Co-delivery of photosensitizer and diclofenac through sequentially responsive bilirubin nanocarriers for combating hypoxic tumors

Considering that photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced oxygen consumption and microvascular damage could exacerbate hypoxia to drive more glycolysis and angiogenesis, a novel approach to potentiate PDT and overcome the resistances of hypoxia is avidly needed. Herein, morpholine-modified PEGylated bilirubin was proposed to co-deliver chlorin e6, a photosensitizer, and diclofenac (Dc). In acidic milieu, the presence of morpholine could enable the nanocarriers to selectively accumulate in tumor cells, while PDT-generated reactive oxidative species (ROS) resulted in the collapse of bilirubin nanoparticles and rapid release of Dc. Combining with Dc showed a higher rate of apoptosis over PDT alone and simultaneously triggered a domino effect, including blocking the activity and expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), interfering with lactate secretion, suppressing the activation of various angiogenic factors and thus obviating hypoxia-induced resistance-glycolysis and angiogenesis. In addition, inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by Dc alleviated hypoxia-induced resistance. This study offered a sequentially responsive platform to achieve sufficient tumor enrichment, on-demand drug release and superior anti-tumor outcomes in vitro and in vivo.

Analysis on psychoactive substances use in men who have sex with men in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the use of psychoactive substances and its related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in MSM recruited in Tianjin by snowball sampling from September 2017 to December 2020, the information about their social demographic information, use of psychoactive substances and behavioral characteristics were collected, meanwhile the blood samples were taken from them for HIV/syphilis detections. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore related factors about psychoactive substances use. Results: A total of 9 218 MSM were included in the study, in whom 43.5% (4 013/9 218) had ever used psychoactive substances, including 92.6% (3 718/4 013)who used Rush and 17.2% (692/4 013) who used multi substances. Multivariate analysis showed that, the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who were in Han ethnic group was 0.68 (95%CI:0.51-0.91) compared with those who were in minor ethnic group; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who were married or cohabited, divorced or widowed were 0.65 (95%CI: 0.57-0.71), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.65-0.97) respectively compared with those who were unmarried; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had the first homosexual sex at age of ≥30 years was 0.57 (95%CI: 0.44-0.74) compared with those who had the first homosexual sex at age of <30 years; the OR of psychoactive substances use in local MSM in Tianjin was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03-1.23) compared with those who were not local residents in Tianjin; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM with education level of college or above was 1.29 (95%CI: 1.12-1.49) compared with those with education level of junior middle school or below; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had anal sex in the past six months was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.34-2.77) compared with those who had no anal sex; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had >2 homosexual partners in the last week was 1.62 (95%CI: 1.41-1.87) compared with those who had ≤2 homosexual partners; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had homosexual commercial sex in the past six months was 1.99 (95%CI: 1.62-2.45) compared with those who had no homosexual commercial sex; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had sexually transmitted diseases in the last year was 2.39 (95%CI: 1.82-3.12) compared with those who had no sexually transmitted diseases and the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who received peer education services in the last year was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.50-1.78) compared with those who received no peer education services. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychoactive substances use is high in MSM in Tianjin, and there are many influencing factors. It is necessary to conduct targeted interventions according to the influencing factors.

