Value of Head and Neck CT Angiography in the Clinical Evaluation of Intraoperative Bleeding Volume of Carotid Body Tumours / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the value of head and neck CT angiography(CTA)in the evaluation of intraoperative hemorrhage of carotid body tumours. Head and neck CTA images of 36 patients with carotid body tumours confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative bleeding volume:<500 ml and≥500 ml groups.The patient's age,sex,Shamblin classification,size of the lesion,number of blood supply arteries,course of the disease,plain scan,and enhanced CT value between two groups were compared and analyzed.Logistics regression equation was established based on the CTA parameters with significant differences between the two intraoperative bleeding volume groups,and combined parameter was acquired.The receiver operating characteristic curve was established based on CTA single and combined parameters. The bleeding volume during the operation of carotid body tumors was significantly correlated with the age of patients(=0.019),the maximum diameter of tumours on axial images(=0.003),the maximum upper and lower diameters(=0.004),Shamblin classification(=0.012),and number of blood supply arteries(<0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the number of feeding arteries,the maximum diameter of axial images,maximum upper and lower diameters,Shamblin classification,and combined parameters were 0.865,0.781,0.806,0.766,and 0.927,respectively.When the optimal critical value was 0.408,the Youden index was 0.794,and the corresponding accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were 0.919,0.909,and 0.923,respectively. Preoperative head and neck CTA can be used to evaluate the intraoperative blood loss.Combined parameters has the best diagnostic performance compared with single parameters.

Effects and mechanisms of punicosides on acute alcoholic liver damage in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the protective effects of punicosides on alcohol induced acute liver injury in mice and its possible mechanisms as well.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 60 mice were randomly divided into normal control, model group, three dose groups of punicosides with low, medium and high, then there is silibinin group. Three dose groups of punicosides and silibinin were given in advance by gavage for 4 weeks, then the mouse model of alcoholic acute liver injury was established. The serum levels of ALT, AST and TG were determined, and the mice were killed to calculate somatic index of liver, thymus as well as spleen. MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-ST were detected in the liver homogenate. Histopathological changes of the liver were observed by HE staining. The expression of MCP-1 and NF-kappaB in the liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Mid and high dose of punicosides reduced the liver index in mice significantly, improved liver steatosis, decreased the level of ALT, AST and TG in serum and the content of MDA in liver homogenate, furthermore the two dose groups increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-ST, inhibited the expression of MCP-1 and NF-kappaB in liver tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Punicosides can protect the acute liver damage induced by alcohol.</p>

Primary risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection:a meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the main risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literatures published in China and abroad about the risk factors on the transmission of HEV were searched. HEV, risk factors, epidemiology and case-control were used as keywords to retrieve papers in Chinese literature databases including CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed databases. The same strategy was used to retrieve English papers in English literature database including EBSCO and PubMed databases, supplemented by literature tracing method. Time range was from January 1994 to December 2012. A total of 258 papers were collected. Stata 11.0 software was used to calculate combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence internals (CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 21 studies was included in this Meta-analysis, which contained 3566 cases and 14 724 controls. The results of univariate analysis including OR (95%CI) : Dining out: 2.13 (1.62-2.81), consumption of aquatic products: 2.21 (1.76-3.31), unboiled water: 2.04 (1.13-3.71), not washing hands before meals:1.72 (1.07-2.77), common health facilities: 2.53(1.73-3.70), touching animals:2.00 (1.58-2.52), consumption of contaminated food:1.56 (1.18-2.05), contacting with patients: 2.33 (1.92-2.83), drinking alcohol: 2.56 (1.42-4.63) and gender (male):1.64 (1.15-2.33). The results of multivariate analysis including OR (95%CI) : Dining out: 2.04 (1.68-2.48), consumption of aquatic products: 2.31(1.70-3.15), unboiled water: 1.43 (1.10-1.85), not washing hands before meals: 2.01 (1.46-2.77), common health facilities: 2.28 (1.48-3.51), consumption of contaminated food: 2.16 (2.06-2.26), touching animals: 2.17 (1.55-3.04), contacting with patients: 2.32 (1.68-3.21), drinking alcohol: 1.66 (1.31-2.10) and gender (male): 1.67 (1.46-1.92).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The independent risk factors of HEV infection were dining out, consumption of aquatic products, unboiled water, not washing hands before meals, common health facilities, touching animals, consumption of contaminated food, contacting with patients, drinking alcohol and gender (male).</p>