Progress in the Treatment of Adult Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disease dominated by the proliferation of Langerhans cells, which is inflammatory myeloid neoplasms. Its clinical manifestations are variable, occurring at any age and at any site, and it is rarer in adults than in children. The gold standard for diagnosis is histopathological biopsy. Due to the rarity of adult LCH and the heterogeneity of this disease, treatment of adult LCH should be developed according to the extent of the disease and risk stratification. With the discovery of MAPK, PI3K and c-KIT signaling pathway activation, especially BRAF V600E and MAP2K1 mutations, targeted therapy has become a hot spot for therapeutic research. Meanwhile, the discovery of high expression of M2-polarized macrophages and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in LCH has provided an important basis for the immunotherapy. In this article, we will focus on reviewing the latest research progress in the treatment of adult LCH in recent years, and provide a reference for clinical research on the treatment of adult LCH patients.

Absence of BAX differentially affects astrocyte density in the mouse cortex and hippocampus / 生理学报

Astrocytes are a heterogenous group of macroglia present in all regions of the brain and play critical roles in many aspects of brain development, function and disease. Previous studies suggest that the B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (BAX)-dependent apoptosis plays essential roles in regulating neuronal number and achieving optimal excitation/inhibition ratio. The aim of the present paper was to study whether BAX regulates astrocyte distribution in a region-specific manner. Immunofluorescence staining of SOX9 was used to analyze and compare astrocyte density in primary somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus in heterozygous and homozygous BAX knockout mice at age of six weeks when cortical development has finished and glia development has reached a relatively steady state. The results showed that astrocyte density varied significantly among different cortical subdivisions and between cortex and hippocampus. In contrast to the significant increase in GABAergic interneurons, the overall and region-specific astrocyte density remained unchanged in the cortex when BAX was absent. Interestingly, a significant reduction of astrocyte density was observed in the hippocampus of BAX knockout mice. These data suggest that BAX differentially regulates neurons and astrocytes in cortex as well as astrocytes in different brain regions during development. This study provided important information about the regional heterogeneity of astrocyte distribution and the potential contribution of BAX gene during development.

Clinical observation on intravenous thrombolytic bridging and vascular intervention for treatment of patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion: a report of 7 cases / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis combined with vascular intervention for treatment of patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion treated by using alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis combined with intravascular intervention admitted to Department of Neurosurgery in Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Cinese People's Armed Police Force from July 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All the 7 patients were treated by alteplase dry powder (50 mg or 20 mg each ampule),solvent dose was 0.9 mg/kg,the maximum dose being ＜ 90 mg,firstly 10％ dose was intravenously injected,and the remaining dose was continuously infused into a vein in 60 minutes,during or after intravenous thrombolysis,digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately,and according to the results of the angiography,at least one of the 3 kinds of intravascular mechanical intervention therapy,thrombectomy,balloon dilatation or stent placement,were chosen,and 24 hours after surgery,the anti-platelet aggregation drug and calcium channel antagonists were given,The effect of interventional therapy was analyzed,and the clinical outcome of 90-day treatment was evaluated.Results The mean age of the patients was (60.0 ± 12.6) years.Seven patients all successfully completed the treatment,and satisfactory re-canalization was achieved [they all obtained grade 3 or 2b in accord with the gradation of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale (TICI)] in all the 7 cases (100％),after treatment,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was significantly lower than that before treatment (5.86 ±4.10 vs.19.71 ± 5.56,P ＜0.01).Clinical outcome of 90-day follow up was excellent [Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2] in 3 cases (42.8％).Conclusion Using alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis combined with endovascular intervention for treatment of patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion can achieve good re-canalization rate.

