Design of ultrahigh-affinity and dual-specificity peptide antagonists of MDM2 and MDMX for P53 activation and tumor suppression

Peptide inhibition of the interactions of the tumor suppressor protein P53 with its negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX activates P53

Health literacy and cancer prevention / 中华预防医学杂志

This article reviews the literature on health literacy and cancer prevention, screening, treatment and prognosis. A large number of studies have shown that health literacy is positively correlated with public cancer risk awareness, cancer knowledge awareness rate, and cancer screening behavior, and positively correlated with the health service resource utilization ability of cancer patients, treatment compliance, and quality of life, and negatively correlated with the unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and drinking. Some studies have problems such as small sample size, limited population, and inappropriate design. Some studies do not support the conclusions above. Therefore, multi-center, large-scale clinical studies and cohort studies should be conducted to provide more robust evidence for the relationship between the health literacy and cancer prevention, screening, and treatment.

Health literacy and awareness of cancer control in urban China, 2005-2017: overall design of a national multicenter survey / 中华预防医学杂志

The health literacy refers to the ability of individuals to acquire and understand basic health information and services and use them to make the right decisions to maintain and promote their health. Health literacy data focusing on cancer prevention and control was limited in China. In order to understand the health literacy and awareness of cancer risk factors and the cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment in Chinese urban residents and compare the effect of different stages of the cancer intervention, the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) program, supported by the National Key Public Health Program, conducted a survey on the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents in 16 provinces nationwide from 2015 to 2017. Four subgroups were designed in this survey, including (1) general population who have never participated in any cancer screening programs at a community-level; (2) individuals who have previously attended the CanSPUC program for cancer risk assessment or screening intervention; (3) cancer patients who were receiving treatment in local hospitals; (4) a special group from employees of government and public institutions (non-health system), state-owned enterprises and private enterprises (to have better understand on the impact of socioeconomic factors). The self-designed questionnaire covered six parts, including basic information, consciousness of common risk factors to cancer, awareness of early detection, awareness of early diagnosis, awareness of early treatment, and the needs and approaches for knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. A total of 32 257 individuals were included in the final analyses. This paper landscaped the overall design of the survey, including participants, domains of the instrument, quality control, basic characteristics of the included individuals. These descriptions are applicable to each individual report of the current special issue of "Health Literacy of Cancer Control in Urban China" and future reports, in which more detailed results are and will be reported. The findings of this survey could provide some useful implications for similar researches in the future.

Health literacy: a new perspective of cancer prevention and control / 中华预防医学杂志

In the past decade, the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in China have been growing as a serious public health problem. Health literacy is closely related to the individual cancer risk awareness, early cancer symptom recognition, cancer screening behavior, treatment compliance, disease self-management ability and outcome. It also has an important impact on the occurrence, development and outcome of cancer and plays an important role in the tertiary cancer prevention. This issue focuses on the consciousness of cancer prevention, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, as well as the demand of and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and could provide reference for cancer prevention and control in urban residents.

Recombinant human interleukin-11 for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia of acute leukemia: a multi-center study / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective@#To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) in treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia of acute leukemia.@*Methods@#Acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia [Platelets (Plt) < 50×109/L] in 6 centers nationwide from February 2016 to July 2016 were treated with rhIL-11 (2 mg/time, twice per day) by subcutaneous injection. Treatment lasted 7 days or at least until Plt≥ 50×109/L. The Plt recovery was observed during treatment.@*Results@#A total of 112 patients were enrolled, and 2 patients decided to drop out of study. The efficacy population consisted of 110 patients, and the total response rate reached 74.5% (82/110). The average variation of Plt during treatment was (70±54)×109/L, and recovery average time of Plt for the patients with favorable efficacy was (8.7±3.0) days. In treatment with severe thrombocytopenia, rhIL-11 alone could shorten the recovery time compared with rhIL-11 combined with Plt transfusion [(8.0±2.6) d vs. (9.6±3.5) d, t=2.17, P=0.03].@*Conclusion@#rhIL-11 twice a day of subcutaneous injection can effectively promote Plt recovery and reduce Plt transfusion with less adverse reactions, which is worthy of further application.

