Metal-based biologically active compounds: synthesis, spectral and antioxidant studies of transition metal complexes with hydrazone derivatives

New series of Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Zn+2 complexes have been synthesized using a bio-active hydrazone compound 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-N-[5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene], abbreviated as [HL]. Complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Results showed that the bi-dentate [HL] coordinated in a square planner manner with Cu+2 while for the rest of the M+2 ions, it coordinated in a octahedral fashion. Free ligand and its metal complexes were also studied for their antioxidant potential by employing two methods i.e. DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assay. It was observed that the metal complexes were considerably more potent free radical scavenger and had better reducing abilities compared to the free ligand, furthermore, for both in vitro assays, metal complexes turned out to be better DPPH scavengers and had better reducing abilities than the standards used during biological assays

Upper lip bite test for prediction ofdifficult airway: A systematic review

Background and Objective: Upper lip bite test [ULBT] is one of the various bedside tests used for prediction of difficult laryngoscopic intubation. However, its usefulness is not still very clear, and there is controversy regarding its accuracy. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the accuracy of the ULBT for predicting difficult airway including difficult laryngoscopy or difficult tracheal intubation

Methods: We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar for prospective studies published up until October 2016 assessing the accuracy of ULBT in comparison to Cormack-Lehane grading. The selected keywords were ''upper lip bite test'', ''upper lip catch test'', ''prediction'', ''difficult airway'', ''difficult laryngoscopy'', ''difficult intubation''. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing ULBT for prediction of difficult intubation, considering Cormack-Lehane grade III and IV as difficult airway, written in English, and reporting sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy. Exclusion criteria were studies not reporting accuracy or not having enough data for its calculation. Based on the mentioned criteria, 27 studies enrolling 18141 patients were included. This systematic review was performed based on the guidelines on conducting systematic reviews of diagnostic studies

Results: Prevalence of airway difficulties according to the direct laryngoscopic view varied from 2.8% to 27% and according to the ULBT was from 2% to 21%. In 11 of the 27 studies, sensitivity of ULBT in prediction of difficult airway was more than 70%. All of the studies except one showed a high specificity for ULBT [>85%]. Moreover, these studies indicated a high NPV. Accuracy of ULBT was >85% in 24 out of 27 studies

Conclusion: It appears that ULBT is a useful bedside test for evaluation of patient airway before the general anesthesia

Phytochemical composition, biological potential and enzyme inhibition activity of Scandix pecten-veneris L / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#Scandix pecten-veneris L. is a less studied wild edible herb and is considered an extinct plant species in many parts of the world. This study was designed to evaluate its phytochemical composition and biological potential of S. pecten-veneris L.@*METHODS@#Phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins were determined in extracts of S. pecten-veneris. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while reducing power was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and four fungal strains was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay. Enzymes inhibition study was performed for urease, phosphodiesterase-I, and catalase-II.@*RESULTS@#S. pecten-veneris showed moderate antiradical activity and reducing potential of hydroxyl radicals to about 20% of the initial value. The antioxidant activity of various extracts of S. pecten-veneris showed a linear correlation with total phenolic contents in the order of water>n-butanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate>methanol extracts. S. pecten-veneris leaves showed the highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus while the highest antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans. The plant extract was most potent against urease enzymes but showed moderate activity against phosphodiestrase-I and carbonic anhydrase-II.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our data demonstrate that in addition to its culinary uses, S. pecten-veneris has good medicinal potential and hence could be used for treating some specific health ailments.

