RÉSUMÉ
Information and its increasing effective use in decision making has caused the emergence of KM. The core reasons leading to emergence of KM are:[1] The shift from the dominancy of tangible assets era to intellectual capital era, [2] The dramatic increases in the volume of information, its electronic storage and increased access to information in general, and [3] The demographical changes accompanied with the danger of losing people through retirements. Initially, information technology departments were the focus of KM initiatives, however, as the focus moved to people's expertise, other departments became increasingly involved. Six strategies have been offered as KM strategies. These are the Knowledge Strategy as Business Strategy, the Intellectual Asset Management Strategy, the personal Knowledge Asset Responsibility Strategy, the Knowledge Creation Strategy, the Knowledge Transfer Strategy, and the Customer-Focused Knowledge Strategy. To find theoretical concepts of KM and its applicability in healthcare organization, different knowledge management-associated journals such as the Information Research and the Knowledge Management practice journals, published since 1990, were examined. Search engines such as the Science Direct and the Emerald were also used for hunting internet sources.
Sujet(s)
Prestations des soins de santé/organisation et administrationRÉSUMÉ
Background and Objective: Today countries are classified according to their abilities to knowledge generation and utilization. Knowledge management has become a critical issue in organizations and knowledge dissemination is an important activity in knowledge management. The aim of this research was to study theoretical issues about dissemination of information and knowledge and features of effective dissemination for utilizing of knowledge products
Methods: This systematic study was conducted using library resources in the libraries of Iran university of medical sciences, the internet search engines [Google, Mamma], databases [PubMed, Science@direct] from 1990 to 2003 and the website of national center for the dissemination of disability research [NCDDR]
Findings: Activities about understanding of knowledge concept and focus on dissemination have been considered as third wave since 1980. Researches conducted about dissemination had 2 main directions: Who were seeking the most appropriate approach for disseminating and who were seeing dissemination issue from the view of users. There are 5 key components for effective dissemination: Source, content, context, media and the user. Effective dissemination needs to appropriate interaction among these factors. Dissemination is not a liner phenomenon Rather there is a close relationship and collaboration among generation, dissemination and utilization. There are 4 kinds of knowledge and each one needs to different way of dissemination
Conclusion: As information utilization is the aim of dissemination, therefore 5 key components in dissemination, i.e. source, content, context, media and user must have some necessary characteristics in addition to coordination. Any organization, in particular research organizations, who thinks of competitive advantages in today's world, must develop a proper plan for its knowledge dissemination considering the features of effective dissemination and user participation
RÉSUMÉ
Background: documentation of medical data in patient records is needed to improve the quality of healthcare and medical knowledge progress. Documentation of patient history, clinical problems, treatment, and follow-up care are needed to improve practice and research
Objective: to determine documentation of patient records at the internal medicine ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
Method: the study was descriptive and 100 patient records were selected through random sampling. Records were related to the patients who had been discharged from the general internal ward during April to June 2000. Data was collected using the questionnaire including 30 closed questions, and 5 open ones. The results were reported in ratios [%] averages and standard deviation. T-test was used to examine the association of length of stay and records data adequacy scores. Data was analysed by the SPSS software
Results: completeness of the patient records was moderately acceptable [68.7%]. The difference between performance of residents, interns and students in documentation of primary diagnoses and differential diagnoses was significant [P<0.001] and performance of residents was more efficient [59.6%], [69.7%]. Of the records, 22.2% were without summary sheet
Conclusion: patient records had many deficiencies. Instructions for documentation are necessary. Regular monitoring and evaluation by the attending physicians and writing skills education could be effective in accurate documentation