CHINA PH ARMACY Volume 33，Number 14，July 30，2022 Semimonthly Table of Contents Analysis of pediatric drug policies in China on the basis of policy tools / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide refere nce for the optimization and adjustment of the relevant policies in the field of pediatric drug in China. METHODS“Children”“pediatrics”and“drugs”were taken as the keywords to search the official websites of the State Council ，the National Health Commission ，the National Healthcare Security Administration ，the State Administration of Market Regulation and other relevant ministries and commissions ，and collect the relevant pediatric drug policies issued at the national level from January 1，2010 to December 31，2021. Content analysis method was used to summarize ，code and statistically analyze the policy tools used in the policy research documents. RESULTS A total of 39 policy documents and 327 policy tools were included in this study. According to statistics ，from 2011 to 2021，China issued national policy documents on pediatric drug use every year ，and in recent years ，the issuance of documents was relatively intensive. The main body of issuing pediatric drugs policy was the national health department and drug supervision and administration department （71.79％，28/39），and the number of documents issued by relevant ministries and commissions alone （76.92％，30/39）was significantly more than the number of documents jointly issued by multiple ministries and commissions （23.08％，9/39）. The environmental policy tools were the most widely used （64.83％，212/327），followed by s upply-oriented policy tools （30.28％，99/327），and demand-oriented policy tools were the least used （4.89％，16/327）. CONCLUSIONS The development of pediatric drug use in China is in its infancy. It is suggested that China should optimize supply-oriented policy tools，increase capital investment and the use of public health service tools ；adjust environmental policy tools ，accelerate the legislation of pediatric drugs ，and increase the proportion of incentive policy tool ；attach importance to demand-oriented policy tools ，strengthen international exchanges and the application of service outsourcing in the field of pediatric medication ；plan the use of various policy tools as a whole ，and coordinate the use proportion of three types of policy tool and their sub policy tools，so as to enhance the initiative of policy tools ，form policy synergy ，and jointly promote the development of pediatric drug use.

Preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and influencing factors for follow-up compliance: a multicenter investigation / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and the influencing factors for follow-up compliance.@*METHODS@#A multicenter retrospective case-control study was performed for the cases from the multicenter clinical database of 12 units in the Quality Improvement Clinical Research Cooperative Group of Neonatal Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Jiangsu Province of China from January 2019 to April 2021. According to whether the follow-up of neonatal jaundice was conducted on time after discharge from the department of obstetrics, the neonates were divided into two groups: good follow-up compliance and poor follow-up compliance. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for follow-up compliance of the neonates before admission.@*RESULTS@#A total of 545 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were included in the study, with 156 neonates (28.6%) in the good follow-up compliance group and 389 (71.4%) in the poor follow-up compliance group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low gestational age at birth, ≥10% reduction in body weight on admission compared with birth weight, history of phototherapy of siblings, history of exchange transfusion of siblings, Rh(-) blood type of the mother, a higher educational level of the mother, the use of WeChat official account by medical staff to remind of follow-up before discharge from the department of obstetrics, and the method of telephone notification to remind of follow-up after discharge were associated with the increase in follow-up compliance (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Poor follow-up compliance is observed for the neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics, which suggests that it is necessary to further strengthen the education of jaundice to parents before discharge and improve the awareness of jaundice follow-up. It is recommended to remind parents to follow up on time by phone or WeChat official account.

Analysis on research hotspots and frontier in domestic evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the research sta tus，hotspots and frontier trends in the field of domestic evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine ，and to provide reference for the development of this field. METHODS Retrieved from CJFD ，VIP and Wanfang database ，CiteSpace software and bibliometrics method were used to statistically analyze the annual quantity of documents published ，authors，institutions，and keywords ，etc. RESULTS A total of 3 154 papers were included in this study ，and the annual number of papers presented an overall upward trend. The author with the highest number of papers was Liu Jianping ， who published 106 papers and was closely connected with other authors. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine were highly productive institutions ，with more than 100 articles published each and a relatively wide range of cooperation. Evidence-based medicine ，Traditional Chinese Medicine ， evaluation，evidence-based nursing ，review，medical education ，clinical research and other high-frequency keywords （frequency of more than 100 times each ）formed hot topics of research. CONCLUSIONS The research of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine in China has been paid more and more attention ；“evidence-based medicine ”“traditional Chinese medicine ” “evidence-based nursing ”and“clinical research ”are the research hotspots.