Prevalence of Ttype II diabetes in district Dir Lower in Pakistan

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of type II diabetes and pre-diabetes and its risk factors in the District Dir Lower Pakistan

Methods: This study was a population based cross-sectional analysis of 1650 individuals of age 20-80 years, using cluster random sampling technique. After an overnight fast, diabetes and pre-diabetes were analyzed according to the World Health Organization recommendation

Results: The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 11.1% and 16.0%, respectively. Type II diabetes was found 11.0% in female and 11.2% in male subjects. Stepwise multiple logistic regression showed that growing age, positive family history, body mass index [obesity], hypertension, exercise [less physical activates], education, monthly income, are statistically significant risk factors with type II diabetes

Conclusion: Our results suggest that type II diabetes has become a main health problem in District Dir Lower and better strategies are required to handle this problem

Semi empirical insights into the electronic structure of an isatin derived bis Schiff base

Schiff bases are versatile organic compounds and are widely studied for their broad range of biological applications. Extensive experimental data is available on these compounds but theoretical aspects are not comprehensively studied so far. This paper reports quantum mechanical calculation of a Schiff base to theoretically explore the electronic structure. Semi empirical [Austin Model 1, and Parametric Method 3] methods were employed to predict the optimized geometry and calculate various electronic properties e.g. IR vibrations, frontier molecular energy levels, total energies, dipole moments and some thermo chemical properties

Pharmacognostic studies on taxus baccata L.: a brilliant source of anti-cancer agents

The present investigation was undertaken to establish standardization profile of Taxus baccata L. with the help of pharmacognostic parameters, which is not done before. T. baccata [Taxaceae], is native to Europe, is an evergreen needle-leaved tree, growing up to 28 m high. A large number of phytochemicals like taxoids viz. taxusin, baccatin, baccatin, lignans, flavanoids, steroids, paclitaxel and sugar derivatives have been isolated from it. For the treatment of different types of cancer like ovarian and breast cancers, Kaposi's sarcoma and lung cancers Paclitaxel [taxol] has been approved. Paclitaxel is also under clinical trial for remedy of number of other cancers in combination with other chemotherapeutic medications. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of T. baccata will be useful to authenticate and avoid adulteration in the raw material. The diagnostic microscopic characters, physiochemical data and FTIR will be useful in the development of monograph

Sinonasal polyposis and fungus: a growing relationship

To determine the frequency of underlying fungus in nose and paranasal sinuses in patients present with nasal polyposis. A total of 324 patients presented with nasal polyps were included in this study. Data collected from all the patients admitted in ENT department with diagnosis of nasal polyposis. All the relevant information about their presenting symptoms was recorded in a proforma. Post operatively the removed material was sent for histopathology and fungal culture. Later the findings of biopsy and culture reports were also recorded and analysed. Out of 324 patients 159 were males and 165 were females. Underlying fungus was present in 226[69.75%] and out of them, 102[45.13%] were males and 124[54.86%] were females with a P value of 0.039. The mean age was 25.95 +/- 9.32 [15-45] years for the patient with fungus. Aspergillus was the commonest organism found. Underlying fungus was found in a significantly high number of patients presented with nasal polyps and Aspergillus was the commonest organism found

[ effects of the menstrual cycle on the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and trachea! Intubation]

Background: Hormonal, physical, and psychological fluctuations occur during the menstrual cycle. Previous studies have shown that hormonal changes during the normal menstrual cycle affect anesthesia and analgesia

The limitation of previous studies are that they did not measure luteal hormone [LH], Follicular stimulating hormone [FSH], estradiol, progesterone and cortisol levels. Our goal was to find more suitable conditions in menstrual periods for intubation of patient

Methods-. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I patients, 16 to 40 years, undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery were enrolled in this study and conducted at Imam Khomeini Medical Center in 2013

The patients were assigned into two groups according to the phase of their menstrual cycle. Levels of sex hormones and hemodynamic variables were recorded for all the patients and statistical analysis performed

Results: In 77 patients, 38 women were in the luteal phase [49.4%] and 39 women were in the follicular phase [50.6%]

All tracheal intubations were successful on the first attempt with a mean duration of 2558+/-5.07 and 25.84+/-5.32 seconds in groups F and L, respectively [P=0.489]

None of the patients were excluded for long tracheal intubation time. Systolic blood pressure after intubation in the follicular phase [138.4+/-20 mm Hg] was significantly higher vs. the luteal phase [127.7+/-18 mm Hg] [P<0.01], as well as the women's heart rate after intubation in the luteal phase [90.7+/-12 beats per minute], was significantly higher than in the follicular phase [85.3+/-11 beats per minute] [P=0.05]

