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Objective To explore the feasibility and advantage of fluoroscope in identification of brain structures in nude mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. Methods We laid the whole brain separated from 8-week adult nude mice with GFP expression into SLY mouse brain blocker to produce slices of 1 or 0.9 mm thickness; and then,25 μm-thickness frozen sections were cut.Fluoroscope was employed to observe the morphological structure to define their anatomic structures with reference to The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates compiled by Paxinos. After the observation,these frozen sections were performed Nissi staining for contrast. Results Different structures can be identified by their distinct fluorescence intensity:the dense areas of nuclei,Nissl bodies and nerve tract showed low fluorescence intensity; while the structures around the areas of nuclei and nerve tract,such as,the plexiform layer of olfactory bulb and the molecular layer of cerebella,showed high fluorescence intensity.The fluorescence intensity was attenuated obviously after Nissl staining; the visualized structural information observed under stereomicroscope was in accordance with that viewed by fluoroscope.Conclusion The identification of brain structure in nude mice with GFP by fluoroscope can serve as an experimental platform being applied in the anatomic structure positioning in fluorescence tracer experiments.
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Objective To investigate the high-risk factors of progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI)after acute traumatic brain injury(TBI)and discuss its time for first scheduled brain CT.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 329 adult patients with blunt TBI,admitted to second affiliated hospital of Suzhou University from August 2009 to July 2010,was performed.Patients were divided into PHI high-risk group and non-PHI high-risk group based on whether clinical symptoms worsened before the first routine scheduled brain CT;and control study was established. Results Forty-one patients from the PHI high-risk group were performed first routine scheduled brain CT ahead of time([3.67±0.96]h)for appearing worsened clinical symptoms,while 288 patients with non-PHI high-risk group were performed first routine brain CT as schedule(8.38±3.03 h);significant difference on the time for the first brain CT was noted between the 2 groups(P<0.05).Statistical differences in aspects of intracranial hematoma volume>10 mL,intracranial hematoma type≥2,associated subarachnoid hemorrhage on initial brain CT,disturbance of consciousness,pupil dilation and scores of Glasgow Coma Scale≤12 on admission were noted between the 2 groups(P<0.05),and statistical differences in aspects of reduced platelet(Plt),prolonged prothrombin time(PT),prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),decreased Fibrinogen(FIB)on admission,bilateral brain injury,associated brain contusion,and skull fracture with epidural hematoma on initial brain CT were found between the 2 groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that intracranial hematoma volume>10 mL on initial brain CT, disturbance of consciousness and pupil dilation on admission were predictors for PHI high-risk patients (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with intracranial hematoma volume>10 mL on initial brain CT, disturbance of consciousness and pupil dilation on admission within 2 h of TBI, first routine scheduled brain CT should be performed within 3-4 h of TBI or even earlier.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the expression of SV40Tag, Rb and IRS-1 in gliomas and to identify their function in gliomagenesis and progression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue microarrays were constructed containing 118 samples including human glioma and meningioma, experimental glioma, and normal human brain tissue. The expression of SV40Tag, Rb, IRS-1, SV40Tag combined with Rb, and SV40Tag combined with IRS-1 were assayed by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical techniques. The expression ratio and level were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of SV40Tag, Rb and IRS-1 were detected in gliomas and benign brain tumors. Their positive expression rate in glioma was 65.9%, 64.6% and 48.8%, respectively, with a statistically non-significant difference between the malignant and benign brain tumors. The malignant degree was positively correlated with SV40Tag and IRS-1, but negatively correlated with Rb expression. The combined expression rate of SV40Tag and Rb was 51.2%, and the combined expression rate of SV40Tag and IRS-1 was 40.2%. In the normal human brain tissue only the expression of Rb (77.8%, 7/9) and IRS-1 (22.2%, 2/9) were detected, but expression of SV40Tag could not be observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings that no expression of SV40Tag was observed in normal human brain tissue indicates that expression of SV40Tag may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glioma. It may be assumed that after SV40 virus invading human body, Rb disfunction and IRS-1 activation promote the malignant transformation of cells, which could be one of important factors in pathogenesis and procession of glioms.</p>