Résumé
Objective To investigate the diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of cultivable commesal bacteria from 18 to 22 year-old healthy people′s nose and skin. Methods From June to August 2017,18 to 22 year-old healthy people (n=210) were swabbed on skin and nose and cultured with blood plates at Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Species determination was performed using matrix assisted laser desorption Lonization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS);Susceptibility testing was performed on the major species by the disc diffusion method; Genomic characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) were determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method;SCCmec typing was tested by polymerase chain reaction(PCR);Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and association statistics were tested using Chi-Square tests. Results In total, 25 genera were identified of cultivable bacteria from 210 healthy people′s nose (1497 isolates) and skin (941 isolates).Staphylococcus isolates from nose and skin accounted for 82.03% and 80.23% respectively.Eleven species were identified of all Staphylococcus isolates and coagulase-negative Staphylococci(CoNS)from nose and skin accounted for 90.72% and 99.21% respectively.Furthermore, a variety of other species and differences between men and women were observed. Susceptibility testing was done on 631 Staphylococcus isolates, which were sensitive to most antibiotics but show high prevalence of resistance towards penicillin (76.55%), erythromycin (41.20%), clindamycin (10.77%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(10.14%). Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) (45 isolates) showed higher prevalence of resistance towards penicillin (χ2=12.17,P<0.001), erythromycin (χ2=10.80,P=0.001), levofloxacin (χ2=20.24, P<0.001) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (χ2=58.57,P<0.001) compared to methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus (MSS)(586 isolates). Moreover, multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42.16% of 631 isolates and MRS showed a significantly higher proportion than MSS(100.00% vs 37.71%,χ2=66.49,P<0.001).PFGE generated 23 groups out of 33 MRSE isolates. SCCmec genotyping of MRSE showed the most prevalent type was SCCmecⅣ (66.67%). Conclusions Obvious genus and species diversity and genetic diversity were observed on cultivable bacteria from 18 to 22 year-old healthy people′s nose and skin,and CoNS was in the majority. Staphylococcus isolates from healthy people′s nose and skin were sensitive to most antibiotics,but show high prevalence of resistance towards penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, MDR was serious especially in MRS. Commensal bacteria may act as reservoir for resistance genes facilitating bacteria infection.
Résumé
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the commercial SepsityperTM kit and serum separator tube coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for direct identification of microorganisms in a blood culture system.Methods A total of 138 clinical blood samples from clinical laboratory in Renji hospital were tested with two methods respectively from April to June of 2016.Performance of the assays were compared against that of conventional bacterial culture as a reference.Results A total of 138 nonduplicate positive blood culture samples were collected,including 70 (53.03％) gram negative samples,57 (43.18％) gram positive samples,3 fungus samples,2 mixed samples,and 6 false positive samples which were excluded from further analysis.The accuracy rate of SepsityperTM kit and serum separator tube was 91.67％ and 84.09％ in rapid identification of pathogen from blood samples,83.33％ and 61.36％ in correct identification to species level.The accuracy rate of SepsityperTM kit and serum separator tube was 98.57％ and 95.71％ in identifying gram-negative bacteria,87.72％ and 78.59％ in identifying gram-positive bacteria,respectively.The turnaround time for identification of each sample was 40 min by the commercial SepsityperTM kit and 25 min by serum separator tube.Conclusions MALDI SepsityperTM kit has shown slightly higher accuracy rate in identification of pathogen from blood sample than serum separator tube,but the difference is not significant (91.67％ vs.84.09％,P＞0.05).Compared with MALDI SepsityperTM kit,serum separator tube is a rapid,easy,and cost-effective pretreatment method for direct identification of microorganisms from blood cultures using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Objective To study the material basis of hot-natured herb Euodiae Fructus. Methods Euodiae Fructus extract was separated into the chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and water fraction. With cold syndrome rat model by reserpine, the study confirmed that n-butanol fraction of Euodiae Fructus has influence on energy metabolism in rats. With the modified magnetic polymer microspheres, Euodiae Fructus n-butanol was divided into alkaloids, phenolic acid, fat soluble and water-soluble components, and the component of Euodiae Fructus influencing energy metabolism of model rats was further confirmed.Results The Euodiae Fructus extracts and alkaloids elevated rats temperature, reduced the Na+-K+-ATP activity, increased SDH activity, the content of ATP in liver tissue, the energy charge (EC) value and body heat production, and improve the level of energy metabolism.Conclusion The alkaloid is the material basis of hot-natured herb Euodiae Fructus.
Résumé
Objective To investigate the evaluation method of processing pieces' colour and quantificationally analyse the relactionship between the pieces' colour and the internal quality. Methods Taking different processing techniques on Rhizoma Alismatis as research objects,using a camera and Adobe Photoshop software to acquire the elementary information of processing pieces' colour and determine the contents of the active principle in Rhizoma Alismatis by HPLC. The active principle in Rhizoma Alismatis and the colour of processing pieces are analyzed quantificationally by SPSS 13.0 statistical software and data mining software Clementine 8.0. Results The method for acquiring and handling colour information of processing pieces in Rhizoma Alismatis could be used to quantificationally analyze the correlation of the colour of processing pieces. There is a significant correlation between processing pieces' colour difference and the internal quality. Conclusion The colour difference of processing pieces can be one of target for the quality assessment. The method can be popularized to other precessing pieces control of techniques.