Changes of dietary pattern among adults in Liaoning province, 1989 to 2006 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of dietary pattern among adult residents in different areas of Liaoning province from 1989 to 2006.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy adults (6213 subjects) at age of 18 - 65 years from 480 households in three cities (Shenyang, Yingkou, Wafangdian) and three counties (Qingyuan, Huanren, Chaoyang) were selected with stratified multiple cluster random sampling. The information on nutrient intake of the subjects were collected from datasets of Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1989, 1991, 1993, 2000, 2004, and 2006. Different food intake, the nutrients intake percentages for recommended nutrition intake (RNI) and appropriate intake (AI), and the percentages of total energy and protein from grain, animal product, bean and its product were calculated to assess the residents' dietary pattern and nutrition status. The changes of dietary pattern among adult residents were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the residents, there were a 38.1% of decreased intake for grain (from 601.9 to 372.5 g/d), 20.5% for potato (from 75.6 to 60.1 g/d), 25.1% for beans (from 38.7 to 29.0 g/d), and a 77.2% of increased intake for fish and shrimp (from 25.0 to 44.3 g/d), 36.9% for livestock and poultry (from 65.6 to 89.8 g/d), 47.7% for fruit (from 70.7 to 104.4 g/d), and intake of milk product (from 5.8 to 21.3 g/d), egg (from 17.3 to 35.7 g/d), vegetable (from 296.1 to 316.3 g/d) were also increased from 1989 to 2006. During the period, the intake percentages of energy and protein from grain decreased from 67.5% (8.7 MJ/12.8 MJ per day) to 51.5% (5.0 MJ/9.6 MJ per day) and from 72.0% (66.2 g/91.9 g per day) to 59.7% (45.3 g/75.9 g per day), and on the contrary those from animal products increased from 8.9% (1.1 MJ/12.8 MJ per day) to 14.8 (1.4 MJ/9.6 MJ per day) and from 15.9% (14.6 g/91.9 g per day) to 27.9% (21.2 g/75.9 g per day), respectively. In 2006, the intake of vitamin A (508.9 µg/d) was 67.6% of it's RNI, intake of vitamin B(2) (0.9 mg/d) was 64.6% and the intake of calcium (453.7 mg/d) was 52.5% of it's AI among the residents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The intake of plant food decreased and that of animal food increased from 1989 to 2006 and the dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B(2) need to be increased among adult population of Liaoning province.</p>

Initial experiences of maintaining atrioventricular intrinsic conduction during cardiac resynchronization therapy in non-responders / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a major breakthrough in therapy for advanced heart failure patients; however, a number of key clinical research questions remain, perhaps most importantly the issue of why apparently suitable patients do not respond to CRT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven patients, six males and one female, aged (56.43 +/- 6.13) years, all diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, were included in this study. They were all non-responders to CRT who underwent routine optimization postoperatively, and received optimal drug therapy. On the basis of biventricular pacing, titrating various atrioventricular (AV) intervals were performed to get the true fusional QRS complexes composed of biventricular pacing and AV intrinsic conduction. Then, the effects of AV intrinsic conduction during CRT were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the setting of AV intrinsic conduction during CRT, the true fusional QRS complexes were the narrowest, and all patients showed alleviation of symptoms, improvement of exercise tolerance, life quality and hemodynamic parameters during more than 6 months of follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Titrating AV intervals to get the true fusional QRS complexes composed of biventricular pacing and AV intrinsic conduction will be beneficial for non-responders to CRT. Maintaining AV intrinsic conduction during CRT may decrease the rates of non-responders to CRT.</p>