The effect of ultra-early stent-assisted coil embolization in the treatment of ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms / 天津医药

Objective To explore the efficacy of ultra-early stent-assisted coil (SAC) in the treatment of intracranial rupture of wide- necked aneurysms. Methods The angiographic and clinical data of 24 patients (including 8 male, 16 female, age ranged from 29 to 86 years, with a median age 59) with acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms treated with SAC were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative complications and clinical results were observed. The postoperative embolization was assessed according to the Raymond grading standard. The assessment of the follow-up results from 6 to 12 months after procedure was observed according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Results Procedure-related complications occurred in 3 patients (12.5%). All of them were hemorrhagic events, of which 2 cases died. Perioperative death was found in 3 cases. Of the 19 surviving patients, 17 showed good recovery (mRS 0-2). After 6 to 12 months of DSA, no recurrence of aneurysm was found in 10 follow-up patients. Conclusion Ultra-early stent-assisted coil treatment for intracranial wide-neck rupture aneurysm can improve the success rate of embolization and reduce the recurrence.

The role of hypoxia induced factor-1alpha/apelin/APJ pathway in cardiac stem cell proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation after hypoxia preconditioning / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies demonstrated that cardiac stem cells (CSCs) transplantation could improve cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the overall survival and cardiac differentiation of CSCs were low. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hypoxia preconditioning on CSCs proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation and the role of hypoxia induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1α)/apelin/putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT1 (APJ) pathway in the procedure. METHODS: Cells cultured in vitro experienced exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 hours. Cardiogenic differentiation was induced by using 5-azacytidine for another 24 hours. Then, cells were cultured in normal condition for 2 weeks. Normoxia (20% O2) was used as a negative control during the whole process. Cell proliferation was detected using MTS method and expressions of HIF-1α, apelin, cTnT and APJ were detected using western blot assay after 24 hours of preconditioning and 2 weeks after the induction of differentiation; the percentage of cTnT-positive cardiomyocyte-like cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normoxia group, the hypoxia group presented a higher proliferation rate and a higher absorbance value at 490 nm (P < 0.01); the protein expressions of HIF-1α, apelin and APJ were all enhanced after hypoxia exposure for 24 hours and 2 weeks after the induction of differentiation (P < 0.01); the percentage of cTnT-positive cells was greatly increased in the hypoxia group (P < 0.01), and the expression of cTnT was also significantly intensified (P < 0.01). To conclude, hypoxia preconditioning could promote the proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of CSCs, and the activation of HIF-1α/Apelin/APJ pathway might be involved in this process.

Pathogenesis of foot blisters caused by weight-bearing march / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To analyze the related factors of foot blisters caused by long-distance weight-bearing march and to explore the pathogenesis of foot blisters to provide a useful way for the prevention and treatment.Methods After the 300 km march,counted the number who had accomplished the march,and then recorded the number of foot blisters,location of blisters,and abrasion of sole.Collected the data of gender,age,body mass index (BMI),hand dominance,and whether had bliters before the march through questionnaire.And the data were coded for analysis with SPSS 13.0 statistical package.Results The 7 cases who complete the whole march and 17 cases who already had foot blisters before the march were ruled out of the final statistics.Among the remaining 590 cases,there were 554 cases (93.9%)suffered from foot blisters.And there were 1 282 blisters in total,among which the plantar blisters occupied 98% (1 257 cases).The analysis showed that the incidence of foot blisters had no significant correlation with gender,left/right foot,hand dominance,BMI and age.The predilection sites of blisters were the second and third metatarsals (28.2%),the hallux (21.3%),the fifth metatarsal (18.1%),and the calcaneus (15.8%)of the left foot.The predilection sites of blisters were the second and third metatarsals (33.3%),the hallux (22.4%),the fifth metatarsal (18.6%),and the calcaneus (14.5%)of the right foot.In terms of the abrasion of sole,the lateral heel was worn out the most (34.6% on the left and 34.2% on the right).Conclusion The study confirmed that the incidence of foot blisters had no significant correla-tion with gender,left/right foot,hand dominance,BMI and age,which may be affected by the particularity of this march.Most of the foot blisters occurred in the planta,and the predilection sites of blisters were in accord with sites of of the abrasion of sole and the distribution of plantar shear force,which demonstrated the shear force is the most critical factor on the pathogenesis of foot blisters.

