Tea Consumption is Associated with Increased Risk of Kidney Stones in Northern Chinese: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Kidney stones are a common urinary system condition that can progress to kidney disease. Previous studies on the association between tea consumption and kidney stones are inconsistent. A cross-sectional study to investigate the association between tea consumption and kidney stones was conducted from 2013 to 2014 and recruited 9,078 northern Chinese adults. A total of 8,807 participants were included in the final analysis. Participants' prevalence of kidney stones was 1.07%, 1.73%, and 2.25% based on their tea consumption frequency of never, occasionally, and often groups, respectively. Compared with the 'never' group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the occurrence of kidney stones were 1.57 (1.00-2.46) and 1.65 (1.06-2.57) in the 'occasionally' and 'often' groups, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, and other potential confounding factors, tea consumption still significantly increased the risk of kidney stones. Tea consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in the investigated population, suggesting that a decrease in the consumption of tea may be a preventive strategy for kidney stones.

Detection of BK virus infection in renal transplant recipients and clinical application / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the detection methods of BK virus infection in kidney transplant recipients, and to explore the clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>132 cases of renal transplant recipients were undertaken BK virus detection including presence of decoy cells in urinary sediment, urine and serum BKV-DNA to demonstrate the BK virus replication.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among 132 cases of renal transplant recipients, urinary decoy cell was found in 37 (28.0%) patients and the median time was 12 months after surgery. 32 (24.2%) patients were diagnosed as BK viruria at a median of 11 months after surgery, and 16 (12.1%) recipients were diagnosed as BK viremia at a median of 15 months after surgery, 5 patients with BK viruria were diagnosed as BK virus associated nephropathy according to allograft biopsy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To make early diagnosis of BK virus infection, detection of urine decoy cells and BKV-DNA in urine and plasma sample is important,which provides an important basis for the prevention of BK virus associated nephropathy.</p>

Enhanced degradation of carbon tetrachloride by surfactant-modified zero-valent iron / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Sorption of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the rate-limiting step in the degradation of CT, so the sorption capacity of ZVI is of great importance. This experiment was aimed at enhancing the sorption of CT by ZVI and the degradation rate of CT by modification of surfactants. This study showed that ZVI modified by cationic surfactants has favorable synergistic effect on the degradation of CT. The CT degradation rate of ZVI modified by cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB) was higher than that of the unmodified ZVI by 130%, and the CT degradation rate of ZVI modified by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was higher than that of the unmodified ZVI by 81%. This study also showed that the best degradation effect is obtained at the near critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and that high loaded cationic surfactant does not have good synergistic effect on the degradation due to its hydrophilicity and the block in surface reduction sites. Furthermore degradation of CT by ZVI modified by nonionic surfactant has not positive effect on the degradation as the ionic surfactant and the ZVI modified by anionic surfactant has hardly any obvious effects on the degradation.

Efficacy and safety of different dosages of intravesical epirubicin instillation for prevention of primary superficial bladder carcinoma from recurrence / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficiency and safety of different regimens by intravesical instillation of epirubicin, a derivative of adriamycin, for the prevention of primary superficial bladder carcinoma from recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients supplemented with intravesical epirubicin instillation after operation were randomly divided into three groups: Group A--80 mg in one dose; Group B--repeated epirubicin 40 mg q wk x 4-8 sessions followed by q month to the end of the second year; or Group C--50 mg q month to the same duration. All patients were followed up for two years by observing the recurrence rates and side effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recurrence rate of groups A, B and C at one year was 16.7%, 13.3% and 16.7%, respectively, without any significant difference observed. However, it was 50.0%, 36.7% and 36.7% at two years, at which time the recurrence rate of group A was significantly higher than those of groups B and C. The side effects rate was 23.3%, 40.0% and 33.3% for groups A, B and C, respectively. The more instillations the patients had, the more severe side effects were.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early postoperative single high dose intravesical instillation of epirubicin combined with repeated lower doses of the same drug every month may be an efficient and safe regimen to prevent the primary superficial bladder carcinoma from recurrence.</p>