Research progress of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in the treatment of renal anemia and ischemic heart disease / 中国综合临床

The hypoxia-inducible factor is a significant regulator of adaptive transcriptional response in hypoxia or hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor (hypoXIA-inducible factor) loses its activity after hydroxylation by proline hydroxylase in a normoxic environment. Proline hydroxylase inhibitor is a kind of new small molecule oral preparation by inhibiting the proline hydroxylase, reducing the degradation of HIF, activating the hypoxia-induced way, adjusting including stimulates erythropoiesis, iron absorption and mobilization, angiogenesis, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation, energy metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, and other physiological reaction, Showed more clinical benefits. In recent years, the application of proline hydroxylase inhibitors in the field of renal anemia has achieved apparent efficacy, and the research in the field of ischemic heart disease has also made significant progress in the future in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and other aspects of good application prospects.

LRIG1 Enhances Chemosensitivity by Modulating BCL-2 Expression and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Glioma Cells

PURPOSE: Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) are an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that was discovered in recent years, and many studies showed that LRIG1 is a tumor suppressor gene and may be related to tumor drug resistance. In this study, we explored whether LRIG1 protein expression can improve the chemosensitivity of glioma cells and what was its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected 93 cases of glioma tissues and detected the expression of LRIG1 and BCL-2. We constructed a multidrug resistance cell line U251/multidrug resistance (MDR) and examined the change of LRIG1 and BCL-2 at mRNA and protein expression levels. LRIG1 expression was upregulated in U251/MDR cells and we detected the change of multidrug resistance. Meanwhile, we changed the expression of LRIG1 and BCL-2 and explored the relationship between LRIG1 and BCL-2. Finally, we also explored the relationship between LRIG1 and RTKs. RESULTS: LRIG1 was negatively correlated with BCL-2 expression in glioma tissue and U251/MDR cells, and upregulation of LRIG1 can enhance chemosensitivity and inhibit BCL-2 expression. Furthermore, LRIG1 was negatively correlated with RTKs in U251/MDR cells. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that LRIG1 can improve chemosensitivity by modulating BCL-2 expression and RTK signaling in glioma cells.

Glioma Stem Cell-Targeted Dendritic Cells as a Tumor Vaccine Against Malignant Glioma

PURPOSE: Cancer stem cells have recently been thought to be closely related to tumor development and reoccurrence. It may be a promising way to cure malignant glioma by using glioma stem cell-targeted dendritic cells as a tumor vaccine. In this study, we explored whether pulsing dendritic cells with antigens of glioma stem cells was a potent way to induce specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and anti-tumor immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer stem cells were cultured from glioma cell line U251. Lysate of glioma stem cells was obtained by the repeated freezing and thawing method. Dendritic cells (DCs) were induced and cultured from the murine bone marrow cells, the biological characteristics were detected by electron microscope and flow cytometry. The DC vaccine was obtained by mixing DCs with lysate of glioma stem cells. The DC vaccine was charactirizated through the mixed lymphocyte responses and cell killing experiment in vitro. Level of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the supernatant was checked by ELISA. RESULTS: After stimulation of lysate of glioma stem cell, expression of surface molecules of DC was up-regulated, including CD80, CD86, CD11C and MHC-II. DCs pulsed with lysate of glioma stem cells were more effective than the control group in stimulating original glioma cells-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes responses, killing glioma cells and boosting the secretion of IFN-gamma in vitro. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated DCs loaded with antigens derived from glioma stem cells can effectively stimulate naive T cells to form specific cytotoxic T cells, kill glioma cells cultured in vitro.