Effect of adrenomedullin on intestinal epithelial barrier function under hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and possi-ble mechanism / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of adrenomedullin on epithelial barrier function of Caco-2 cells under hypoxia/reoxygen-ation injury and the molecular mechanism.Methods Build hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model,Caco-2 cells were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group( N) ,hypoxia/reoxygenation group( H/R) and hypoxia/reoxygenation plus 1 μmol/L adrenomedullin group(H/R+AM).Transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) was determined,and the laser confocal microscope was used to detect the construction of tight junction.The protein expressions of tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO-1) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κBp65) were examined by using western blotting.Results Pretreatment of AM significantly attenuated the disruption of morphological structure of tight junction caused by H/R.The TEER of N group,H/R group and H/R+AM group were(157.68 ±5.54),(96.06 ±3.42),(134.56 ± 4.72) Ohm/cm2 respectively.After AM pretreatment, the TEER were significantly raised compared with that in H/R group by 40.00%(P<0.05).The relative protein expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in N group,H/R group and H/R+AM group were [(0.43 ±0.03), (0.27 ±0.04)],[(0.20 ±0.03),(0.15 ±0.07)],[(0.32 ±0.15),(0.21 ±0.03)]respectively.After AM pretreatment,the protein ex-pression of Occludin and ZO-1 were significantly raised compared with that in H/R group(by 60.00% and 40.00%).Simultaneously,the relative protein expressions of NF-κBp65 in N group,H/R group and H/R+AM group were (0.53 ±0.30),(2.89 ±0.16),(1.75 ±0.25) respectively.And H/R induced NF-κBp65 activation was significantly inhibited by AM treatment (decreased as compared with H/R group by 40.00%).Conclusion AM can attenuate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by regulating the expression of intestinal tight junction pro-teins.The inhibition of NF-κB activation may be involved in this mechanism.

Exposure Assessment of Sb2O3 in PET Food Contact Materials / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study was conducted to do exposure assessment of the possible migration of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) food contact materials (FCM). Consumption Factor (CF) and Food-type Distribution Factor (fT) were calculated from survey data with reference to the US FDA method. The most conservative migration conditions were obtained by testing Sb migration from PET FCM based on the Chinese national standard of GB/T 5009.101-2003[1]. Migration levels of Sb from PET FCM were tested and migration levels of Sb2O3 were obtained through molecular weight conversion between Sb and Sb2O3. Exposure assessment of Sb2O3 was undertaken. The Chinese Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of Sb2O3 resulted from PET FCM was 90.7 ng p-1d-1.

Comparative analysis on thoracoscopic surgery and conventional thoracotomy for emergency surgical treatment in multiple rib fracture complicating pulmonary laceration / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the effect of video‐assisted thoracoscopic(VAT) surgery and conventional thoracotomy in emergency treatment of multiple rib fracture complicating pulmonary laceration to provide the reference for clinical treatment .Meth‐ods Forty‐seven cases of multiple rib fracture complicating pulmonary laceration in our hospital from April 2013 to April 2014 were selected and divided into the VAT group(n=32) and thoracotomy group(n=15) according to the willingness of patients .The two groups performed the thoracoscopic and traditional thoracotomy titanium nickel alloy rib plate treatment respectively .The sur‐gery situation ,complications and changes of perioperative blood gas levels were compared between the two groups .Results The op‐eration time ,intraoperative bleeding volume ,ICU hospitalization time ,total hospitalization time and postoperative analgesic in the VAT group were lower than those in the thoracotomy group ,the differences were statistically significant (P0 .05) .The excellent rate in the VAT group was 90 .6% ,which was higher than 66 .7% in the thoracotomy group ,and the differ‐ence was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Thoracoscopic internal fixation for the treatment of multiple rib fractures complicating laceration has the advantages of minimal trauma ,convenient operation and high safety ,could effectively alleviate the patient′s sufferring ,improve the living quality ,and be a better way of treatment .

