision of uterine wall,double-flap and triple-flap.There are advantages and disadvantages for various methods of volume reduction surgery.In any treatment,attention should be paid to the therapeutic effect of clinical symptoms,reduction of recurrence after operation,pregnancy outcome and prevention of uterine rupture after operation.