Expression and functional SNP loci screen of ATM from coal worker's pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To detect of gene expression and genotype of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) from coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) , It is explored whether CWP is related to ATM gene. Methods: In October 2020, the relevant information of 264 subjects who received physical examination or medical treatment in the Department of occupational diseases of Guiyang public health treatment center from January 2019 to September 2020 was collected. Through the occupational health examination, 67 healthy people with no history of exposure to occupational hazards were selected as the healthy control group; The coal miners with more than 10 years of coal dust exposure history and small shadow in the lung but not up to the diagnostic criteria were the dust exposure control group, a total of 66 people; The patients with the same history of coal dust exposure and confirmed stage I were coal worker's pneumoconiosis stage I group, a total of 131 people. The expression of ATM was detected by QRT PCR. ATM rs189037 and rs1801516 were genotyped by massarray. Results: There was significant difference in the expression of ATM among the groups (P<0.05) ; Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of ATM in the dust exposed control group was significantly increased (P<0.05) . With the occurrence and development of CWP, the GG of rs189037 wild type decreased, the GA of mutant heterozygote and AA of homozygote increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) ; Rs1801516 wild type GG and mutant heterozygote GA had no significant changes (P>0.05) . There were significant differences in age, neutrophils and basophils among rs189037 groups (all P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in blood pressure, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, smoking and drinking history among rs189037 groups (all P>0.05) . Compared with wild-type GG, the or of mutant heterozygotes and homozygotes increased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) . Conclusion: ATM gene may be one of the early activation genes of CWP and rs189037 may be the functional loci which affects gene expression. ATM gene is related to inflammatory response, Neutrophils and basophils have an impact on the development of CWP.

Recent research on the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease due to impaired pulmonary development and is one of the main causes of respiratory failure in preterm infants. Preterm infants with BPD have significantly higher complication and mortality rates than those without BPD. At present, comprehensive management is the main intervention method for BPD, including reasonable respiratory and circulatory support, appropriate enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition, application of caffeine/glucocorticoids/surfactants, and out-of-hospital management after discharge. The continuous advances in stem cell medicine in recent years provide new ideas for the treatment of BPD. Various pre-clinical trials have confirmed that stem cell therapy can effectively prevent lung injury and promote lung growth and damage repair. This article performs a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of BPD, so as to provide a basis for clinical applications.

Study on the policies for the development of traditional Chinese medicine injection in China based on the per- spective of policy tools / 中国药房

OBJE CTIVE To provide reference for the adjustment and optimization of the policies related to traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）injection in China. METHODS The policies related to TCM injections issued at the national level were collected from Jan. 1，1990 to May 31，2021. Based on the perspective of policy tool ，the content analysis and quantitative analysis were used to classify ，code and analyze the policy terms according to “policy serial number-chapter number-specific terms ”. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Totally 30 policy documents related to TCM injection were included ， with a total of 389 codes. Environment-based policy tools were the most widely used （79.95％），followed by supply-oriented policy tools ，accounting for 15.42％. Demand-based policy tools accounted for the least proportion （4.63％）. Among environment-based policy tools ，the regulatory and control policy tools （38.05％） received more attention，and the policy publicity （2.06％） received fewer applications. Among supply-oriented policy tools ，there were more applications of science and technology support （10.80％）， and fewer applications of capital investment （0.26％）. Among demand- based policy tools ，organizational coordination was the most widely used （3.34％），followed by experience demonstration （1.29％），which had not yet involved the relevant policies of international exchange. In order to promote the development of TCM injection ，it is necessary to appropriately reduce the application of environment-based policy tools ，increase the application of policies such as policy publicity ，and improve the external environment for TCM injection ；optimize the internal combination of supply-oriented policy tools ，increase the use of capital investment tools ，and effectively play the role of policy boosting；emphasize the application of demand-based policy XJY21013） tools to form an effective policy pulling force for the healthy development of TCM injection.

Molecular mechanism of WRKY12 in regulating plant development / 生物工程学报

WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription factors in higher plants and involved in regulating multiple and complex growth and development processes in plants. WRKY12 is a typical member of WRKY family. This article summarizes recent research progresses on the regulatory mechanism of WRKY12 in multiple growth and development processes, and analyzes the functional differences between WRKY12 and WRKY13. It provides a useful reference for further studying the molecular mechanism of WRKY12 in plant complex developments. It also provides clearer research ideas and reference strategies for exploring the self-regulation of other WRKY member and the mutual regulatory relationships between different WRKY family genes.

