Analysis of design scheme and manufacturing process of laser-cut 316L medical catheters / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the manufacturing process and performance of laser-cut 316L medical catheters based on catheter designs with different cutting methods.Methods Two design schemes of straight and oblique spiral cut were proposed under interrupted spiral cut pattern.Straight and oblique spiral cut medical catheters were obtained with desired laser parameters,cutting speed and focus position of the laser cutting machine,oxygen as the auxiliary gas and nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid as the acid cleaning solution for the post-treatment process,which were compared with Direxion torqueable microcatheter and tested for traceability,torsion control and tensile strength.Results Laser-cut 316L medical catheters were less likely to hurt blood vessels for its advantages over Direxion torqueable microcatheter in surface brightness and roundness of grooved edges,while Direxion torqueable microcatheter behaved better in intensity and width uniformity of grooves and regularity of semi circles at ends of grooves.Straight spiral cut medical catheters had the traceability,torsion control and tensile strength increased by 50％,22％and 33％respectively when compared with oblique spiral cut catheters.Conclusion Laser cutting parameters and post-treatment process are the main factors affecting the appearance and size of laser cut medical catheters,and also of importance for improving the qualified rate of product processing and assembly.The catheter cutting design scheme is also a key element influencing the physical properties of medical catheters.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):31-36]

Improved unilateral puncture PVP based on 3D printing technology for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with 3D printing technology for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture.@*METHODS@#A total of 77 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures from October 2020 to April 2022 were included in the study, all of which were vertebral body compression fractures caused by trauma. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into experimental group and control group. Thirty-two patients used 3D printing technology to improve unilateral transpedicle puncture vertebroplasty in the experimental group, there were 5 males and 27 females, aged from 63 to 91 years old with an average of (77.59±8.75) years old. Forty-five patients were treated with traditional bilateral pedicle puncture vertebroplasty, including 7 males and 38 females, aged from 60 to 88 years old with an average of(74.89±7.37) years old. Operation time, intraoperative C-arm X-ray times, anesthetic dosage, bone cement injection amount, bone cement diffusion good and good rate, complications, vertebral height, kyphotic angle (Cobb angle), visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and other indicators were recorded before and after surgery, and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 6 to 23 months, with preoperative imaging studies, confirmed for thoracolumbar osteoporosis compression fractures, two groups of patients with postoperative complications, no special two groups of patients' age, gender, body mass index (BMI), time were injured, the injured vertebral distribution had no statistical difference(P>0.05), comparable data. Two groups of patients with bone cement injection, bone cement dispersion rate, preoperative and postoperative vertebral body height, protruding after spine angle(Cobb angle), VAS, ODI had no statistical difference(P>0.05). The operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times and anesthetic dosage were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05). Compared with the traditional bilateral puncture group, the modified unilateral puncture group combined with 3D printing technology had shorter operation time, fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and less anesthetic dosage. The height of anterior vertebral edge, kyphosis angle (Cobb angle), VAS score and ODI of the affected vertebrae were statistically different between two groups at each time point after surgery(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures, 3D printing technology is used to improve unilateral puncture PVP, which is convenient and simple, less trauma, short operation time, fewer fluoroscopy times, satisfactory distribution of bone cement, vertebral height recovery and kyphotic Angle correction, and good functional improvement.

Loss-of-Function Variant in the SMPD1 Gene in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Richardson Syndrome Patients of Chinese Ancestry

Lysosomal dysfunction plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and possibly Parkinson-plus syndromes such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This role is exemplified by the involvement of variants in the GBA1 gene, which results in a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase and is the most frequently identified genetic factor underlying PD worldwide. Pathogenic variants in the SMPD1 gene are a recessive cause of Niemann–Pick disease types A and B. Here, we provide the first report on an association between a loss-of-function variant in the SMPD1 gene present in a heterozygous state (p.Pro332Arg/p.P332R, which is known to result in reduced lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase activity), with PSP-Richardson syndrome in three unrelated patients of Chinese ancestry.

Distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients with wound infection in Yunnan / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the distribution characteristics of the main pathogens of HIV/AIDS patients with wound infections and provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods　The clinical data of 294 patients with positive secretions or pus specimens from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results　A total of 357 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 294 cases, of which 123 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (G-b), accounting for 34.5%, were mainly Escherichia coli (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%); Gram-positive bacilli (G+b) 14 strains, accounting for 3.9%; 108 Gram-positive cocci (G+c), accounting for 30.3%, of which 44 strains were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (12.3%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.2%) and Staphylococcus hemolyticus (2.8%); 37 strains of fungi, accounting for 10.4%, were mainly Candida albicans (5.9%); 75 strains of Mycobacterium, accounting for 21.0%, including 41 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (11.5%) and 34 strains of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (9.5%). 52 of the 294 HIV/AIDS patients had mixed infections, accounting for 17.7%. There was significant difference in the distribution of G+c, G-b, mycobacteria and mixed infection among different specimen sources (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the distribution of mycobacteria among different CD4+T lymphocyte counts (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the level of CD4+T lymphocytes between patients of different ages (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the level of CD4+T lymphocytes from postoperative incision and other parts (P<0.05). Conclusions　Patients with HIV/AIDS are prone to combined wound infections with various pathogenic bacteria. We should strengthen the research on wound infection in HIV/AIDS patients, and timely send patients with a low number of CD4+T lymphocytes for secretion or pus culture, so as to carry out targeted treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.

Inhibition of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on transforming growth factor-beta 2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)on transforming growth factor-beta 2(TGF-β2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human lens epithelial cells(LECs).METHODS: LECs were treated with various doses of PDTC chemicals following TGF-β2 caused EMT on these cells. Cell proliferation and lateral migration were discovered using the CCK-8 and cell scratch test. The markers of EMT, including E-cadherin, α-SMA and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway-related expression, were tested by Western Blot as well as the changes in the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins BAX, BCL-2, Caspase-3, and Cyclin D1.RESULTS: The proliferation and migration viability of cells in the TGF-β2 treated group was increased compared to the group without TGF-β2, and the expression of α-SMA increased whereas the E-cadherin expression decreased. With the effect of TGF-β2, NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 expression increased, the concentration of TGF-β2 that had the greatest capacity for proliferation and migration was 10 ng/mL(P&#x003C;0.05). Mechanism study of PDTC-induced EMT reversal and apoptosis showed that cell viability and migratory capability were both significantly reduced after PDTC intervention; PDTC prevents IκB phosphorylation, thus inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. Protein associated to the NF-κB signaling pathway, and protein expression of NF-κB/IκBα/p-IκBα/Iκκ-α/p-Iκκ-α was decreased(P&#x003C;0.05), PDTC increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX/Caspase-3, expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein BCL-2 and the cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 was reduced. The expression of NF-κB/IκB mRNA was reduced, expression of the apoptosis-related mRNA BAX increased, while BCL-2 reduced.CONCLUSION: The EMT in LECs cells induced by TGF-β2 can be significantly reversed by PDTC, which may be related to the decreased expression of NF-κB p65/IκB/Iκκ-α and activation of apoptosis-related protein. PDTC can reverse EMT by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway and induce apoptosis of abnormally proliferated cells, which will provide new potential therapeutic agents for posterior capsular opacification(PCO)treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of 4 cases imported severe malaria and COVID-19 co-infection / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of imported severe malaria and COVID-19 co-infection cases, and to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control measures. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment process and prognosis of 4 cases of severe malaria and COVID-19 co-infection with confirmed diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively. Four cases of severe malaria were African returnees of the same batch, male, aged 40-54 years old, with the same journey track. They all had African work and life history and acute onset. The main clinical manifestations were fever (4/4), chills (3/4), chills (3/4), nausea and vomiting (3/4), diarrhea (4/4), fatigue and anorexia (4/4). Two cases had headache and dizziness, confusion, muscle aches, two cases had cough, one cases had sputum, sore throat and runny urine. All 4 cases were confirmed by positive nucleic acid detection of the new coronavirus (2019-nCOV) in throat swabs. Plasmodium falciparum was found by microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears of all patients, and all of them were consistent with high altitude helminthiasis. All cases were accompanied by abnormal liver function and severe hypoproteinemia, two cases were hyperbilirubinemia, three cases were dyslipidemia, three cases were involved in abnormal tertiary hemogram with different degrees of elevation of procalcitonin, two cases were lactic acid poisoning, and one case was hypoglycemia. One case showed viral pneumonia on chest CT. All cases were treated individually according to the different conditions and were discharged after improvement, and were rechecked for 2019-nCOV nucleic acid and microscopic examination of blood smear negative for Plasmodium.During the global COVID-19 epidemic, the emergence of coinfection cases of con-infection of imported malaria parasites and severe acuterespiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) makes the clinical diagnosis and treatment more complicated. It is important to establish the awareness of simultaneous prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19 and malaria for local prevention and control and early warning of severe cases, and timely and effective formulation of treatment plan to improve the comprehensive treatment efficiency.

