Trace phenolic compounds from Red Yeast Rice / 中国中药杂志

Trace chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate extract of Red Yeast Rice were investigated. Four phenolic compounds were isolated by various column chromatographies, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including UV, MS, IR and NMR. The four compounds were identified as 2-methyl-5-(2'R-methyl-4'-hydroxy-butyl)-cinnamic acid(1), 5-(2'-hydroxy-6'-methyl phenyl)-3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid(2), daidzein(3), and genistein(4). Compound 1 was new and 2 was firstly discovered from the genus Monascus, while 3-4 were obtained from Red Yeast Rice for the first time.

Reconstruction intramedullary nailing for treatment of ispsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the curative effect and surigical skills of reconstruction intramedullary nailing in the treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to January 2013, 13 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures were treated by reconstruction intramedullary nailing including 11 males and 2 females with an average age of 38.9 yeas old ranging from 25 to 53 years old. For femoral neck fractures,10 cases were basilar neck fracture, 3 were transcervical fractures and according to Garden classification,10 were type II, 2 were type III and 1 was type IV. For feormal shaft fracture, 5 were type I, 4 were type II, 3 were type III and 1 was type IV according to Winquist classification. The location of all 13 feormal shaft fractures were all in the uper 3/4 of the feormal shaft. Complications and postoperative function were recorded and evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven patients were followed up for 23.45 months (12 to 36 months). Time from injury to operation was 5.9 days in average. Malunion of femoral neck fracture happened in 1 patient, nonunion of femoral shaft fracture happened in 2 patients. NO femoral head osteonecrosis, infection and malunion of femoral shaft fracture happened. According to Friedman-Wyman classification, 8 cases get good result, 2 get faii and 1 get poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reconstruction intramedullary nailing is a good choice for the ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures with the advantages of less soft-tissue trauma and complications.</p>

Case-control studies on clinical effects of non- and remnant preservation for reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the methods and therapeutic effects of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction with remnant preservation and no preservation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to January 2011,45 patients received arthroscopic PCL reconstruction by using hamstring tendon autograft fixed with bioabsorbable interference screw. Twenty-five patients were treated with PCL reconstruction with remnant no preservation, including 19 males and 6 females. During the operation, remnant PCL was not preserved, double-screws and whole-bone-tunnel technique was used to fix the tibial side. Twenty patients were treated with PCL reconstruction with remnant preservation, including 15 males and 5 females. Although the fixation technique was similar to the remnant no preservation group, the remnant was preserved. All the patients were followed up with a mean period of 18 months. Each patient was evaluated using the following variables: posterior laxity on KT-2000, Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee score and grade.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the latest follow-up, the results of mean side-to-side differences in posterior tibial translation, Lysholm knee score and IKDC score were (4.2 +/- 2.1) mm, 84.3 +/- 10.5 and 64.5 +/- 8.8 in the remnant no preservation group separately, and (3.9 +/- 1.8) mm, 86.5+/- 8.9 and 68.6 +/- 7.9 in the remnant preservation group separately. There were no statistical differences of above results between the two groups. However, IKDC objective grade differed significantly between the two groups and the result in remnant preservation group was better than that of remnant no preservation group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Remnant preservation in PCL reconstruction can provide better activity-related outcomes than remnant no preservation.</p>

Minimally invasive percutanuous cannulated pedicle screw system fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture without neurologic impairment / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and effect of percutanuous cannulated pedicle screw AF system fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture without neurologic impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2008 to June 2010,21 patients with thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture were treated with percutanuous cannulated pedicle screw fixation. There were 16 males and 5 females with the mean age of 32.7 years ranging from 23 to 55 years. Injured levels 5 cases was in T12, 13 was in L1, 3 was in L2. According to classification of AO, B1 was in 13 cases, B2 was in 8 cases. ASIA grade of all the patients were grade E. The mean operative time, bleeding volume, lengths of stay were evaluated. All the patients took the X-ray and three-dimensional CT reconstruction to observe the fracture healing and to measure the height of the anterior border of fracture vertebral body and the Cobb angle of kyphosis. The visual analogue scales (VAS) were compared preoperation and postoperation. The clinical effects were analyzed according to Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) from 10 aspects, including pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, sex life, social life, traveling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful and the mean time was (109.0+/-16.0) min, blood loss was (90.0+/-15.0) ml, lengths of stay was (7.7+/-2.3) d. No postoperative neurological deficits or wound infection occured. One case occurred subcutaneous fluid of incision and 1 case occurred delayed healing of incision. Fifteen patients were followed up with an average of 16.7 months (12-33 months). The VAS score improved from preoperative 8.3+/-1.7 to 1.8+/-1.2 at final follow up (P<0.05). The ODI of last follow-up was (10.0+/-1.2)%. Three-dimensional CT reconstructions and X-rays showed the height of vertebral body increased from preoperative (54.0+/-17.1)% to (82.7 - 3.5)% at 12 months after operation (P<0.05). Cobb angle of kyphosis changed from preoperative (23.0+/-13.1) to (6.9+/-5.1) degrees at 12 months after operation (P<0.05). The healing time of fracture was (4.7+/-0.3) months. There were no significant loss of vertebral height or kyphosis correction between postoperative 1 months and last follow-up (P>0.05). There were satisfactory fracture reduction and good position of internal fixation,and no loss of reduction within 12 months and no fixation failure in follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The minimally invasive percutaneous cannulated pedicle screw fixation technique is feasible in treatment of thoracolumbar flexion-distraction fracture without neurologic impairment. This technique can avoid re -injury of posterior ligaments and bone structure, and may rebuild posterior tension band structure with the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding,shorter operative time, rapid postoperative recovery and so on.</p>

The value of modified POSSUM scoring system in predicting mortality and morbidity for the intertrochanteric fracture in elder patients / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of modified physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system in predicting mortality and morbidity for the intertrochanteric fracture in elder patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted over a period of nearly 2 years from January 2007 to December 2008. Complete data from 119 patients were analyzed to compare the mortality and morbidity predicted by the POSSUM and the observed mortality and morbidity. POSSUM risk was calculated using the original POSSUM equation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>POSSUM predicted 11(9.2%) deaths, which had no statistical significance with the observed mortality 5 (4.2%) (chi² = 2.412, P = 0.120). The estimated incidence of postoperative complications was 42 (35.3%), which also has no statistical significance with the observed morbidity 39 (32.8%) (chi² = 0.168, P = 0.682).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The modified POSSUM scoring system can predict accurately postoperative mortality and morbidity for the patients underwent intertrochanteric fracture and it predict more accurately in high risk band. The physiological score can be used to evaluate the physiological conditions preoperative and the pulmonary disease is the most important factor lead to death of the elder patients underwent intertrochanteric fracture.</p>