Conservation of matrix protein genes in rabies viruses circulating in South Korea since 1999

Rabies virus (RABV) causes a neurological disease in warm-blooded animals that is nearly always fatal. In this study, we analyzed the matrix (M) genes in 10 Korean street RABV strains isolated from two Provinces during 2011–2013. The M genes in these 10 Korean strains were highly conserved during 1999–2013. Phylogenetic analysis revealed they were closely related to the M genes of RABVs isolated in northeastern China. Specific amino acid substitutions were identified in the KRVB1206, KRVF1301, and BV9901PJ strains. However, functional domains, including those involved in virus production and pathogenicity, were conserved in all 10 strains.

AAD-2004 Attenuates Progressive Neuronal Loss in the Brain of Tg-betaCTF99/B6 Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that proceeds with the age-dependent neuronal loss, an irreversible event which causes severe cognitive and psychiatric devastations. In the present study, we investigated whether the compound, AAD-2004 [2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylaminobenzoic acid] which has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is beneficial for the brain of Tg-betaCTF99/B6 mice, a murine AD model that was recently developed to display age-dependent neuronal loss and neuritic atrophy in the brain. Administration of AAD-2004 in Tg-betaCTF99/B6 mice from 10 months to 18 months of age completely repressed the accumulation of lipid peroxidation in the brain. AAD-2004 markedly suppressed neuronal loss and neuritic atrophy, and partially reversed depleted expression of calbindin in the brain of Tg-beta-CTF99/B6. These results suggest that AAD-2004 affords neurodegeneration in the brain of AD mouse model.

The Life of Elderly Women Living Alone

PURPOSE: This study aimed to uncover the fundamental nature of living alone in female elderly. METHODS: The phenomenological research approach developed by van Manen was adopted. RESULTS: The theme was 'taking a firm stand alone on the edges of life'. The composition elements of living alone experienced by elderly women were as follows: 1) Corporeality: participants perceived their bodies by their health status. Unhealthy participants were suffering with diseases and dependant on other persons, while healthy participants were free from family responsibility and kept on moving. 2) Spatiality: participants felt both freedom and loneliness while they stayed home. 3) Relationality: participants felt pity and yearning for their bereaved husband and sometimes talked to his picture. According to their children's filial piety, participants were pleased or displeased. However, they incessantly devoted themselves to their children. 4) Temporality: participants considered the rest of their life as extra-time which was proceeding to death, and tried to keep themselves busy before they died. CONCLUSION: A nurse should understand the multifarious aspects of elderly women's life, and then intervene to consolidate their strengths for self-supporting the final years of life.

Application of Differex(TM) system and FTA(R) technology to separation of sperm DNA from mixed stains / 대한법의학회지

Specimens from sexual crimes are generally mixed stains consisted of sperm cells(from suspect) and virginal cells(from victim). We have combined two new methods - Differex(TM) system and FTA(R) technology- to overcome shortcomings of method that has been used before to separate sperm DNA from mixed stains. This methods have shown additional benefits and similar quality than using the only Differex(TM) system to the experiment. The result of our experiment represents the possibility that Differex(TM) system and FTA(R) technology would be useful methods for DNA analysis related to sexual crimes because this system can save time, labor and contamination for experiments.

Lithium Potentiates the FeCl2 Induced Free Radical Injury in Primary Mouse Cortical Cell Culture / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVES: For the past half century, lithium has been used for the acute and prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder and recurrent depression. Recently, new pharmacological effects of Li+ have appeared, showing that Li+ can influence neuronal injury. We tested the effects of Li+ on free radical induced neuronal injury in primary murine cortical cell cultures. METHODS: Cortical cells were prepared from fetal mice (embryonic day 15) and exposed to 30 micrometer Fe2+ alone or with 5 mM Li+ or 5 mM Li+ alone for 24 hrs at Days in vitro (DIV) 14. Neuronal death was analyzed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into media. The fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCF) was measured in as a mean of estimating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS: Li+ alone does not produce neuronal injury itself but it potentiates Fe2+-induced neuronal injury through increasing the production of free radical. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the effects of Li+ on neuronal survivorship may be injury type dependent and Li+ potentiate the free radical injury. Therefore in practice clinician should be cautious in using the lithium in the treatment of brain injured patients.