Heart rate was higher in the luteal group than the follicular group thus the women's heart rate after intubation in the luteal phase [90.7+/-12 bpm] was significantly greater than the follicular phase [85.3+/-11 bpm] [P=0.05]

Conclusion: Reviewing and comparing the results show that elective surgeries are better to be done in the luteal phase because of stable hemodynamic conditions

Endoscopic third venfri'cufosfomy for obstructive hydrocephalus

To determine the success rate of endoscopic third ventriculostomy [ETV] for treating obstructive hydrocephalus. Cross-sectional observational study. The Neurosurgery Department of PGMI, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from May 2010 to November 2011. Patients with Obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, tectal and non-tectal tumour and already shunted patients for obstructive hydrocephalus presented with blocked shunt were included in the study. Patients with congenital hydrocephalus and secondary to meningitis were excluded. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed. Success, complications and mortality was noted. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 17. There were 155 patients including 72 males and 83 females with ratio of 1: 1.33. Success rate was 71%. Indication of surgery was obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, posterior fossa tumour, brain stem and CP angle tumour. Complications were seen in 18 patients including mortality in 3 patients. ETV is effective, safe and successful procedure in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. It may be used as replacement procedure of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt as initial line of management in selected patients

Early childhood milk and milk products intake - maternal perceptions and practices

The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in young children has a profound effect on their immune system, growth and mental development. However, many micronutrients deficiencies in children such as calcium can be prevented. This research has explored the perceptions and practices of mothers, residing in Karachi, regarding milk and milk products [MAMPs] intake in children of age 2-5 years, in order to find out the amount of MAMPs in their diet and the factors affecting such intake. This is a qualitative exploratory study. Semi structured, in-depth interviews were conducted. Eighteen mothers whose children's age were 2-5 years old were purposively recruited from three daycare centers of three different socioeconomic status areas of Karachi. The MAMPs intake of children in three different socioeconomic areas of Karachi was in accordance with 2006's, American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for requirements, i.e. 2 cups per day of Milk/Dairy for 2-4 years old children. However, the type of MAMPs and children's preferences differs considerably. The most preferred MAMPs among children of age were yogurt and plain milk. The preferences for MAMPs in children were mainly determined by their peers, mother's ethnicity and media advertisements. Most of the mothers did not prefer giving MAMPs in several common childhood illnesses due to prevailing misconceptions. It was also explored that maternal ethnicity plays considerable role in selecting and combining various food items mainly fish with MAMPs. Recognizing the MAMPs intake of children and their mother's perceptions and practices can help researchers to better understand children's preferences for different MAMPs and the factors influencing their intake. Food policies and recommendations related to MAMPs in children can be evaluated for their relevance to children's ecological determinants to address the issues related to growth and development in early ages.

Role of anterior decompression with internal fixation in dorsal spine tuberculosis

To assess efficacy of anterior decompression and internal fixation using mesh cage and rod with screws in patients with dorsal spine tuberculosis This observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2010 to June 2012 [2 years]. There were 38 patients with dorsal spine tuberculosis who underwent anterior decompression and fusion using anterior spinal instrumentation and allograft replacement. We included those patients in our study, who undergone anterior decompression with internal fixation for dorsal spine tuberculosis, of both genders irrespective of their age. We excluded those patients who were unfit for surgery, treated conservatively, involved spine other than dorsal spine or undergone procedure other than anterior approach for Carrie's spine. Clinical outcome of the patients was assessed using the frankle grade. The patients were observed for post-operative complications, neurological improvement and bony fusion. We had total of 38 patients who undergone the procedure in whom23 [60.5%] were males and 15 [39.5%] females with male / female ratio of 1.5: 1. Their age ranged from 4-70 years [mean 37years]. The most common level involved were between D5-D12 for which thoracotomy was needed. Preoperative neurodeficit was observed in 76.3% patients of whom 89.7% showed improvement after surgery. Our patients had 7.9% complications after surgery. We had wound infection in 5.3% and dyspnea in 2.6% cases. There were no graft related complications and bony fusion was observed in all the patients. It is concluded from our study that anterior decompression with internal fixation using cage and rod with screws is an effective procedure in dorsal spine tuberculosis. It has few complications and yields good results