Reliability and Validity Evaluation of Modified Medication Discrepancy Tool / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the content validity and interrater reliability of the modified medication discrepancy tool (MDT). METHODS:According to the structure of MDT(English edition),the terms of MDT were modified,and 5 invited ex-perts used content validity indicator to test the content validity of MDT. The interrater reliability method was adopted to test the reli-ability of MDT. The interrater reliability was performed by 2 evaluators to same 20 research objects with modified MDT. RE-SULTS:Average item-level content validity index was over 0.800,and scale-level content validity index was 0.970. The item-level interrater reliability was between 0.667 and 1.000(P<0.01). The scale-level interrater reliability was 0.840(P<0.01). CONCLU-SIONS:The modified MDT has good content validity and interrater reliability,and can be used to evaluate discharged medication discrepancies in China.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy replaces axillary lymph node dissection for patients with early breast cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To study the application value and safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy ( SLNB) replacing axillary lymph node dissection ( ALND) for patients with early breast cancer .Methods Data was col-lected for patients undergoing SLNB or ALND in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University from June 2011 to June 2014.The complication of upper extremity , axillary local recurrence and distant metastasis were retro-spectively analyzed.The patients were followed up to Nov .2014, with the median follow-up of 41 ( 18-52 ) months.Results Patients undergoing SLNB had less postoperative complications of upper extremity ( numb and painχ2 =18.174, P =0.000;Restricted movement χ2 =20.413, P =0.000; Strength loss χ2 =23.785, P =0.000;P0.05).Conclusion In early breast cancer without SLN, SLNB can achieve the equivalent effect to ALND with less damage and complications .

The study of diabetes-related behavior status and affecting factors among urban and suburban residents in six provinces in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the status of diabetes-related behaviors and affecting factors among urban and suburban residents in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample of 18-60 years old residents from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Henan, Yunnan and Qinghai provinces was investigated by using stratified cluster random sampling method from March to May in 2013, and 4 282 residents were recruited. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey. χ(2) test was used to compare the different risk behavior characteristics of diabetes. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6th national census data. Multiple regression analysis was used to understand the affecting factors to related behaviors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After data standardization, 14.3% sat more than 6 hours every day, 57.6% exercised less than 3 times every week, 21.3% had no regularly daily diet, 58.7% paid no attention to diet control, 15.7% and 7.8% residents preferred salty and oily diet, 51.4% had physical examination less than 1 time every year, 29.7% were smokers, and 9.2% often drank. Urban residents spent much more time on sitting (18.2%) than rural residents (8.4%) (P < 0.05), and the rates of lack of physical exercise(52.7%), irregular diet (17.2%), paying no attention to diet control (51.9%), smokers (23.6%) among urban residents were lower than rural residents (60.1%, 21.4%, 62.5% and 32.1% respectively) (P < 0.05). The rates of irregular diet (24.6%), paying no attention to diet control (63.5%), high-salt and high-fat diet (30.1%), smokers (57.7%), drinking (18.7%) among men were higher than those in females (15.5%, 52.1%, 23.2%, 2.2%, and 0.8% respectively) (P < 0.05); regions, genders, educational levels, occupations were related to relative behaviors of diabetes, residents in rural areas (t = 7.829, P < 0.01), males (t = -21.760, P < 0.01), lower education level (t = 0.771, P < 0.01), as well as institution personnel (t = -4.240, P < 0.01) had lower behavior scores, which meant they had more risk behaviors related to diabetes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were diabetes-related risk behaviors among both urban and suburban residents in China, such as insufficient physical exercise, no diet control and regular medical examinations. These risk behaviors happened more in rural areas than in urban areas, men than women, older age group than lower age group.</p>