Patients' Lived Experience in Rehabilitating from Stroke / 재활간호학회지

Stroke is known as a detrimental disease that leaves serious sequelae. The stroke patients suffer from limitations of physical and social activities. The patients try to adapt themselves to the limitations in order to achieve rehabilitation. This study was performed to clarify the lived experience of rehabilitation from the stroke patients. In collecting data for this study. in- depth personal interviews were made by a researcher from February to April in 2001 at rehabilitation clinics and physical therapy centers locate in Iksan city. The methodological approach was van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology in order to understand the meaning and nature of stroke patients' experiences in rehabilitating their physical limitations. Collected data were analyzed logical way of study that was of study that was develope by ban Manen. The 8 patients who agreed to participate in this research were interviewed by researcher under the private and comfortable environment. Personal interviews were done three or five times per each patients and each interview took 70 to 90 minutes. The statements were analyzed and finally revealed three essential themes: Theme 1 - Desperateness to achieve freedom again Theme 2 - Seizing hope of recovering Theme 3 - Seeking support from family members, relatives and friends Based on these themes, stroke patients' rehabilitation experience are described as following. The stroke patients have strong desire to achieve freedom again in order to escape from social isolation. The stroke patients want to go back to the state of their previous health state. The stroke patients strongly try to do anything for their recovering and also to have positive thinking. In the other hand. they feel pity for themselves through desperation, fear, sorrow, and self-pity. The stroke patients have dissatisfaction about neighbors' rumor and attitude toward themselves. The stroke patients have experiences to rely on neighbors' support seeking a warm word of consolation. This research showed us that van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology leads us to understand stroke patients' rehabilitation process more comprehensibly. Based on this research, it is suggested that further studies provide a foundation for the development of a rehabilitation theory for Korean stroke patients.

Clinical Study of the Pelvic Masses in Reproductive Ages / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

A Case of Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery in a Woman with Bicornuate Uterus 3 weeks after Expelling the Decidual Cast due to Spurious Labor of Contralateral Horn / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Adaptation Process of The Family with Hemodialysis / 재활간호학회지

Hemodialysis is a way of treatment for the patients with acute and chronic renal failure. Marginal man depicts the enormous amount of stress that hemodialytic patients suffer. It is known that family with chronic illness get stressed along with the patients and they need nursing care also. This qualitative study was conducted in order to identify the family adaptation process in patients with hemodialysis. 6 dyads of hemodialytic patients and caregivers were interviewed for this research. By way of grounded theoretical strategy the data was collected from October 20, 1999 to November 20, 1999, at a hemodialytic unit that was located in Iksan, Chonbuk by the researcher. The main research questions were What's the adaptation experience of a patient since after being received with hemodialysis? to the patients, and What's the family adaptation experience of hemodialysis? to the caregivers. The collected data was analyzed by grounded theoretical strategy built by Glaser & Strauss in 1967. Results were as follows; 7 grounded concepts were observed from the patients with hemodialysis and 4 grounded concepts were found from the caregivers. Two categories were derived ; 1) Holding hope that is related with treatment 2) Changing a value system

Continuous Epidural Block for Perioperative Pain Control and Treatment of Herpes Zoster - Two Cases Report / 대한마취과학회지

Continuous epidural block was used for pain control during and after operation and for herpes zoster in two cases. A 63 year old male patient with herpes zoster on the right T 12 level for 2 weeks was treated by continuous epidural block. After 10 days, elective right inguinal hernioplasty was performed under epidural blocks by the previously inserted catheter. Postoperative pain and herpes zoster have been controlled in the same manner. Two weeks later, he was discharged without post-herpetic sequelae. The second case, a 82 year old man, was admitted with dysuria and also herpes zoster on the right T 10 level for 10 days. Using only continuous epidural block, suprapubic prostatectomy was done and post-operative pain was controlled. Two days later, the catheter was removed by the urological department. However, two weeks after operation, post-herpetic neuralgia developed and continuous epidural block was restarted for 2 weeks. Then epidural methylprednisolone injection, 2 times, and transcutaneous electrical stimulations were required for 3 more months for complete recovery. This indicated that continuous epidural block was beneficial not only for the treatment of herpes zoster but also for the prevention of post-herpetic neuralgia.