Early complications of simple anterior cervical discectomy

To analyze early complications after simple anterior cervical discectomy. This descriptive study was conducted at the department of Neurosurgery, Post-graduate medical institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2009 to December, 2010. Ninety five [95] consecutive patients who underwent single level anterior cervical discectomy without bone grafting for degenerative cervical disc herniation were included in the study irrespective of their age and gender. The patients were observed for post-operative complications for a period of 8weeks after surgery. The patients were observed for complications during hospital stay, 1[st] follow up at 2 weeks and 2[nd] follow up after 8 weeks of surgery. Out of 95 cases, 67.4% [n=64] were males and 32.6% [31] females. Majority [n=29, 30.5%] patients were in the age range of 41-50years, 24.2% [n=23] in the age group of 31-40 years and 20% [n=19] in the age range of 21-30 years. Almost 70.5% [n=67] of the patients presented within 6 months of onset of their symptoms. The commonest complication after surgery was transient hoarseness in 3.2% [n=3] cases. We had post-op dysphagia and discitis each in 2.1% [n=2] patients. The overall morbidity was 8.5% [n=8]. One patient died because of anesthesia complication and not because of surgery complications

Frequency of causes of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt failure in hydrocephalus patients

To analyze ventriculo-peritoneal shunt [VP shunt] failure cases in hydrocephalic patients, in a tertiary care hospital. This descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from June 2009 to May 2010 [one year].The medical record of all cases operated in last one year was checked from record room. Documentation was done according to proforma designed indicating age, sex, clinical features, investigations with findings on X-rays, CT and MRI and per operative findings. Complications related to upper end, lower end and shunt track were noted. Data was analyzed to assess the causes for shunt failure in hydrocephalus patients. A total of 56 patients were included in this study. There were 43 children and 13 adults. Among children, 26 were males and 17 were females while in adults, 5 were males and 8 were females. Out of these, 28 patients were having blocked shunt, 20 cases with infected shunt, 6 patients had eroded and 2 patients displaced shunt. Although shunt surgery is a common procedure performed for hydrocephalus, different complications were associated in our study where shunt failure was mainly due to shunt dysfunction, infection or breakage of shunt system. Complications were more with upper end. Infection was common in pediatric age group

Etiology and the role of proctosigmoidoscopy in patients with acute bloody diarrheas

To find out the etiology of acute bloody diarrheas in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. This descriptive study was conducted in the department of medicine, Lady Reading hospital from 2005 to 2008. A total of 50 patients were studied, comprising of 35 males and 15 females. Mean age of the sample was 32.66 +/- 15.4 years]. Patients who presented with acute bloody diarrhea of between 3-30 days duration were studied. Patients who had history of recurrent bloody diarrhea were also included. Patients below 12 years, severely dehydrated and seriously ill were excluded. All patients underwent fibreoptic proctosigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy. Amebic colitis was confirmed on stool examination for Trophozoites of Entameoba histolytica, typical proctosigmoidoscopic findings and response to anti-amebic drugs. Thirty-two patients [64%] were having new onset bloody diarrhea, while 18 patients [36%] were giving history of recurrent bloody diarrhea. All patients had evidence of Procto-colitis on fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy. The most common conditions were ulcerative colitis in 25 [50%], bacterial dysentery in 15 [30%] and Amebic proctocolitis in 7 [14%]. Findings on proctosigmoidoscopy were mucosal hyperemia [50%], bleeding points [38%], ulcers [44%], pus [20%], pseudo polyps [4%] and mass [4%]. Fibreoptic Proctosigmoidoscopy is a simple and easier procedure to diagnose different causes of acute bloody diarrhea and should be considered in all cases except in seriously ill and dehydrated patients. The common causes of acute bloody diarrhea in our community are bacterial proctocolitis, amebiasis and ulcerative colitis