Implication of enhanced recovery after surgery in the surgical management of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the clinical management of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC). Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 168 patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2015 to January 2019 were divided into two groups, based on the different perioperative interventions that patients received, i.e. the ERAS group (n=64) and the conventional group (n=104), including 164 males and 4 females, whose ages ranged from 42 to 84 years old. The difference between two groups in the operative time, postoperative nutritional status, incidences of postoperative complications and postoperative hospitalization time were compared using the student's t test, Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Compared with the conventional group, patients in the ERAS group had significantly shorter operative time [(166.8±58.2) min vs. (183.3±39.9) min,t=-2.72, P=0.031], higher levels of postoperative serum albumin [(38.3±4.2) μmol/L vs. (36.6±3.3) μmol/L, t=2.73, P=0.007] and more body weight [(65.4±9.4) kg vs. (62.1±9.4) kg, t=2.22, P=0.028], lower incidences of postoperative subcutaneous infection [7.8% (5/64) vs. 20.2% (21/104), χ²=4.64, P=0.03] and severe pneumonia [4.7% (3/64) vs. 15.4% (16/104), χ²=4.52, P=0.03], and shorter postoperative hospitalization time [(16.5±3.9) d vs. (18.2±4.3) d, t=-2.65, P<0.05]. Conclusion: ERAS is effective and safe in the surgical management of HSCC, with benefits in reducing the operative stress via saving operation time, shortening the hospitalization time, ameliorating nutritional status and decreasing the incidences of complications.

Impact of menstrual status on the apparent diffusion coefficient of different pathological types of cervical cancer / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore the impact of menstrual status on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Methods: MRI and DWI data of 352 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed, including 317 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 35 with cervical adenocarcinoma. Among 352 patients, 177 were premenopausal and 175 were menopausal. The maximum ADC (ADCmax), minimum ADC (ADCmin) and mean ADC (ADCmean) values of the lesions were measured and recorded at the maximum level of cervical carcinoma on ADC images. ADC values were compared between cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, also between postmenopausal and pre-menopausal patients, further between cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in postmenopausal and pre-menopausal patients. Results: The ADCmin and ADCmean values of cervical squamous cell carcinoma were lower than those of adenocarcinoma (t=-2.05, -2.28, both P0.05). The ADCmin, ADCmean and ADCmax values of premenopausal patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma were higher than those of postmenopausal patients (t=-3.96, -2.53, -2.78 and t=-3.71, -1.15, -5.01, all P<0.05). Conclusion: ADC values of cervical cancers are different with different pathologic types, which affected by the menstrual statue of patients. ADC value of adenocarcinoma is higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma in pre-menopausal patients, while is similar in post-menopausal patients. ADC values of cervical cancers in pre-menopausal patients are higher than those in post-menopausal patients.

Differential expression analysis and regulatory network construction of miRNA and genes in osteoporosis / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in the development and regression of osteoporosis. This study aims to screen for miRNAs and genes closely related to osteoporosis, and to complete the construction of a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of osteoporosis.MethodsThe gene chip expression profile of osteoporosis was obtained through the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs were analyzed and screened via GEO2R. We used volcanic maps to display differential genes and miRNAs, and completed the GO and KEGG pathway analysis through the David online database. The String online database is used to complete PPI protein network analysis. The TargetScan, miRTarBase and miRDB were used to predict the targeted genes. Finally, the PPI and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were visualized by Cytoscape software.ResultsWe obtained 15 differential miRNAs and 174 differentially expressed genes through screening. The GO enrichment analysis mainly focused on drug response, angiogenesis, ion transport, regulation of small GTPase mediated signal ransduction, adaptive immune response, etc. NF-κB signaling pathway and HIF-1 signal were obtained through KEGG enrichment analysis. We obtained 10 hub genes through the cytohubba plug-in. We also obtained 3065 targeted genes by processing of seven miRNAs, and then intersected them with 174 DEGs to obtain 44 intersection genes. Finally, we successfully constructed a regulation map of miRNA-mRNA network. The miR-194-5p is significantly up-regulated in osteoporosis.ConclusionThe miR-194-5p might play an important role in osteoporosis by regulating its target gene CDH2, which provides candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