The status of diabetes prevention awareness among Chinese residents in six provinces / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the status of diabetes prevention awareness among Chinese residents in order to provide the scientific basis for making intervention strategy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample of 18-60 years old residents in six provinces was investigated from March to April in 2013.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 17.8% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the awareness of diabetes. As for "Diabetes is a common chronic disease" got highest recognition rate (86.2%), and "Diabetes can be cured" got the lowest rate, 48.3%. 50.6% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes symptoms; and "thirsty, drink more water" got the highest recognition rate (75.3%). 17.8% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the complications of diabetes; and "causes of diabetes ketoacidosis" got the lowest rate of 31.6%. 12.3% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes high-risk group; the correct recognition rate for "family history" was the highest (75.1%); and the "macrosomia" got the lowest rate of 20.4%. 74.2% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes preventive measure;the correct cognition rate of a reasonable diet was the highest (92.0%), and the weight control was the lowest (81.5%). In addition, there are significant differences of knowledge score between different areas and genders. City residents' knowledge score about diabetes related views (6.2 ± 1.8), typical symptoms (2.9 ± 1.4), complication (4.1 ± 2.3), high-risk groups (3.4 ± 1.7), prevention measures (3.7 ± 0.9) were higher than rural residents (respectively 5.2 ± 2.2, 2.7 ± 1.5, 3.2 ± 2.3, 2.9 ± 1.8, 3.3 ± 1.2) (P < 0.05). Female residents' knowledge score about diabetes related views (5.7 ± 2), typical symptoms (2.9 ± 1.4), complication (3.8 ± 2.3), high-risk groups (3.1 ± 1.8), prevention measures (3.5 ± 1) were higher than male residents (respectively 5.5 ± 2.1, 2.7 ± 1.5, 3.5 ± 2.4, 3.1 ± 1.8, 3.4 ± 1.2, 18.1 ± 6.8) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The public is lack of diabetes prevention awareness, and city residents' knowledge score is higher than rural residents', females are higher than males.</p>

A study on risk factors and perceptions of diabetes among urban and suburban residents from six provinces in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiological status of diabetes' risk factors among urban and suburban residents and their perceptions of their own health status and risk of diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stratified multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct the survey among 18-60 years old residents from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Qinghai provinces in China from March to May in 2013. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey, and then the data were analyzed. The main contents of the questionnaire included diabetes mellitus knowledge, diabetes mellitus risk factors and diabetes mellitus risk self-assessment. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6(th) national census data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 4 416 respondents were surveyed, and 4 282 valid questionnaires were successfully collected during the survey and the response rate was 97.0%. After weighted adjustment, the overweight and obesity rate of the residents in 6 provinces was 35.3%, abdominal obesity rate was 54.7%. 77.8% of the residents without diabetes had more than one risk factor, but only 8.5% thought they might got diabetes. The residents with high risk behavior possessing rates of diabetes were in eastern areas (79.7%), urban areas (80.7%), men (84.1%), aged from 45 to 60(100.0%), below primary school education level (83.4%) and enterprise personnel (79.7%). The residents with high risk consciousness of getting diabetes were in eastern areas (11.0%), urban areas (9.7%), men (9.7%), aged from 45 to 60 (12.3%), over college education level (12.7%) and the offices (14.7%). The results of logistic regression showed that residents in the middle areas (OR = 2.148, 95% CI: 1.633-2.920), urban residents (OR = 2.100, 95% CI: 1.611-2.738), male (OR = 2.488, 95% CI: 1.962-3.154), the older (OR = 1.102, 95% CI: 1.090-1.115) had a higher risk behavior rate of diabetes mellitus. Urban residents (OR = 2.784, 95% CI: 1.497-5.175), male (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.152-2.011), the older (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.009-1.035), college educational level (OR = 1.685, 95% CI: 1.033-2.749), with a higher score of health awareness(OR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.061-1.120)had a higher risk consciousness to being diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The urban and suburban residents in China had a high risk behavior possessing rates of diabetes, and a low risk consciousness of being diabetes.</p>

