Transmission of respiratory viruses when using public ground transport: A rapid review to inform public health recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous countries worldwide declared national states of emergency and implemented interventions to minimise the risk of transmission among the public. Evidence was needed to inform strategies for limiting COVID-19 transmission on public transport. On 20 March 2020, we searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and the World Health Organization's database of 'Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)' to conduct a rapid review on interventions that reduce viral transmission on public ground transport. After screening 74 records, we identified 4 eligible studies. These studies suggest an increased risk of viral transmission with public transportation use that may be reduced with improved ventilation. International and national guidelines suggest the following strategies: keep the public informed, stay at home when sick, and minimise public transport use. Where use is unavoidable, environmental control, respiratory etiquette and hand hygiene are recommended, while a risk-based approach needs to guide the use of non-medical masks

Aspectos clinicos y hematologicos iniciales de la leucemia en el nino. / Initial clinical and hematological aspects of leukemia in children

Se analizan las caracteristicas clinicas y hematologicas iniciales de 94 pacientes (44 ninos y 50 ninas) con leucemia aguda tratados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios entre 1964 y 1978. Se observo un franco predominio de los pre-escolares. El tipo citologico predominante correspondio a leucemia aguda linfoblastica (82%, 77 casos). La forma polisindromatica se presento en el 93,6% de los casos (88 pacientes) con combinacion variable de los cuatro sindromes caracteristicos de esta enfermedad: anemico, purpurico, febril e infiltrativo. Solo un 6.4% tenia un solo sindrome presente en el momento del diagnostico. La leucemia aleucemica es de muy baja frecuencia observandose solo en 5 pacientes. Dos casos de leucemia aleucemica presentaron un cuadro clinico y de laboratorio inicial de aplasia medular lo que produjo problemas diagnosticos que se resolvieron practicando mielogramas sucesivos. En el resto de los casos el mielograma inicial confirmo el diagnostico que habia sido planteado por los hallazgos clinicos y del hemograma