Protective effect of matrine on lung injury associated with single lung ventilation during thoracic surgery / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of matrine on lung injury associated with single lung ventilation during thorac-ic surgery,and to explore and consummate the prevention and control measures of single lung ventilation related lung injury.Methods To-tally 97 cases of non small cell lung cancer patients were randomly divided into the observation group ( 50 cases ) and the control group (47 cases) .The two groups of patients were given the same way of anesthesia.Patients of the observation group received intravenous drip of 2 mL matrine injection which were dissolved in 100 mL saline solution 30 min before anesthesia, while patients of the control group were merely given 100 mL saline solution 30 min before anesthesia.The pulmonary shunt fraction( Qs/Qt) ,xanthine oxidase( XOD) ,myeloperoxi-dase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide(NO) of the following points in time were compared:before anesthesia induction (T0),the instant of OLV (T1),60 minutes after OLV(T2),120 minutes after OLV(T3),after lung inflation (T4),and 24 hours after opera-tion ( T5) .Results At the time of T1 to T4,pulmonary shunt fraction of the two groups were both significantly higher than that at T0 with sig-nificant difference ( P0.05) .The PMN counts of the two groups at the time of T2 to T5 were significantly higher than that of T0 with significant difference (P<0.05),and the PMN counts at the time of T2 to T5 in the control group were significantly higher than that in the observation group with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of serum XOD,MPO,and SOD at T2 to T4 in both of the two groups were significantly higher than that at T0 with signif-icant difference (P<0.05),and the serum levels of XOD,MPO and SOD at T2 to T4 in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of serum NO at T2 to T4 in both of the two groups were significantly higher than that at T0 with significant difference (P<0.05),and it was significantly lower than that in the observation group with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion The matrine pretreatment of lung injury in the patients with single lung ventilation has a protective effect, which can reduce the levels of oxidative stress and promote the NO release in patients by reducing PMN,XOD and MPO levels.

An estimation of the daily intake of di(2-ethlhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) among workers in flavoring factories / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the daily intake of DEHP among workers in flavoring factories.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>71 workers in two flavoring manufacturers, 27 administrators in those factories and 31 laboratory technicians in a research institute were recruited and assigned to exposure group, control group 1 and control group 2 respectively. Their urinary DEHP metabolites, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), were detected by isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The urinary metabolites concentrations were converted into DEHP intake levels using two pharmacokinetic models: the urine creatinine-excretion (UCE) one and the urine volume (UV) one.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant differences were found among the three groups. Based on the urinary concentrations of Σ₃MEHP, we got a median daily DEHP intake of 3.22 or 1.85 μg/kg body-weight/day applying the UV or UCE models respectively. Depending on the UV model, three subjects (2.34%) exceeded the RfD value given by US EPA and the P₅₀ of estimate daily DEHP intakes accounted for 16.10% of the RfD value. No subjects exceeded the limitation depending on the UCE model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The workers in flavoring factories were not supposed to be the high DEHP exposure ones and their exposure level remained at a low risk.</p>

Risk analysis of sulfites used as food additives in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study was to analyze the risk of sulfites in food consumed by the Chinese people and assess the health protection capability of maximum-permitted level (MPL) of sulfites in GB 2760-2011. Sulfites as food additives are overused or abused in many food categories. When the MPL in GB 2760-2011 was used as sulfites content in food, the intake of sulfites in most surveyed populations was lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Excess intake of sulfites was found in all the surveyed groups when a high percentile of sulfites in food was in taken. Moreover, children aged 1-6 years are at a high risk to intake excess sulfites. The primary cause for the excess intake of sulfites in Chinese people is the overuse and abuse of sulfites by the food industry. The current MPL of sulfites in GB 2760-2011 protects the health of most populations.