The Structure and Function of Glial Networks: Beyond the Neuronal Connections / 神经科学通报·英文版

Glial cells, consisting of astrocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells, and microglia, account for >50% of the total number of cells in the mammalian brain. They play key roles in the modulation of various brain activities under physiological and pathological conditions. Although the typical morphological features and characteristic functions of these cells are well described, the organization of interconnections of the different glial cell populations and their impact on the healthy and diseased brain is not completely understood. Understanding these processes remains a profound challenge. Accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells can form highly complex interconnections with each other. The astroglial network has been well described. Oligodendrocytes and microglia may also contribute to the formation of glial networks under various circumstances. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of glial networks and their pathological relevance to central nervous system diseases. We also highlight opportunities for future research on the glial connectome.

A novel mesenchymal stem cell-based regimen for acute myeloid leukemia differentiation therapy

Currently the main treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is chemotherapy combining hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the unbearable side effect of chemotherapy and the high risk of life-threatening infections and disease relapse following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation restrict its application in clinical practice. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic tactics with significant efficacy and attenuated adverse effects. Here, we revealed that umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) efficiently induced AML cell differentiation by shuttling the neutrophil elastase (NE)-packaged extracellular vesicles (EVs) into AML cells. Interestingly, the generation and release of NE-packaged EVs could be dramatically increased by vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation in UC-MSC. Chemical activation of VDR by using its agonist 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 efficiently enhanced the pro-differentiation capacity of UC-MSC and then alleviated malignant burden in AML mouse model. Based on these discoveries, to evade the risk of hypercalcemia, we synthetized and identified sw-22, a novel non-steroidal VDR agonist, which exerted a synergistic pro-differentiation function with UC-MSC on mitigating the progress of AML. Collectively, our findings provided a non-gene editing MSC-based therapeutic regimen to overcome the differentiation blockade in AML.

Epididymis cell atlas in a patient with a sex development disorder and a novel NR5A1 gene mutation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aims to characterize the cell atlas of the epididymis derived from a 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) patient with a novel heterozygous mutation of the nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1) gene. Next-generation sequencing found a heterozygous c.124C>G mutation in NR5A1 that resulted in a p.Q42E missense mutation in the conserved DNA-binding domain of NR5A1. The patient demonstrated feminization of external genitalia and Tanner stage 1 breast development. The surgical procedure revealed a morphologically normal epididymis and vas deferens but a dysplastic testis. Microfluidic-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis found that the fibroblast cells were significantly increased (approximately 46.5%), whereas the number of main epididymal epithelial cells (approximately 9.2%), such as principal cells and basal cells, was dramatically decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of cell-cell communications and gene regulatory networks at the single-cell level inferred that epididymal epithelial cell loss and fibroblast occupation are associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The present study provides a cell atlas of the epididymis of a patient with 46,XY DSD and serves as an important resource for understanding the pathophysiology of DSD.

The association between heavy metal exposure and erectile dysfunction in the United States / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Literature regarding the impacts of heavy metal exposure on erectile dysfunction (ED) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between 10 urinary metals and ED in a large, nationally representative adult male sample. The dataset was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period of 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Weighted proportions and multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables were utilized to determine the relationship between metal exposure and ED. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was utilized to evaluate the impact of a mixture of urinary metals on ED. A total of 1328 participants were included in our study. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, cobalt (Co) and antimony (Sb) were positively associated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.73, P = 0.020; and OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12-1.77, P = 0.018, respectively) after full adjustment. Men in tertile 4 for Co (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.41, P for trend = 0.012) and Sb (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.08-2.40, P for trend = 0.041) had significantly higher odds of ED than those in tertile 1. Furthermore, the WQS index was significantly linked with increased odds of ED after full adjustment (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.72, P < 0.05). Our study expanded on previous literature indicating the possible role of heavy metal exposure in the etiology of ED. The evaluation of heavy metal exposure should be included in the risk assessment of ED.