An analysis of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control and its influencing factors among the residents in six provinces in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control and its influencing factors among the public in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multistage stratified random sampling method was applied to investigate urban and rural residents aged 18-60 years among six provinces in China during March and May, 2013. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey. The influencing factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control were analyzed by logistic regression. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6(th) national census data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 4 416 persons were interviewed. A total of 4 282 valid questionnaires including 1 986 males (46.4%) and 2 296 females (53.6%) were obtained. The efficiency rate was 97.0%. The level of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among the public in China was 32.7% (1 036/2 399). And this rate was 40.5%, 36.5% and 15.4% in east, middle and west of China, respectively. Take the west region as reference, the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control in east China was high (OR = 2.510, 95% CI: 1.931-3.263), central China was in the second place (OR = 2.083, 95% CI: 1.579-2.749). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among males was lower than that in females (OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.402-0.593). The higher education level the respondents had, the higher the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control. Taking the primary school and below education level as reference, the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control of respondents with a secondary education was higher (OR = 1.103, 95% CI: 0.812-1.499), and that of college or above degree was the highest (OR = 2.029, 95% CI: 0.460-0.870). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among civil servants and institution staff was high, the enterprise personnel was in the second place (OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.460-0.870), the literacy level among the rural residents was very low (OR = 0.339, 95% CI: 0.234-0.491). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who have a family history of diabetes was relatively higher (OR = 1.570, 95% CI: 1.222-2.018 ). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who considered that they have diabetes risk was higher than that among people who considered they didn't (OR = 1.821, 95% CI: 1.317-2.517).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The east region, females, a high educational level, civil servants and public officers, having a family history of diabetes, self-assessed risk of getting diabetes were protective factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control.</p>

A study on health information literacy among urban and suburban residents in six provinces in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the status and its influencing factors of health information literacy among urban and suburban residents in China, and to explore the method for improving the health information literacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March to May in 2013, residents aged 18-60 years in six provinces in China were investigated with Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China about self-reported health information literacy. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6th national census data. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore influencing factors of health information literacy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 4 416 residents were surveyed, and 4 282 (97.0%) valid questionnaires were collected. After weight adjustments, 30.1% of the residents aged 18-60 years had adequate health information literacy in China, and the 95%CI of the rate was 28.5% - 31.6%. Totally, 70.8% of the residents ever actively searched for health information, 43.7% of the residents could easily retrieve the health information, 49.1% of the residents could easily understand the health information, 41.8% of the residents could confidently differentiate the quality of the health information and 51.1% of the residents ever searched health information on the internet. The results of multi-logistic regression showed that the rural residents, the males, those with lower levels of education, those with poor health had a lower health information literacy. The most trusted health information source was from doctors, and the trust rate reached 97.0%, followed by family members, friends or colleagues. The residents trusted the interpersonal communication more than the mass media and the new media.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of health information literacy of the residents was generally low in China. To improve the health information literacy, high-quality health information services should be delivered to the residents, and the health education on the internet provided by the medical professionals should also be explored.</p>

SHP-1 gene in the disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the profile of promoter methylation and expression of SHP-1 gene in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression level of SHP-1 mRNA and protein in bone marrow or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CML patients were detected by Western blot and SYBR Green-based qRT-PCR. The methylation status of SHP-1 were assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) assay. K562 cells were infected with the lentiviral plasmids pEX-SHP-1-puro-Lv105 (K562-SHP-1) or pEX-EGFP-puro-Lv105 (K562-EGFP). The levels of proteins and phosphorylated proteins were detected by Western blot. qRT-PCR assay was used to test the level of BCR-ABL mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative levels of SHP-1 mRNA were sharply decreased in advanced stages CML compared to chronic phase (CP)-CML (0.79±0.37 vs 1.18±0.64, P= 0.009). The level of SHP-1 protein was lower in advanced stages CML compared to CP-CML (0.57±0.02 vs 1.02±0.04, P=0.039). The frequency of SHP-1 gene promoter methylation at selected loci in CP-CML was 23.8% (10/42), and the methylated regions were detected in all advanced CML samples (P<0.01). SHP-1 was stably transfected into K562 cells and selected with puromycin. Overexpression of SHP-1 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of K562 cells, meanwhile leaded to G0/G1 phase arrest. After transfection, the level of BCR-ABL mRNA was not affected in K562-SHP-1 cells (1.32±0.34) compared to K562-EGFP cells (1.18±0.20, P=0.644), but overexpression of SHP-1 caused a slight decrease in BCR-ABL protein in K562-SHP-1 cells compared to K562 -EGFP cells (0.78±0.15 vs 1.27±0.24, P=0.040). Overexpression of SHP-1 resulted in a remarkable decrease in MYC protein, phosphorylated forms of JAK2, STAT5, Akt and MAPK. However, the un-phosphorylated forms of these molecules were not significantly affected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Decreased expression of SHP-1 caused by aberrant promoter hypermethylation may play a key role in the progression of CML by dysregulation of BCR-ABL, Akt, MAPK, MYC, JAK2 and STAT5 signaling.</p>

