Research Progress of PD-L1 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells in Malignant Tumors / 肿瘤防治研究

In recent years, with the in-depth study of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the development of immunotherapy, the first problem is how to screen the beneficiaries. Recent clinical studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells (CTC) can be used as a potential biomarker to play a guiding role in immunotherapy of malignant tumors. This article reviews the latest clinical research progress on the expression of PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells in various solid tumors.

Soft-tissue Fixation of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Treatment of Recurrent Dislocation of the Patella in Adolescents / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy of the soft-tissue fixation in reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL) in treating the recurrent dislocation of patella in adolescents.Methods A total of 12 adolescents undergoing MPFL reconstruction for the recurrent dislocation of patella between March 2014 and October 2015 were included.The autologous hamstring tendon was harvested and fixated using the soft-tissue fixation method in the MPFL reconstruction.A rapid rehabilitation program was carried out postoperatively.Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm,international knee documentation committee(IKDC),Kujala knee scores preoperatively and during the postoperative follow-up.Moreover,the degree of satisfaction to the surgery and the restoration of sports activities were also surveyed.Results All patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months,with an average of 12 months.There was no recurrence of dislocation.During the final follow-up,all patients restored the full range of activity and normal medial patellar stability.The Lysholm,IKDC and Kujala knee scores were significantly improved postoperatively compared with those preoperatively (P＜0.01).Ten patients were very satisfied with the operation and the other 2 were satisfied with the surgery.Among all the patients (non-professional athletes),75％(9/12) fully regained their sport abilities in 6 months after the surgery.Conclusions Reconstruction of MPFL with the soft-tissue fixation method has achieved remarkable clinical results without severe complications associated with bony procedures.For the adolescent patients with open growth plates,this is a safe,effective and reliable surgical technique.