The prospective study on the prognosis in patients with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation treated with implantable automatic cardioverter defibrillator / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of implantable automatic cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) on improvement of the prognosis of patients with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF). To compare the advantages and disadvantages of ICD with antiarrhythmic drug, to select the best indication of ICD and review the protocol of the following-up of ICD patients, and present scientific evidence for the morebroad popularization who needs ICD in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 99 selected patients who had the indication of class I, 27 patients were treated by ICD (ICD group), and 72 patients were not (non-ICD group). Patients in the two groups had the similar basic clinical characteristics. The incidence of syncope, CPR, and VF in ICD group were more common than those in non-ICD group. Patients in the two groups received same basic therapy. The total mortality rate and the incidence of cardiac events in two groups were compared in 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 15 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total mortality rate and the incidence of cardiac events in ICD group were significantly lower than those in non-ICD group in the follow-up period. The mortality rate in ICD group is 0, and the mortality rate in non-ICD group is 20.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) ICD treatment can decrease the incidence of cardiac events of patients with high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), and improve their survival. (2) The key measures to insure the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of ICD treatment is: to select the patients correctly, to optimize the implanting process and the follow-up, and use rational assistant therapy.</p>

Prognostic value of microvolt level T-wave alternans in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the predict value of microvolt level T-wave alternans (MTWA) for malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in high risk patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 105 healthy subjects (control group) and 138 patients with history of VT or VF or patients with LVEF < or = 45% (SCD high risk group) were included in this study (mean age 52 years old). MTWA, LVEF, HRV, NSVT, QRS, QTc values and MACE data (death, causes of death, MVA, re-hospitalization, syncope) during follow up (12.0 +/- 1.3) months were obtained.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The normal reference value of MTWA was defined as < 37 microV. Positive rate in SCD high risk group was significantly higher than that in control group (45.7% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.01). There was no cardiovascular event report in control group. In SCD high risk group, there were 11 deaths (MTWA positive rate 81.8%) including 7 SCD (MTWA positive rate 85.7%), 17 MVA (MTWA positive rate 88.2%), 9 cases of syncope (MTWA positive rate 77.8%), 21 cases of re-hospitalization during the follow up (MTWA positive rate 85.7%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive MTWA, a history of myocardial infarction and LVDd > or = 60 mm were risk factors for all cause of death and positive MTWA was the only factor to predict SCD. The factors related to MVA in turn were positive MTWA, LVEF < or = 35%, a history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and a history of syncope. Positive MTWA and LVEF < or = 35% are the independent risk factors for predicting MVA (P < 0.01). The sensitivity was 91% and specifity was 66% by combined use of positive MTWA and LVEF < or = 35% to predict MVA. MTWA positive rates were 68.3% and 87.5% respectively in 41 ICD patients and ICD patients with automatic shock during follow up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Non-invasive MTWA measurement could be used as a screening tool to predict SCD or MVA in high risk patients.</p>

Efficacy of implantable loop recorders in establishing symptom-rhythm correlation in patients with unexplained syncope / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of the implantable loop recorder (ILR) in establishing symptom-rhythm correlation in patients with unexplained syncope.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Implantable loop recorders (ILR, Reveal Plus(9526), Medtronic Inc.) were implanted in 10 patients [aged 14 - 78 (41 +/- 22) years, 6 female] with unexplained syncope from October 2002 to May 2005. Syncopal episodes were (4.5 +/- 1.4) patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the monitoring period [8 - 21 (15.3 +/- 3.6) months], there were 24 times syncopal episodes in 6 patients. A total of 211 arrhythmia events were documented by ILR in 7 patients and symptom-rhythm correlation could be established in these 7 patients. In 2 patients, there were no recurrent syncopes and no arrhythmia events could be recorded. In 1 patient, syncope was caused by reasons other than arrhythmia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ILR is useful in determining the presence or absence of an arrhythmia during symptoms of syncope when conventional diagnostic testing, such as electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, and/or external loop recording, is inconclusive.</p>

Analysis on the Epidemiological Characteristics and Relative Factors of Adult Overweight and Obesity in Liaoning Province / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics and relative factors of adults with overweight and obesity in Liaoning province.Methods With multi-stage randomized cluster sampling,8 120 cases were selected from the 540 families in seven urban and suburb districts of Liaoning province.data of overweight and obesity history and social- economic status for residents aged 18 yrs and over were investigated by face-to-face interview,weight and height of these subjects were measured.Result the overweight rate was 33.9%,the obesity rate was 13.7%.The prevalent rates of overweight and obesity were increased with the age and it was higher in city than in rural and in female than in male(all P