Effects of mild hypothermia combined with edaravone on expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe traumatic brain injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia combined with edaravone on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of patients with severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI)and on their prognoses. Methods A prospective randomizd controled trial was conducted. Seventy-seven patients in the Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces were randomly assigned into control group(38 cases)and treatment group(39 cases)according to random number table. All the patients were treated with routine treatments such as dehydration of intracranial pressure(ICP),neural nutrition,anti-infection,mechanical ventilation and maintenance of water and electrolyte balance in control group,while in treatment group,the patients received mild hypothermia combined with edaravone on the basis of routine treatment within 24 hours after injury. The contents of TNF-αand IL-6 in CSF were measured by radio-immunoassay(RIA)at different time points in both groups. In the meantime,the ICP was also measured. The prognosis was evaluated after 6 months of injury according to Glasgow outcome scale(GOS). Results Compared to control group,in the treatment group,the expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in CSF had no significant difference(both P>0.05)on the 1st day after injury,but they were significantly increased on the 3rd day after injury,began to decline on the 7th day,and reached to the valley value on the 14th day after injury,the degree of descent in treatment group being more significant than that in control group〔TNF-α(μg/L):2.43±0.39 vs. 3.12±0.47,IL-6(ng/L):83.53±11.48 vs. 101.69±13.64,both P0.05),but it was gradually increased on the 1st day after injury in both groups,it reached the peak value on the 3rd day after injury,and began to decline on the 7th day after injury,the degree of descent being more significant in treatment group〔mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):14.88±3.73 vs. 21.76±4.78,P<0.01〕. The favorable prognosis rate was significantly higher〔35.9%(14/39)vs. 21.1%(8/38),P<0.05〕,and the mortality was obviously lower in treatment group than those of control group〔28.2%(11)vs. 42.1%(16),P<0.05〕. Conclusion In patients with sTBI,mild hypothermia combined with edaravone can protect brain tissue through alleviating high ICP and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in CSF, resulting in promoting the recovery of nerve functions and improving prognosis.

Exploration on eye needling manipulation / 中国针灸

The 40-year experiences in the clinical application of eye acupuncture in our hospital are summarized. The manipulation of needle insertion, withdrawal and puncture procedure is analyzed. The keys of the techniques of eye acupuncture are explained. The basic needling manipulations are determined. In the insertion of needle, professor Peng stressed on the stability, accuracy and fast, without lifting, thrusting, rotating, and opening/closing techniques involved. TIAN Wei-zhu emphasizes the gentle insertion, pain avoiding, apparent needling sensation and needling sensation transmission. In terms of acupuncture operation, skin stretching, patient's attention shifting, quick insertion of needle and slow-down moving of needle body are required. The outside orbit transverse needling method is recommended basically.

A survey of urolithiasis in young children fed infant formula contaminated with melamine in two townships of Gansu, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the prevalence of urolithiasis in young children fed infant formula (IF) contaminated with melamine, and the association between IF consumption and urolithiasis.</p><p><b>DESIGN</b>A total of 2 733 children < or = 3 years of age on September 1, 2008 in two townships of Gansu Province, China were studied. Cases of urolithiasis were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Milk product consumption was determined by their caregivers. Remaining IF samples were tested for melamine and cyanuric acid.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 2 733 eligible children in the two townships, 2 186 (80%) were enrolled in our study. Overall, 16.6% (362) of 2 186 children had urolithiasis. The prevalence was 24.6% in children exclusively fed Sanlu brand IF, 9.7% in those fed other IF, and 8.5% in those fed exclusively on other milk products. For children exclusively breast-fed, no urolithiasis was found (P < 0.05). The prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.4% in children fed 400 g of Sanlu IF, rising to 37.5% in children fed over 25 600 g. Of 48 Sanlu IF samples, 91.7% contained melamine (median = 1 800 ppm; range = 45-4 700) and 66.7% contained cyanuric acid (median = 1.2 ppm; range = 0.4-6.3). Melamine was also detected in 22.2% of 36 other brand IF (median = 27.5 ppm, range = 4-50).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Urolithiasis was associated with melamine-contaminated IF. Although one product caused most morbidity, other milk products may have also contributed to the outbreak.</p>

Study on migration of melamine from food packaging materials on markets / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the migration of melamine into foods from plastic food packaging materials and dairy product containers commonly used in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>37 samples were collected from the market. The EU migration testing conditions were adopted with distilled water, 3% acetic acid, n-hexane and 15% ethanol being chosen as the simulating solutions. The HPLC method was used to detect melamine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No melamine was detected in 15 dairy product containers. Among the 22 plastic samples, 16 of polypropylene, and polycarbonate types had no detectable amount melamine while a low level of melamine was found in 3 of the 6 melamine resin containers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Migration of melamine from food packaging materials in China market is in line with the requirements of EU.</p>

