Evaluation of component release and oxygen-inhibited layer removal on cytotoxicity of syringe-type bis-acryl composites for provisional restorations / 대한치과재료학회지

This study aimed to analyze the eluted components of syringe-type bis-acryl composites and to evaluate the effect of removing the oxygen-inhibited layer on cytotoxicity. Four different bis-acryl provisional composite materials-Protemp 4 (PT), Structur 2 SC (ST), Luxatemp Automix Plus (LT), and Hexa-Temp (HT)-were evaluated. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the composite eluate after 24 h of immersion in methanol. An agar overlay test and a live/dead assay were performed on the polymerized disc-shaped specimens after 24 h. To evaluate the effect of removing the oxygen-inhibited layer, samples were prepared with a surface oxygen-inhibited layer. The surface oxygen-inhibited layer of the disc-shaped specimens was removed with alcohol only (subgroup A) or with polishing and alcohol (subgroup PA), and their cytotoxicities were compared with those of “as received” (subgroup N) specimens using the WST-1 assay. Statistical significance was assessed using analyses of variance, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). Different components were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis among the groups. The agar overlay assay confirmed severe cytotoxicity in HT, LT, and ST groups, whereas PT showed moderate cytotoxicity. The effect of removing the oxygen-inhibited layer on cell viability was significantly higher in PA than in N in all composite groups. In HT and ST, the cell viability was significantly higher in PA than in A. Syringe-type bis-acryl composites for provisional restorations may elute various components into the oral cavity, which may cause cytotoxicity in adjacent structures. The cytotoxicity of the materials is reduced by the removal of the oxygen-inhibited layer.

The Relationship Between Serum Total Bilirubin and Framingham Risk Score in Healthy Korean Men

BACKGROUND: Serum total bilirubin has been considered a harmful substance inducing oxidative reaction; but recently, there have been reports of it possessing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and protective features against cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total bilirubin and the Framingham risk score. METHODS: This study involved 3,414 healthy Korean men who underwent a medical check-up in a health promotion center in 2008. We calculated the Framingham risk score using age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 44.9+/-8.8 years. The log transformed serum total bilirubin level and the Framingham risk score had a negative linear relationship in a simple linear regression analysis (R2: 0.018, P<0.001). In a multivariable analysis model, as well, the log transformed serum total bilirubin level and the Framingham risk score had a negative linear relationship (R2: 0.384, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a statistically significant negative relationship between total bilirubin and the Framingham risk score. Total bilirubin had a stronger relationship with the Framingham risk score than other standard cardiovascular risk factors except smoking, and thus may be useful in predicting cardiovascular risk in the outpatient clinic.

The Relationship Between Serum Total Bilirubin and Framingham Risk Score in Healthy Korean Men

BACKGROUND: Serum total bilirubin has been considered a harmful substance inducing oxidative reaction; but recently, there have been reports of it possessing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and protective features against cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total bilirubin and the Framingham risk score. METHODS: This study involved 3,414 healthy Korean men who underwent a medical check-up in a health promotion center in 2008. We calculated the Framingham risk score using age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 44.9+/-8.8 years. The log transformed serum total bilirubin level and the Framingham risk score had a negative linear relationship in a simple linear regression analysis (R2: 0.018, P<0.001). In a multivariable analysis model, as well, the log transformed serum total bilirubin level and the Framingham risk score had a negative linear relationship (R2: 0.384, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a statistically significant negative relationship between total bilirubin and the Framingham risk score. Total bilirubin had a stronger relationship with the Framingham risk score than other standard cardiovascular risk factors except smoking, and thus may be useful in predicting cardiovascular risk in the outpatient clinic.

The Relationship Between Serum Total Bilirubin and Framingham Risk Score in Healthy Korean Men

BACKGROUND: Serum total bilirubin has been considered a harmful substance inducing oxidative reaction; but recently, there have been reports of it possessing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and protective features against cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total bilirubin and the Framingham risk score. METHODS: This study involved 3,414 healthy Korean men who underwent a medical check-up in a health promotion center in 2008. We calculated the Framingham risk score using age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 44.9+/-8.8 years. The log transformed serum total bilirubin level and the Framingham risk score had a negative linear relationship in a simple linear regression analysis (R2: 0.018, P<0.001). In a multivariable analysis model, as well, the log transformed serum total bilirubin level and the Framingham risk score had a negative linear relationship (R2: 0.384, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a statistically significant negative relationship between total bilirubin and the Framingham risk score. Total bilirubin had a stronger relationship with the Framingham risk score than other standard cardiovascular risk factors except smoking, and thus may be useful in predicting cardiovascular risk in the outpatient clinic.