An investigation of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in 13 hospitals of Jiangsu Province, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and the management on the treatment and follow-up of this disease in Jiangsu Province, China.@*METHODS@#The neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia who were admitted to 13 hospitals in Jiangsu Province from January to December, 2018, were enrolled as subjects. A retrospective analysis was performed on their mediacal data and follow-up data.@*RESULTS@#In 2018, 740 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were reported from the 13 hospitals in Jiangsu Province, accounting for 2.70% (740/27 386) of the total number of neonates admitted to the department of neonatology. Among these neonates, 620 (83.8%) had severe hyperbilirubinemia, 106 (14.3%) had extremely severe hyperbilirubinemia, and 14 (1.9%) had hazardous hyperbilirubinemia. Four neonates (0.5%) were diagnosed with acute bilirubin encephalopathy. A total of 484 neonates (65.4%) were readmitted due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the delivery institution, with a median age of 7 days, among whom 214 (44.2%) were followed up for jaundice at the outpatient service before readmission, with a median age of 6 days at the first time of outpatient examination. During hospitalization, 211 neonates (28.5%) underwent cranial MRI examinations, among whom 85 (40.3%) had high T1WI signal in the bilateral basal ganglia and the globus pallidus; 238 neonates (32.2%) underwent brainstem auditory evoked potential examinations, among whom 14 (5.9%) passed only at one side and 7 (2.9%) failed at both sides. The 17 neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy or hazardous hyperbilirubinemia were followed up. Except one neonate was lost to follow-up, and there were no abnormal neurological symptoms in the other neonates.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia account for a relatively high proportion of the total number of neonates in the department of neonatology. Jaundice monitoring and management after discharge from delivery institutions need to be strengthened. For neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, relevant examinations should be carried out more comprehensively during hospitalization and these neonates should be followed up comprehensively and systematically after discharge.

The association between the two more common genetic causes of spermatogenic failure: a 7-year retrospective study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions are considered to be the two more common genetic causes of spermatogenic failure. However, the relationship between chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletions is still unclear. This study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men, and to explore whether there was a correlation between the two genetic defects of spermatogenic failure. A 7-year retrospective study was conducted on 5465 infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by standard G-banding techniques. Y chromosome microdeletions were screened by multiplex PCR amplification with six specific sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. Among the 5465 infertile men analyzed, 371 (6.8%) had Y chromosome microdeletions and the prevalence of microdeletions in azoospermia was 10.5% (259/2474) and in severe oligozoospermia was 6.3% (107/1705). A total of 4003 (73.2%) infertile men underwent karyotyping; 370 (9.2%) had chromosomal abnormalities and 222 (5.5%) had chromosomal polymorphisms. Karyotype analysis was performed on 272 (73.3%) patients with Y chromosome microdeletions and 77 (28.3%) had chromosomal aberrations, all of which involved sex chromosomes but not autosomes. There was a significant difference in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities between men with and without Y chromosome microdeletions (P< 0.05).

New progress in anti-norovirus drugs and vaccines / 药学学报

Norovirus (NoV) is the main pathogen causing the global acute gastroenteritis in humans and NoV infection has become an important public health problem that threatens human health. Because of the lack of appropriate animal models and in vitro cell culture models, the development of NoV biology and antiviral research has been restricted, and there is currently no effective antiviral drug or vaccine against NoV. In the past few years, considerable progress has been made toward the development of norovirus antivirals. This review selects the most representative research examples and provides an overview of recent advances in anti-norovirus drugs and vaccines.

Association Between Homocysteine Level and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Accompanied by Dyslipidemia / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the association between total homocysteine (tHcy) level in plasma and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C genetic polymorphisms in a Chinese Han nationality population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by dyslipidemia. Methods This case-control study enrolled T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and without dyslipidemia respectively. Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain-termination method was used to detect the gene polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and A1298C. Plasma tHcy and lipid levels were measured as well. The genotype frequency and allele frequency between the dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia groups were compared by using Chi-square test. Plasma tHcy level of T2DM patients who carried the different genotypes was compared by Student's t test. Results Finally, 82 T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and 94 ones without dyslipidemia were included in this study. There was a significant correlation between tHcy level and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism in T2DM patients (t=2.27, P=0.02). Moreover, the plasma tHcy level in the dyslipidemia patients who carried MTHFR 677 TT genotype was significantly higher than that in those with CT+CC genotype (13.62±6.97 vs. 10.95±3.62 μmol/L, t=2.20, P=0.03); while for patients without dyslipidemia, comparison of the tHcy level between those who carried the above two alleles showed no significantly difference (13.34±6.03 vs. 12.04±5.09 μmol/L, t=1.08, P=0.29). Conclusion MTHFR 677TT genotype might associate with higher tHcy level in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia.