Assessment on dietary melamine exposure from tainted infant formula / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the dietary melamine exposure in Chinese infants and young children from the consumption of melamine adulterated Sanlu infant formula.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four age groups of infants and young children (3, 6, 12, and 24 months) were chosen as the assessed subjects and the maximum amount of infant formula consumption was estimated based on the recommended usage level in the package insert of Sanlu infant formula and other brands. Melamine was analyzed in 111 Sanlu infant formula samples collected from the markets in Beijing and Gansu province using the LC-MS-MS with a limit of quantification of 0.05 mg/kg. Four levels of melamine concentration were chosen to estimate the dietary intakes, including the mean, median, 90th percentile, and maximum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infants of 3 months had the highest intake of melamine, and with the increase of the age (month), the intake decreased. Based on the median melamine concentration (1,000 mg/kg) as an example, the melamine intakes for the infants of 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were 23.4, 21.4, 15.0, and 8.6 mg/kg bw/d, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary melamine intakes from tainted Sanlu infant formula significantly exceeded the TDI level (0.2 mg/kg bw/d) recommended by the WHO Expert Meeting in 2008. However, the present assessment has some limitations including the poor representative samples, the varied melamine concentrations in the adulterated Sanlu infant formula, and other brand infant formula possibly consumed by these infants.</p>

National continuous monitoring on the content of lead in preserved eggs from 2000 to 2006 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the pollution level and development trend of lead in the preserved egg in our country.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By the national food contamination monitoring system and under the strict analysis quality control, the content of lead in the preserved eggs was analyzed according to the national standard method (GB/T 5009.12-2003) in fourteen provinces from 2000 to 2006.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 1358 data on contents of lead in the preserved eggs were obtained during seven years, the total average was 1.782 mg/kg, the maximum was 334.0 mg/kg, P90 was 3.50 mg/kg, P95 was 7.397 mg/kg and P97.5 was 12.01 mg/kg, all exceeded 2 mg/kg of the national limit standard, and the rate of violated samples exceeded 10.0%. Analyzing from time, contents of lead in the preserved eggs were depressive from 2.994 mg/kg to 1.138 mg/kg year after year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lead contamination in preserved eggs was serious in whole country. It shows that the continuous work of monitoring and forewarning should be carried out to make the contamination of lead in preserved eggs to reduce year by year.</p>

Determination of bisphenol A and alkyl phenols in canned food with high performance liquid chromatography--fluorescence / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a comprehensive analytical high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) in detecting bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in canned food sold in Beijing markets.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BPA, NP and OP was extracted with methanol and dichloroacetamide and concentrated. The samples were purified on an solid extraction cartridges. The HPLC system consisted of Waters XTerra MS C18 column, a mixture of methanol and water as mobile phase and fluorescence detector with the excitation and emission wavelength at 225 nm and 310 nm respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The method established had a linear relationship, showing the detection limit of BPA, OP and NP being 0.5, 0.1 and 0.1 microg/kg in canned vegetable and instant noodle and 1, 0.5 and 0.5 microg/kg in canned fish and meat can, respectively. The recoveries of BPA, NP and OP were 74.9%-95.1% , 76.3%-103.6% and 72.1%-109.2%. The precision was 4.98%-11.2% , 2.35%-8.88% and 5.61%-12.3%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple with high sensitivity and selectivity, suitable for the determination of NP, OP and BPA in canned food.</p>

Professor Tian Wei-zhu's clinical experiences in acupuncture treatment of stroke / 中国针灸

Professor Tian Wei-zhu, a national famous physician and an acupuncture specialist. He has consummate skill of acupuncture and profound theories, and clinically, he is good at application of eye acupuncture with rich experiences. The present paper introduces professor TIAN's clinical experiences including combination of both yin channels with yang channels, and combination of eye acupuncture with body acupuncture in treatment of stroke; standardized acupuncture manipulation, and emphasizing acupuncture effects; stressing treatment by stages and paying attention to acupuncture regulation at the spasm stage for treatment of hemiplegia.