spectrum of intradural spinal tumors

To assess the spectrum of clinical, radiological and histological features of patients with intradural spinal tumors. This descriptive study was carried out in Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from April 2003 to March 2009. Medical records of patients with spinal tumors were reviewed and patients operated for intradural spinal tumors were identified. A total of 312 patients, out of 525 cases of spinal tumors, with different intradural spinal tumors were considered in this study. Their clinical features, radiological reports, peroperative findings and histological reports were analyzed in different aspects. There were total of 312 patients with age range from 2 years to 74 years, with median age of 38 years. Out of these 187 were males and 125 were female, overall male to female ratio of 1.5: 1. Backache, leg weakness, parasthesia and poor sphincters were the main clinical features. MRI spine [274 cases] was the main diagnostic tool along with plain X-rays and X-ray myelography in limited cases [35 cases]. CT myelogram was done only in 3 cases. The common site of involvement was dorsal spine followed by lumber and cervical spines respectively in 185, 80 and 47 cases. Histological report was suggestive of Neurofibroma in 166 Meningioma in 96, Ependymoma in 20, Dermoid in 12, Astrocytoma in 7, Hemangioblastom and Tuberculoma in 3 cases each and Hydatid cyst in one case. Neurofibroma and meningioma constituted majority of cases belonging to intradural extramedulary group, while ependymoma and astrocytoma were common intramedullary tumors. Third and 5[th] decade of life was the common age group for both Intramedulary and extramedulary tumors. Intramedulary lesions were common in 3[rd] decade of life

Experience with 349 cases of intradural spinal tumors at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar

To analyze the variables of patients operated for intradural spinal tumors at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. An analytical descriptive study Place and duration of study: Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from April 2003 to March 2010 [7 years]. Medical record of patients with spinal tumors were revised and patients suffering from intradural spinal tumors were searched. There were total 572 cases of spinal tumors, of which 349 had different intradural lesions. Their clinical features, radiological reports, peroperative findings and histological reports were analyzed in different aspects. Of the total 349 patients with intradural spinal tumors 201 were males and 148 female, with male to female ratio of almost 1.4:1. Age of the patients ranged between 2 years to 77 years, with median of 39.2 years. The common clinical features were backache, leg weakness, parasthesia and poor sphincters. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the spine was the main [309 cases] diagnostic tool along with plain x-ray and myelography in limited cases [35 cases]. CT myelogram was done only in 5 cases. Dorsal spine was involved in 62.5% cases, lumber and cervical spine in 25.5% and 12% patients respectively. Neurofibroma was the commonest [51%] intradural spinal tumor, we also had meningioma in 30.66%. Other intraspinal lesions were dermoid, lipoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma, tuberculoma, arachnoid and hydatid cysts. Of all the spinal tumors intradural are more common [61%] than extradural. Neurofibroma and meningioma constituted majority of cases belonging to extramedullary intradural group, while ependymoma and dermoid were common intramedullary tumor. 3rd and 5th decade of life were the common age group for both intramedulary and extramedullary tumors. Intramedullary tumors were common in 3rd decade of life

