Résumé
Trichomoniasis, which is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection [STI] in the world including Iran. There were roughly 250 million new cases all over the world in a year. T. vaginalis as an important disease has been associated with HIV [in terms of exposure to sexually transmitted infection, STI] which increases the number of high-risk members, and thus it is an important public health problem. Additionally, this pathogen has been associated with serious health consequences. For instance, it may cause a woman to deliver a low-birth-weight or premature infant, and increase chances of cervical can-cer. Because little information is available about the prevalence of T. vaginalis infec-tion in Iranian population, this review was carried out to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis among Iranian population. For this systematic review, data about epi-demiology of T. vaginalis in different parts of Iran with different populations were systematically collected from 1992 to 2017 through the international databases such as PubMed, Scirus, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Direct and Google Scholar and Islamic World Science Citation Center [ISC]. National database searching included Iran Medex, Iran Doc, Magiran and Scientific Information Data-base [SID]. A total of 39 clinical and laboratory investigations about the prevalence of Trichomoniasis from different regions of Iran were analyzed. The overall preva-lence rate of T. vaginalis infection in Iranian population was estimated to be mini-mally 0.4% and maximally 42%. The present review showed that T. vaginalis infec-tion rate is relatively high among the Iranian population. The control strategies, in-cluding personal hygienic education, simultaneous couple treatment, the sensitivity of diagnostic methods, appropriate preventive tool [condom] in sexual contacts could lead to the disruption of transmission
Résumé
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated parasite affecting about 276 million people annually worldwide. Tricomoniasis is associated with different complications in pregnant women and infants. S'-nitroimidazole derivatives [metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole] are FDA approved drugs recommended for trichomoniasis treatment. Treatment with metronidazole S'-nitroimidazole derivatives is associated with many side effects, and drug resistance to metronidazole has been reported in some cases. Recently, many attempts have been made to evaluate the effects of plants on causative agents of vaginal infections. In our research, the national and international databases were searched and the effects of various herbal extracts on T. vaginalis in Iran were reviewed from 2006 to 2016. In articles investigated, some plants had favorable antitrichomonal effects and needed to be further investigated. All the plant extracts have only been evaluated in vitro. Surveys of different articles in this review show that the active ingredients present in different parts of plants, including aerial parts, leaves, flowers, stems, and root can be suitable sources for introducing and developing new antitrichomonal compounds