The relevance of Gli1 expression in breast cancer and clinical prognosis / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of Gli1 expression in breast cancer.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the protein expression of Glil in breast cancer tissues,adjacent cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node.Results ①Breast cancer tissues expressed high levels of Gli1 compared to paracancerous tissues.Gli1 overexpression was found in 93.3％ of breast cancer tissues with recurrence and metastasis and 81.2％ in breast cancer tissues without metastasis.Gli1 expression could be detected either in interstitial tissues of cancer or in cancer tissues,or in both.The rate of Gli1 overexpression was 89.3％ in the inter stitial tissues of the primary cancer with recurrence and metastasis and 13.4％ in interstitial tissues of breast cancer tissues without metastasis.The difference had statistical significance(P ＜ 0.001).②High expression of Gli1 in breast cancer tissues was closely related to early recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer.Gli1 expression displayed a significant correlation with relapse-free survival (RFS) (P =0.046).The recurrence rate was 17.8％ in the high expression group in breast cancer tissue,whereas it was only 6.2％ in the low expression group(P =0.046),while the recurrence rate was 31.2％ in the high expression group in interstitial tissues,whereas it was only 11.1％ in the low expression group(P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The high expression of Gli1 in breast primary cancer tissues,metastasis tissues and interstitial tissues is associated with recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer.

Clinical study on chemotherapy of lobaplatin combined with docetaxel in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lobaplatin combined with docetaxel in the treatment of the recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Methods: We collected 31 patients who diagnosed as recurrent ovarian carcinoma according to the histopathology or cytology from Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province from January 2011 to January 2013. The patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy or carboplatin-based chemotherapy before the combined chemotherapy of docetaxel and lobaplatin. For patients with the recurrence, they received a treatment at a dose of 80 mg/m2 for docetaxel on day 1 and a dose of 30 mg/m2 for lobaplatin on day 2, which lasted for 21 days as a treatment cycle. hTe patients received 6-cycletreatment at most. Results: A total of 153 cycles of chemotherapy were given to 31 patients, with a median of 4 (2–6) cycles. Three patients showed complete response, 11 partial response, 2 stable disease, and 15 progressive disease. hTe objective response rate (ORR) was 45.16% (95% CI, 26.61%–63.72%), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 51.63% (95% CI, 32.98%–70.25%). The median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% CI, 4.27–9.73 months). For the toxic and side effects among the 31 patients, the numbers of the grade 3, grade 2, and grade 1 leukopenia were 1, 8, and 13, respectively. Meanwhile, 18 were grade 1–2 neutropenia, 17 grade 1–2 anemia, and 2 grade 1 thrombocytopenia. At the same time, alimentary canal reaction followed by nausea and vomiting was relatively modest and could be controlled. hTe serious damage of hepatic-renal function was not found. Conclusion: The chemotherapy of lobaplatin combined with docetaxel is effective on recurrent and refractory ovarian cancer with low side effects, which has advantages over the second-line chemotherapy protocols.

