A Case of Herpes Simplex Keratitis after Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty

PURPOSE: We report a case of herpes simplex keratitis after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). CASE SUMMARY: A 67-year-old male underwent DMEK in his left eye due to pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. One week after DMEK, re-bubbling was performed due to partial detachment of Descemet's membrane at the corneal periphery. After re-bubbling, the cornea remained clear and the patient's visual acuity gradually improved. Two months after DMEK, the patient presented with mild discomfort and decreased visual acuity. The cornea showed an irregular, narrow dendrite with an epithelial defect and surrounding opacity. After confirming that Descemet's membrane was attached, the patient was started on oral valacyclovir for suspected herpes keratitis. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was eventually identified by polymerase chain reaction. The corneal lesion resolved after three weeks of antiviral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to penetrating keratoplasty, DMEK can trigger outbreaks of herpes simplex keratitis. Herpes simplex keratitis should remain on the clinician's differential diagnosis for patients who present with a corneal epithelial irregularity and decreased visual acuity following DMEK.

Two Cases of Corneal Edema Due to Vaporized Amine

PURPOSE: We report two cases of corneal edema in patients who presented with bilateral blurry vision due to vaporized amines while working in a polyurethane processing plant. CASE SUMMARY: A 28-year-old male presented with bilateral blurred vision. His work involved solidifying polyurethane liquid and he often found himself exposed to polyurethane heat and gas. On examination, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/40 (right) and 30/50 (left). A slit lamp examination revealed subepithelial microbullae in both eyes. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was also increased in both eyes, measuring 698 µm (right) and 672 µm (left). After prescribing 0.5% moxifloxacin and, 1% fluorometholone eye drops for 3 days in both eyes, the UCVA recovered to 20/40 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT decreased to 644 µm (right) and 651 µm (left), and the microbullae improved significantly in the left eye. The second patient was a 34-year-old female who presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity while at work. She worked in a factory that produced car seat filling. Her UCVA was 20/25 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT by specular microscopy was 537 µm (right) and 541 µm (left). On slit lamp examination, both eyes demonstrated bilateral central subepithelial edema. The patient did not attend any follow-up outpatient appointments after the initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to vaporized amines such as polyurethane may causereversible corneal toxicityeven without direct contact. Further consideration should be given to ocular safety and protection from amine compounds in the industrial field.