Analysis of the risk factors for poor prognosis and recurrence in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis / 中华预防医学杂志

To investigate the risk factors of poor prognosis and recurrence in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. A single center, observational cohort study was used to retrospectively analyze 44 patients with anti NMDAR encephalitis hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Beijing Tong Ren Hospital from January 2014 to October 2020. The results showed that the interval from onset to immunotherapy in the poor prognosis group was significantly longer than that in the good prognosis group (t=2.045,P=0.047), and the course of disease in the poor prognosis group was significantly longer than that in the good prognosis group (t=4.127,P=0.000 2). The number of patients with clinical manifestations of dyskinesia was significantly increased (Fisher exact test: P=0.014). The patients with abnormal brain MRI in the poor prognosis group were significantly more than those in the good prognosis group (Fisher exact test: P=0.017), and the patients with slow wave>50% in the poor prognosis group were significantly more than those with slow wave <50% (Fisher exact test: P<0.001). Patients with the first onset of immunotherapy time <3 months, long course of disease, high intracranial pressure, and high cerebrospinal fluid protein are prone to relapse. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with dyskinesia, abnormal brain MRI, and slow wave EEG more than 50% were risk factors for poor prognosis (OR values were 4.687, 4.978, and 24.500, respectively; P values were 0.018, 0.016, and 0.000, respectively). The time of first-line immunotherapy for the first onset<3 months was the risk factor for recurrence (OR 17.231, P=0.010). In conclusion, dyskinesia, abnormal brain MRI and slow wave of EEG more than 50% may be the risk factors for poor prognosis of patients. The duration of immunotherapy less than 3 months after the first onset might be the risk factor for recurrence.

Causes of Abnormal Hemoglobin Electrophoresis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the possible causes of abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis results.@*METHODS@#The hemoglobin electrophoresis results of 5 696 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from September 2018 to July 2021 were collected, and the abnormal results and clinical significance were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The results of 486 patients (accounting for 8.53%) were abnormal, of which 300 cases had increased HbA2, 135 cases had decreased HbA2, 44 cases had increased F alone, and 7 cases had abnormal hemoglobin bands. Among the 486 patients, 246 patients were thalassemia gene positive (the positive rate was 50.62%), including 29 cases of α thalassemia, 208 cases of β thalassemia and 9 cases of αβ thalassemia. Among the patients with elevated HbA2, 68.67% were detected β thalassemia, 3.00% αβ thalassemia, 9.33% were suspected to be caused by macrocytosis, 6.33% by thyroid dysfunction, and 12.67% by uncertainty of the method. Among the patients with reduced HbA2, 21.48% were detected α thalassemia, 60.00% iron deficiency anemia, 8.15% were suspected to be caused by thyroid dysfunction, and 10.37% by uncertainty of the method. Among the patients with elevated F alone, the results of thalassemia gene detection were negative, 40.91% of them were suspected to be caused by macrocytosis, 27.27% by hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, 29.55% by special physiological condition of pregnant women, and 2.27% by hyperthyroidism. Abnormal hemoglobin bands were detected in 7 patients, including 4 cases of hemoglobin D, 2 cases of hemoglobin E, and 1 case of hemoglobin J.@*CONCLUSION@#Thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, macrocytosis such as megaloblastic anemia and non-severe aplastic anemia, thyroid dysfunction, hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, abnormal hemoglobin diseases, the uncertainty of the method are all important causes of abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis results. In clinical work, the patient's indicators should be comprehensively analyzed to determine the possible cause.

