Résumé
Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of 7 sporadic cases in children of influenza A (H1N1)broken out in Tianjin,and to provide clinical experience and prognosis factors for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.Methods:The clinical data and protective measures were retrospectively analyzed in 7 children with H1N1 confirmed by Tianjin Haihe Hospital from June 9,2009 to September 21,2009,and the related literatures were reviewed.Results:There were six imported cases of H1N1 and one second-generation case.Fever and cough were the main symptom in children.There were 5 children with hyperpyrexia.Three were with expectoration.Other symptoms included anergy,dizziness,headache,nasal discharge,sneeze and pharyngalgia.Two of these children were with leukocytosis decrease,two were with infection of leukocytosis,and others were normal.Five of these children were with normal chest X-ray,one with texture disorder, and one with bilateral multiple infiltrating image.The positive influenza A virus result was detected by real-time PCR and sequencing comparison in the throat swab samples taken within 2 days from the seven children,and became negative after 5-9 days in the course of this disease.Six patients were accepted osehamivir treatment for 5 days.One was treated only with anti-virus mixture.The average length of hospital stay was 7.9 days.When the children were discharged from hospital,all the symptoms were disappeared.All the patients'families,doctors and nurses were not infected in non-directly exposed to the disease.Conclusion:The seven child patients showed mainly symptoms of fever and cough.The average course was 9.1 days,and they were all cured.Therefore,influenza A(H1N1)is preventable and curable.
Résumé
The artificial lung is a technical device for providing life support; it will be put in use when the natural lungs are failing and are not able to maintain sufficient oxygenation of the body's organ systems. From the viewpoint of long-term development, the artificial lung should be permanently implanted in the body, so that it will substitute for the human pulmonary function partially or completely. In this paper, four artificial lung technologies were expounded with reference to the development and research process of artificial lung. They were extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, intravascular artificial lung, implantable artificial lung, and pumpless extracorporeal lung assist. In this paper were described the structure of the four kinds of artificial lung, the working principle, and their advantages, disadvantages and indications. The prospect of artificial lung was evaluated in the light of the data from the existing animal experiments and from the clinical experience of the centers.