A Clinical Study of Halothane Induced Hypotension for Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

For lesions like intracranial aneurysms which are located near highly vascularized regions, adequate dissection becomes almost impossible unless local blood flow can be reduced. Deliberate hypotension, purposefully lowering the arterial pressure to a level at which bleeding is no longer a problem, facilitates surgery, allows performance of a better dissection, and shortens the length of the procedure. Currently, the most useful method for induced hypotensive anesthesia is the use of chemical drugs, such as trimethaphan, nitroprusside and halothane. Induced hypotension with halothane has been reported to be a relatively safe and useful method by Murtagh (1960) and Schettini, et al (1967). Halothane has the effect of depression of myocardial contractility, central autonomic inhibition, ganglionic blocking action and suppression of the peripheral actions of norepinephrine and direct vasodilation on the vessel wall. The advantage of halothane is the reduction of mean arterial pressure slowly (1-3 mm Hg/min) and it has a transient effect on EKG, little effect on brain cortical function and appropriate oxygen supply to brain tissue. The halothane induced hypotension in 100 cases of intracranial aneurysm surgery, which were performed at Severance Hospital of the Yonsei University College of Medicine from .1972 to 1977, was investigated clinically. The results of our study were as follows: 1) The locations of intracranial aneurysm in order were the anterior cerebral artery (37 cases), internal carotid artery (35 cases), middle cerebral artery (23 cases) and posterior cerebral artey (2 cases). Three cases of multiple cerebral aneurysm were found in our study. 2) In the hypotensive phase, the mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 73. 45 mmHg+/- 0. 86, 54. 95 mmHg+/- 0. 86 and the mean duration was 34. 74 min+/- l. 60. 3) The blood pressure control by halothane was comparatively easy and there was no cliaical evidence of direct injury to the brain, heart, kidney and liver due to halothane induced hypotension. 4) The mortality rate in the 100 cases of the intracranial aneurysm was 16 percent. From the above observation it may be concluded that the technique of deliberate hypotension induced by halothane anesthesia is a useful method in the surgery of intracranial aneurysm.

Effects of General Anesthetics on the pH of Gastric Juice / 대한마취과학회지

The pulmonary acid aspiration syndrome has been well known in clinical practice of medicine. In 1946 Mendelson first reported aspiration pneumonitis in obstetric services, resulting from aspiration of gastric contents into the respiratory tract due to vomiting and regurgitation during general anesthesia. lt is suggested that the critical pH for the development of the acid aspiration syndrome in .humans is 2.50 Bannister and Sattilaro, 1962; Vandam, 1965). MacKrell and Schwartz (1969) studied the H+ secretory rate of isolated gastric mucosa and found that all anesthetic agents can produce a dose dependent decrease in H secretion to the point of total abolishment. Meanwhile, Christensen and Skovsted (19753 pointed out that pH changes of gastric contents by various anesthetic agents (hslothane, cyclopropane and fluroxene) were caused by the effects of general anesthetic agents on the autonomic nervous system, rather than by direct effects on the gastric mucosa, when the level of anesthesia depth was kept same. The present study was undertaken to in vestigate the effects of general anesthetic agents (halothane, diethyl ether and methoxyflurane) on the pH of gastric juice during clinical anesthesia. Sixty patients were studied, and they were divided into 6 groups according to the kinds of premedicant drugs and anesthetic agents administered. Gastric juice, aspirated through a Levine tube, was examined for pH and volume at regular intervals during the study. The results of this study were summerixed as follows; 1. During halothane anesthesia, the pH of gastric juice increased gradually as time passed, and in the group who had diazepam and atropine sulfate premedication, the pH value 30 minutes after indoction of anesthesia was 2. 53+/-0. 27, which was statistically significant (p<0. 05) as compared to the control value (1. 82+/-0. 08). 2. In comparison between the groups who had diaxepam and .atropine sulfate premedication and diaxepam premedicstion only during halothaae anesthesia, the pH value 60 minutes after anesthesia was 3. 64+/-0. 48 for the former group and 2. 41+/-0. 32 for the latter group. 3. During diethyl ether or Penthrane (methoxyflurane) anesthesia, the pH of gastric juice showed a little inconstant variation which was not significant statistically. 4. The volume of gastric juice showed a tendency to be somewhat less in amount in the group. who had diazepam and atropine sulfate premedication as compared to the group who had diazepam premedication. From the data shown above, it may be concluded that during halothane anesthesia, especially with diazepam and atropine sulfate premedication, the pH of gastric juice can be maintained at a higher level than when under diethyl ether or methoxyflurane anesthesia.