Research progress of adalimumab in pediatric Crohn ′s disease / 国际儿科学杂志

Adalimumab is an anti-TNF-α recombinant IgG1, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody binding soluble human tumor necrosis factor alpha with high affinity and specificity.It has lower immunogenicity and can be used clinically for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn′s disease.The effectiveness, sustainability and safety of adalimumab in the treatment of pediatric Crohn′s disease has been gradually confirmed, which may pave the way for new therapy to treat children with refractory Crohn′s disease.

TheCTfindingsandpathologicalfeaturesofgastricneuroendocrineneoplasm / 实用放射学杂志

Objective ToinvestigatethevalueofenhancedCTindifferentiatinggastricneuroendocrinetumors (NET)from gastric neuroendocrinecarcinomas(NEC).Methods 34patientswithpathologicallyprovenneuroendocrineneoplasms (NEN)underwent abdomenenhancedCT.Theage,genderandCTfeaturesofthetumorswereanalyzedretrospectively.TheCTfeaturesincludedtumor location,shape,size,homogeneityofdensity,welldefinedserosalsurface,CTvalueofplainandenhancedCT,enhancementpattern, and metastasesoflymphnode.TheevaluatedparameterswerecomparedbetweengastricNETandgastricNECby t testand Fisher exacttest.Results AsignificantdifferenceingenderwasfoundbetweengastricNETandgastricNEC (P＜0.05),however,nosignificant differenceinagewasfound(P＞0.05).Thereweresignificantdifferencesintumorsize,shape,welldefinedserosalsurface,enhancement degreeandenhancementpatterninarterialphasebetweengastricNETandgastricNEC(P＜0.05),however,nosignificantdifferencesin otherparameterswerefound(P＞0.05).Conclusion TheNETofthestomachhascertaincharacteristicsofcontrast-enhancedCT. Theshape,size,welldefinedserosalsurface,degreeofenhancementandenhancementpatterninthearterialphasearevaluablein differentiatinggastricNETfromgastricNEC.

Research progress of adalimumab in pediatric Crohn 's disease / 国际儿科学杂志

Adalimumab is an anti-TNF-α recombinant IgG1, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody binding soluble human tumor necrosis factor alpha with high affinity and specificity. It has lower immunogenicity and can be used clinically for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn' s disease. The effectiveness, sustainability and safety of adalimumab in the treatment of pediatric Crohn' s disease has been gradually con-firmed, which may pave the way for new therapy to treat children with refractory Crohn's disease.

Comprehensive genetic diagnosis of patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) and pathogenicity analysis of splice site variants in the DMD gene / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are caused by mutations in the DMD gene. The aim of this study is to identify pathogenic DMD variants in probands and reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease in affected families. Variations in 100 unrelated DMD/BMD patients were detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Pathogenic variants in DMD were successfully identified in all cases, and 11 of them were novel. The most common mutations were intragenic deletions (69%), with two hotspots located in the 5' end (exons 2-19) and the central of the DMD gene (exons 45-55), while point mutations were observed in 22% patients. Further, c.1149+1G>A and c.1150-2A>G were confirmed by hybrid minigene splicing assay (HMSA). This two splice site mutations would lead to two aberrant DMD isoforms which give rise to severely truncated protein. Therefore, the clinical use of MLPA, NGS, and HMSA is an effective strategy to identify variants. Importantly, eight embryos were terminated pregnancies according to prenatal diagnosis and a healthy boy was successfully delivered by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Early and accurate genetic diagnosis is essential for prenatal diagnosis/PGD to reduce the risk of recurrence of DMD in affected families.