Acute Developmental Toxicity of Panax notoginseng in Zebrafish Larvae / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate toxicity of raw extract of Panax notoginseng (rPN) and decocted extract of PN (dPN) by a toxicological assay using zebrafish larvae, and explore the mechanism by RNA sequencing assay.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish larvae was used to evaluate acute toxicity of PN in two forms: rPN and dPN. Three doses (0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 µ g/mL) of dPN were used to treat zebrafishes for evaluating the developmental toxicity. Behavior abnormalities, body weight, body length and number of vertebral roots were used as specific phenotypic endpoints. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assay was applied to clarify the mechanism of acute toxicity, followed by real time PCR (qPCR) for verification. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chemoprofile of this herb.@*RESULTS@#The acute toxicity result showed that rPN exerted higher acute toxicity than dPN in inducing death of larval zebrafishes (P<0.01). After daily oral intake for 21 days, dPN at doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 5.0 µ g/mL decreased the body weight, body length, and vertebral number of larval zebrafishes, indicating developmental toxicity of dPN. No other adverse outcome was observed during the experimental period. RNA-seq data revealed 38 genes differentially expressed in dPN-treated zebrafishes, of which carboxypeptidase A1 (cpa1) and opioid growth factor receptor-like 2 (ogfrl2) were identified as functional genes in regulating body development of zebrafishes. qPCR data showed that dPN significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of cpa1 and ogfrl2 (both P<0.01), verifying cpa1 and ogfrl2 as target genes for dPN.@*CONCLUSION@#This report uncovers the developmental toxicity of dPN, suggesting potential risk of its clinical application in children.

Measurement of the Thermic Effect of Food in a Chinese Mixed Diet in Young People / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the thermic effect of food (TEF) in a Chinese mixed diet in young people.@*METHODS@#During the study, the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days, and during this period, basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer. The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF.@*RESULTS@#Twenty healthy young students (18-30 years; 10 male) participated in the study. The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy ( P > 0.05). The percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range. The intakes of fruits, milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment ( P > 0.05). When adjusted for body weight, there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%.@*CONCLUSION@#The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10% ( P < 0.001). A value of 10% is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of early death in adult patients with hemophagocytic syndrome / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of early death in adult patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS).Methods:The clinical data of 53 adult HPS patients in Xianning Central Hospital, Huangshi Central Hospital and Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from September 2016 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were grouped according to whether they died within 28 d after diagnosis. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. A multivariate analysis of patients' death within 28 d was performed using logistic regression.Results:In 53 adult HPS patients, the mortality rate within 28 d was 28.3% (15/53). The survival time of patients was related to white blood cell count ( r = 0.324, P = 0.018), total bilirubin level ( r = -0.280, P = 0.042) and albumin level ( r = 0.281, P = 0.042), but there was no linear causality (all P > 0.05). When compared between the death within 28 d group and the non-death within 28 d group, the differences in patients' age, platelet count, albumin level, creatine kinase isoenzyme level, triacylglycerol level, ferritin level, and central nervous system involvement were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count <30×10 9/L, albumin <30 g/L, central nervous system involvement, and ferritin ≥10 000 ng/ml were independent risk factors for patients' death within 28 d (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:In adult HPS patients, assessing the risk of early death based on ferritin level, platelet count, albumin level, and neurological symptoms, actively correcting internal environmental disturbances, and enhancing organ support therapy can contribute to survival benefit.

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic infection of brucellosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic infection of brucellosis, in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect the clinical data of patients with brucellosis asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases admitted to the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA from 2017 to 2021, and the demography characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were analyzed.Results:The results showed that a total of 18 cases of asymptomatic infection and 85 confirmed cases of brucellosis were included, and there was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, occupation and ethnicity distribution between the two groups ( F = 7.09, χ 2 = 0.74, 4.02, 0.55, P = 0.295, 0.785, 0.327, 1.000). The 18 cases of asymptomatic infection of brucellosis were found through screening in key populations, and no clinical symptoms or abnormal imaging signs were observed. The clinical symptoms of 85 confirmed cases were mainly muscle and joint pain, fever, sweating, fatigue, and low back pain; and the imaging manifestations were mainly arthritis, splenomegaly, and spondylitis. The median percentage of eosinophils (0.70%, 1.40%), percentage of basophils (3.05%, 0.40%), C-reactive protein (1.62, 4.62 mg/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1.00, 11.00 mm/h), and antibody titer of serum agglutination test (1 ∶ 100, 1 ∶ 200) showed statistically significant differences between asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases of brucellosis ( Z = - 2.97, - 5.11, - 3.49, - 3.21, - 3.50, P = 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.007). Conclusions:There is a difference in the composition of granulocytes between asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases of brucellosis, and the level of inflammatory response indicators is lower than that of confirmed cases. Regular seroepidemiological surveys among key populations can help screen for asymptomatic infection of brucellosis.