Reproductive health status and its influencing factors among out of campus girls / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To study the epidemiological status of reproductive health related behaviors of out of school adolescents in Kunming and Shenzhen City,and to explore the social-psychological influencing factors of the behaviors.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 410 out of school adolescents aged 15-24 years who were recruited with accidental sampling.All the subjects were required to complete a self-administrated questionnaire.Single factor Chi-square analysis and multi-factor Logistic method were used for data analysis.Results The correct respondent rate of the questions on reproductive health knowledge among the adolescents was low.The sexual intercourse rate was 42.9％ (176/410).Nearly 44.9％ (79/176) of the adolescents who had sexual experience did not use condom in the latest sexual intercourse,and those who had no less than one sexual partner accounted for 48.9％ (86/176).The prevalence of genital discomfort and sexual transmitted disease was 48.8％ (200/410) and 2.9％ (12/ 410),respectively.Chi-square test showed that marriage,living statue,behaviors of holding hands,kiss,caress the body,sexual intercourse and having no less than one sexual partner influenced the prevalence of genital discomfort(x2 values were 4.667,10.862,10.032,15.619,17.423,28.239,17.817 and 21.369,respectively ; all P ＜ 0.05).In binary Logistic analysis,living in a dormitory or with other people,behaviors of caress the body,sexual intercourse and having no less than one sexual partner influenced the prevalence of genital discomfort (odds ratio (OR) was 0.449 (95％ CI:0.216-0.933),0.377 (95％ CI:0.147-0.967),4.364 (95％ CI:1.594-11.949),0.312 (95％ CI:0.111-0.877) and2.646 (95％ CI:1.417-4.941),respectively ; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The status of reproductive health was poor among out of school girls in kunming and Shenzhen,and living status,behaviors of caress the body,sexual intercourse and having no less than one sexual partner could influence the prevalence of genital discomfort.Comprehensive measures should be taken to strengthen the reproductive health management in this population.

Color Doppler flow imaging feature of compensatory collateral circles via ophthalmic artery in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate color Doppler flow imaging features of the ophthalmic artery,external carotid artery,which is known the secondary compensatory collateral circle,in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.Methods A total of 42 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion were enrolled,and ipsilateral and contralateral ophthalmic artery,external carotid artery were examined by color Doppler flow imaging,prospectively,peak systolic velocity,pulsatility index and resistance index were analyzed and compared with findings of control group.Results In the 42 cases with internal carotid artery occlusion,the compensatory collateral circle was observed by the external carotid artery and ophthalmic branches,through their communicating arteries in 40 (95.2％) cases of chronic occlusion.Compared with the contralateral side,the ophthalmic arteries were characterized by retrograde blood flow,peak backward shifting,increase of diameter [(1.91 ± 0.53) mm vs (1.69 ± 0.34) mm,P =0.009] and peak systolic velocity [(43.41 ± 27.28) cm/s vs (29.91 ± 14.16) cm/s,P =0.003],reduced pulsatility index (1.18 ± 0.49 vs 1.69 ± 0.73,P =0.000) and resistance index (0.65 ± 0.26 vs 0.75 ±0.12,P =0.000),and prolonged acceleration time [(147.71 ± 56.16)ms vs (51.80 ± 7.81)ms,P =0.000].Ophthalmic arteries had antegrade blood flow with a decrease of peak systolic velocity and resistance in another two cases of acute thrombosis of ICA.Conclusions External-ophthalmic-internal carotid artery passway is another compensatory collateral circle for the chronic occlusion,but only by ipsilateral and contralateral internal carotid artery circle,for acute thrombosis.

Comparative study on the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid and sodium ibandronate in treating bone metastasis in breast cancer patients / 中华内分泌外科杂志

ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid and sodium ibandronate in treating bone metastasis in breast cancer patients.MethodsThe study included 47 patients who were treated with zoledronic acid and sodium ibandronate respectively from Aug.2006 to Mar.2011. KaplanMeier curve and Log rank test were adopted to detect the difference in survival time of skeletal related event (SRE) and survival rate between patients treated with different medicine,and x2 test was uscd to rcveal thc rate difference of pain killing effects and adverse effects.Results 1.The total effective rate of pain killing was 88.9％ and 85％ respectively.The difference had no statistical significance(P =0.467).2.The 1,2 and 3-year-survival rate in zoledronic acid group and sodium ibandronate group was 88.7％,44.4％,24.2％vs 94.7％,40.5％,5.8％.The difference had no statistical significance(P =0.744).3.The 2,3,and 4-year-survival rate in zoledronic acid group and sodium ibandronate group was 70.4％,40.7％,23.1％ vs 85％,46.7％,17.5％.The difference had no statistical significance( P =0.994).4.The 1,2 and 3-year SRE-free overall survival rate of the group with metastasis first to bone only was 92％,50.8％,and 23.8％,while the rate of the group with first metastasis to visceral organs was 85.4％,21.4％,and 5.3％ ( P =0.012).5.The 2 and 3-year overall survival rate of the group with metastasis first to bone only was 95.8％ and 74.2％ respectively,while the rate of the group with first metastasis to visceral organs was 56.5％ and 10.1％ ( P ＜0.001 ).The difference of 4 and 5 had statistical significance.The difference of zoledronic acid group and sodium ibandronate group in rate of adverse effects had no statistical significance.Conclusions Compared to sodium ibandronate,zoledronic acid has no superiority in either delaying the occurrence of SRE or improving overall survival rate.The -2are similar in incidence of adverse effects and pain control.The prognosis of patients whose first presentation is complicated by metastasis to other organs is poor.

The determination of proteasomal activities in circulating white blood cells in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma and their clinical significance / 中国医师进修杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of determination of 20S proteasomal activities changes in circulating white blood cells (WBC) in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma.MethodsThe 20S proteasomal activities in circulating WBC separated from 80 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were determined by 20S proteasome assay kit; the concentrations of interleukin-6(IL-6) in plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay method.The result was compared with that of 11 healthy volunteers.ResultsThe proteasomal activities in circulating WBC[(38.26 ±9.23),(101.85 ±27.63)pmol AMC/ ( s *mg pro) ] and concentrations of IL-6 [ (23.89 ± 6.76),(72.52 ± 20.71 ) ng/L ] of healthy volunteers and the patients with advanced gastric carcinoma had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01 ).The proteasomal activities and the concentration of IL-6 were correlated with age,pathological type,weight changes,Karnofsky score and disease severe degree(P ＜ 0.01 );while they had no relationship with sex(P ＞ 0.05).Cox's proportional hazard regression model demonstrated that pathological type,Karnofsky score and proteasomal activities were the independent risk factors affecting the survival of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05).20S proteasomal activities and the concentration of IL-6 had positive correlation (r =0.691,P =0.000).ConclusionsThe proteasomal activites in circulating WBC and the concentration of IL-6 in plasma increase and are correlated with age,pathological type,weight changes,Karnofsky score and disease severe degree.Proteasomal activities in circulating WBC can be used as the prognostic reference factor of advanced gastric carcinoma.20S proteasomal activities and the concentration of IL-6 have positive correlation.

Investigation of the apoptosis mechanism induced by lactacystin in prostate cancer cell / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between nuclear factor(NF)-κB activity and lactacystin induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis.Methods Two prostate cancer cell were divided into two groups:blank control group treated with culture solution,lactacystin group treated with different concentration of lactacystin(0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μ mol/L),the action time were 8,16 and 24 hours.The cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay.NF-κB DNA binding activity was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression of NF-κB P65 nuclear protein was detected by Western blot assay,and caspase-3 activity was analyzed by enzyme analysis assay.Results On basal condition,the NF-κ B DNA binding activity was much higher in DU145 cell than that in LNCaP cell(t=4.728,P=0.001).Compared with blank control group,different concentration of lactacystin groups'NF-κ B DNA binding activity in both the LNCaP and DU145 cell were reduced.The expression of NF-κB p65 nuclear protein decreased along with raising of lactacystin concentration in LNCaP cell,but it did not change in DU145 cell.On basal condition,caspase-3activity in DU145 cell was higher than that in LNCaP cell(t=4.519,P=0.001).After lactacystin acting of 24 hours,caspase-3 activity increased along with raising of lactacystin concentration in both the LNCaP and DU145 cell(2.0 μmol/L lactacystin group compared with 1.0 μmol/L lactacystin group,DU145 cell P=0.000,LNCaP cell P=0.000).Conclusions Lactacystin has different killing effects on prostate cancer cell.The mechanism may be related to inducing the apoptosis by down-regulation of NF-κB activity.There may be additional cell survival/death pathway in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell.