Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and the brachial artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes without angiopathy / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and endothelial dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ten type 2 diabetic patients without angiopathy were selected randomly, and PCR technique was used to determine their ACE genotypes. High resolution ultrasonography was performed to measure the changes in brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia (with increased flow producing an endothelium-dependent dilation) and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GNT, an endothelium-independent dilator). Meanwhile, 50 healthy individuals were selected randomly as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In type 2 diabetes mellitus and control groups, the percentages for flow-mediated arterial dilation in patients with DD genotypes were 3.38% and 3.67% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in patients with II genotypes (4.12% and 4.68% respectively, P<0.05). The baseline blood vessel size, baseline blood flow and GNT induced dilation in both groups showed no significant differences among ACE genotypes (P>0.05). By multiple stepwise regression analysis, reduced flow-mediated arterial dilation was associated with age, baseline vessel size, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), Lp(a), D allele, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postparandial blood glucose (PPBG), HbA1c, duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.0005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ACE DD genotype is related to endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus and in healthy individuals.</p>

Apolipoprotein E genotypes and carotid artery atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and apolipoprotein (Apo) E gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and fifty-five DM2 patients without angiopathy and 107 healthy individuals were selected. PCR/allele-specific oligonucleotide probe was used to determine their apoE genotypes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence distribution of apoE genotypes and alleles in DM2 patients and that in controls were similar. The TC, LDL-C and Lp(a) concentrations in e4/4, e4/3 subgroups were significantly higher than those in e3/2, e2/2 subgroups (P<0.05). The average value of IMT in e4/4 e4/3 carriers (0.89 mm) was significantly greater than that in e3/2 e2/2 carriers (0.62 mm) (P<0.05). After adjustment for TC, LDL-C, TG, Lp(a), FBG, HbA1c, age, BMI, and smoking, ANCOVA showed that the average value of carotid IMT was significantly greater in subjects with e4/4 e4/3, compared with that in subjects with e3/2 e2/2(P=0.033).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apo e4 allele increases the risk for carotid artery atherosclerosis in the early stage of diabetic population.</p>