Retrosternal goitre, presentation and treatment outcome

To assess the clinical presentation, surgical out come and complications of retrosternal goitre [RSG]. A descriptive retrospective study. Departments of Ear Nose Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, Fatima Hospital Baqai Medical University and Civil Hospital Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, between January 2002 to March 2008. Twenty seven patients of both gender and different ages of retrosternal goitre who under went for thyroidectomy between January 2002 to March 2008 were studied regarding their clinical presentation, and surgical outcome. Only two [7.4%] of our patients were presented with acute air way obstruction. Six [22.2%] patients were complained of dsypnoea only in supine posture, dysphagia and hoarseness were noticed in 3[11.1%] and 1 [3.7%] patients respectively while fifteen [51.5%] were asymptomatic apart from the obvious neck swelling. Total thyroidectomy was performed in twenty two [81.4%] cases and lobectomy with isthemectomy was done in five [18.1%] patients. CT scan was done in seven [25.9%] cases. Majority of our cases i.e. twenty five [92.6%] were benign while malignancy was noted in only two [7.4%] cases. Complications noted was haematoma formation in one [3.7%], recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in four [14.8%], hypoparathyroidism [transient] was recorded in three [11.1%] patients, and wound infection was observed in two [7.4%] patients. There was no mortality pre and post-operatively and no case of permanent hypoparathyroidism was noted where as only one patient had permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Retrosternal goitre is often asymptomatic and thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice with very low mortality and morbidity

Peritonsillar cellulitis and quinsy, clinical presentation and management

The study was done to find the various clinical presentations and compare the out come / prognosis of peritonsillar cellulites and guising. A Descriptive study. Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery Jinnah Medical and Dental College and Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University Karachi, from May 2001 to June 2006. This is a retrospective study of the treatment and their out come of 102 patients, 73 [71.6%] had peritonsillar abscess or quinsy while 29 [28.4%] had peritonsillar cellulitis who were treated indoor over a period of five years. The main modality of treatment was incision and drainage of pus in 73 [71.6%] patients and needle aspiration in 29 [28.4%] cases which resulted with 3 positive 26 negative and 5 false negative aspirates. Antibiotics given in combinations with an average stay of 5 to 8 days in the ward. Within 2 to 5 months 12 [11.7%] cases had recurrence, while none had bilateral quinsy. Tonsillectomy was done in 35 [34.3%] patients after 6 weeks. In peritonsillar infections needle aspiration is useful to differentiate between the two entities. Cellulitis usually resolves by intravenous antibiotics, when an abscess is suspected incision and drainage remains the gold standard treatment which is followed by antibiotics and tonsillectomy in selected cases

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: clinical presentations and operative findings on microvascular decompression

To analyze the clinical presentations of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and its operative findings on microvascular decompression. This descriptive case series study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, PGML Govt. Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from July, 2003 to November, 2007. A total of 110 consecutive patients of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia undergoing microvascular decompression in the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital were included in the study. Clinical presentations and operative findings were recorded and analyzed. All cases of secondary trigeminal neuralgia were excluded with the help of MRI brain. Ratio of Male: female was 2:3. Age ranged from 28-80 years, mean age being 57 years. Right side was affected in 60% cases. Maxillary and mandibular divisions in combination were involved in majority of cases. Pain-free period varied from few hours to years. The common triggering stimuli were chewing and touching. A trigger point was found in [77%] cases. Superior cerebellar artery was the cause of compression in 90% of cases. In 90% of cases compression was on the root entry zone. The nerve compression was found on superomedial aspect in 66 [60%] of cases. Almost all cases of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are caused by a vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, superior cerebellar artery being the commonest cause 90%

Fogarty balloon catheter ablation of posterior urethral valves in neonates

Neonates with posterior urethral valves in developing countries, where costly endoscopic instruments are usually not available, are a special problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fogarty balloon catheter ablation of posterior urethral valves as an alternative to endoscopic valve fulgaration. From January 2006 to December 2006, we received 07 neonates with Posterior Urethral Valves which were subjected to this technique. Their age range was between 5-26 days, while the weight range varied between 2.5 Kg to 3.5 Kg. Valves were ablated by using size 6F Fogarty catheter in the main operation theater under general anesthesia. Technique was successful in all the 7 neonates which was evident by a good stream of urine. Two patients had Grade III, while two patients had Grade IV vesicoureterric reflux before ablation. In patients with Grade IV reflux, reflux downgraded to Grade III on MCUG done 3 months after ablation. Patients with Grade III reflux were lost to follow up. Ablation of posterior urethral valves with Fogarty balloon catheter in neonates is simple, economical and effective way to treat these patients. Endoscopic valve fulgaration in neonates is hazardous and this technique is a good alternative, especially in developing countries