Résumé
Objective:To improve the prevention and treatment of venomous snake bites by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of venomous snake bite in Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted. The medical records of 1 091 patients with venomous snake bites admitted to the department of snake wound of Wuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to December 2020 were collected, including snake species, gender and age of patients, bite time, bite site and local symptom.Results:The medical records of 952 patients with a definite clinical diagnosis of snake bite were enrolled. Among the 952 patients with venomous snake bites, the main bites were from Ovophis (32.98%), Trimeresurus (27.84%) and Naja (26.26%), followed by Bungarus multicinctus (6.51%), Ophiophagus Hannah (3.15%) and Agkistrodonhalys (1.58%), and few bites were from Rhabdophis subminiatus (0.73%), Bungarus fasciatus (0.42%), viper (0.32%) and Agkistrodon (0.21%). Of the 952 patients with venomous snake bites, there were almost twice as many males as females [647 cases (67.96%) vs. 305 cases (32.04%), with male to female ratio of 2.12∶1]. The age of patients ranged from 0.8 to 87.0 years old, with 40-59 years old as the majority (42.44%), followed by ≥ 60 years old (27.31%). Snake bites mainly occurred from April to November (93.59%), with a peak in October (16.39%). The incidence time was mainly afternoon (12:00-17:59, 30.88%) and evening (18:00-23:59, 33.30%), followed by morning (06:00-11:59, 24.69%), and early in the morning (00:00-05:59, 11.13%). The incidence time of Ovophis and Bungarus multicinctus mainly concentrated in 18:00-23:59, the time of Trimeresurus was in 06:00-11:59, and that of Naja and Ophiophagus hannah was in 12:00-17:59. Most cases of snake bite were on limbs (98.53%), and mainly on the right limbs (53.57%). The lower limbs mainly were bitten by Ovophis, while the upper limbs mainly were bitten by Naja and by Ophiophagus hannah. The local symptoms of the bite of Ovophis and Trimeresurus were similar, mainly including pain, swelling, tenderness, high temperature of skin around the wound, bleeding and exudation, etc. And the local symptoms of the bite of Naja were pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, bleeding and exudation, red skin, etc. Numbness and mild pain were the main symptoms of the bite of Bungarus multicinctus and Bungarus fasciatus, but other local characteristics were not obvious.Conclusions:The majority of venomous snake bite patients in Wuzhou City of Guangxi were middle-aged and elderly males, and the majority of venomous snakes were Ovophis, Trimeresurus, and Naja. Most venomous snake bite occurs from April to November, and the incidence time was concentrated between 12:00 and 23:59. The majority of venomous snake bite was limb bites. The local symptoms were pain, swelling, tenderness, high temperature of skin around the wound, bruising, etc. To reduce the incidence rate, disability rate and mortality of snake bite disease, a snake bite prevention system should be established, the education and publicity of snake bite prevention knowledge should be strengthened, the awareness of snake bite prevention should be improved, and clinical diagnosis and treatment should be assisted, based on the epidemiological characteristics of snake bite in Wuzhou area.
Résumé
[Objective]Giant cell tumor of bone is notorious for its local aggressive behavior and its tendency to recur after operative treatment.Bisphosphonates is the drug of anti-osteoporosis.It is found also have anti-cancer effect recently.We conducted experiment examing the effect of bisphosphonates alendronate on the growth and survival of the cells.To study if bisphosphonates are capable of inducing cells death and significantly inhibiting their growth in vitro.[Method]Cells viability was detected by MTT Assay after the tumor cells were cured with different concentration and different time.Tumor cells apoptosis with in situ TUNEL assay and flow cytometry was detected.The active Caspase-3 was also detected.[Result]After exposure to alendronate,the cells exhibited the characteristic features of cell shrinkage,rounding and partial detachment,and demonstrated the lobulated appearance of apoptotic cells.It was much more prominent while the treating time prolonged or the concentration increased.Alendronate((5 200) M) treatment for 24 h,resulted in 2.79%~31.17% decrease in cell viability,and 11.13%~49.94% for 72 h,respectively.A significant dose-dependent and time-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells was observed in the GCT cells.After Alendronate treat for 24 h,the mean cell population in apoptosis was 14.32% at concentration 5 mmol/l,and 40.24% at 200 mmol/l.It was up to 18.41% and 42.22% respectively after 48 h.In Alendronate-treated GCT cells,Caspase-3 activation was observed.The cell response varied with doses of Alendronate showing the levels of Caspase-3 expression with a dose dependent response.[Conclusion]In conclusion,we demonstrated that bisphosphonate alendronate could inhibit GCT cells in the present study.This response was time-dependent and dose-dependent.Alendronate inducing apoptosis in GCT cells is mediated by the activation of Caspase-3.