Correlation between visceral adipose index and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国基层医药

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between visceral adipose index and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 1 036 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received treatment in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. The visceral adipose index was detected using a bioresistance assay. These patients were divided into four groups using the quartile method: Visceral adipose index < 8.10 (q1 group, n = 246), 9.60 > visceral adipose index ≥ 8.10 (q2 group, n = 64), 11.10 > visceral adipose index ≥ 9.60 (q3 group, n = 423), visceral adipose index ≥ 11.10 (q4 group, n = 233). One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences among groups. Partial correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content, visceral adipose index, and urinary microalbumin and glomerular filtration rate. Results:With the increase in the visceral adipose index, the glomerular filtration rate gradually decreased. The glomerular filtration rate in the q1, q2, q3, q4 groups was (112.19 ± 31.74) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, (106.14 ± 28.26) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, (104.73 ± 23.63) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, (103.40 ± 27.51) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, respectively. In the female group, with the increase in visceral adipose index, the glomerular filtration rate decreased gradually. After controlling for age, sex, diabetes, and hypertension, the visceral adipose index was significantly correlated with the glomerular filtration rate ( r = -0.10, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that visceral adipose index and waist-to-height ratio were closely related to glomerular filtration rate ( F = 6.00, P < 0.001). Conclusion:With the increase of visceral adipose index, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content, and urinary microalbumin increased gradually. When the visceral adipose index is greater than 9.60, the glomerular filtration rate is significantly decreased. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt various methods to evaluate obesity in clinical work, and visceral fat index should be paid more attention, especially when the visceral fat index is greater than 9.60.

Changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan City during 2019 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022, so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion.@*Methods@#From 2019 to 2022，16 496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method, the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards (revised in 2014), and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests, univariate analysis, analysis of covariance and χ 2 tests.@*Results@#The students physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022（80.78±12.63），2021（79.12±12.72），2019 （75.17±2.03）and 2020（73.82±12.63）. During 2019 to 2022, the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students ( F=105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P <0.01). The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant ( F=34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08 , 13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P <0.01). The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020. Except for body mass index (BMI), the fluctuations in lung s capacity, run 50 meters, sit forward, standing long jump, 1 minute sit-ups, pull-up, endurance running, 1 minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (primary school: F =127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79, secondary school: F =189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94 , P <0.01). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09 %, 31.45%, 30.14 %, and 30.60%, respectively ( χ 2=2.26, P >0.05). From 2019 to 2022, the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56 %, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%, 37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36 %, 39.16%, respectively, and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%, 23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99 %, 27.95%, respectively, none of which were statistically significant ( χ 2=2.93, 4.29 , 0.04, 3.12, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#During 2019 to 2022, there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan, and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic.

Advances in the treatment of Meige's syndrome with blepharospasm / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Meige's syndrome is a segmental craniocervical dystonia extrapyramidal disorder, which belongs to a type of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). The cause is unknown and is commonly seen in middle-aged and elder women, and is often associated with depression, trauma, drugs, surgery and other risk factors. Blepharospasm is the earliest and most common clinical symptom of Meige's syndrome, although there is a possibility of spontaneous remission, the risk of blindness still exists. Clinically, treatment is often delayed and the prognosis is influenced due to insufficient understanding of Meige's syndrome. As the incidence of Meige syndrome increases, particularly blepharospasm in ophthalmology, a comprehensive understanding of Meige's syndrome is needed to improve the ability of ophthalmologists to treat the condition and to guide the appropriate use of clinical medication. In this paper, we review advances in the treatment of Meige's syndrome with blepharospasm and summarize the pros and cons of pharmacotherapy, surgery and traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease by ophthalmologists.

Effects of polysorbates on stability of monoclonal antibody drugs / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the effects of various polysorbates(PS)on the stability of different types of monoclonal antibody(mAb)drugs.Methods Three types of monoclonal antibodies mAbA(IgG1 proantibody drug),mAbB(IgG1 mAb)and mAbC(IgG1 mAb with Fc N297A mutation)were used as model proteins,and different kinds or contents of PS were added into the mAb formulations respectively to investigate the influencing factors.The effects of PS on the stability of mAb drugs were evaluated comprehensively by detecting the changes of quality attributes,such as protein aggregates and insoluble particles.Results PS20 and PS80 showed no significant difference in inhibiting the formation of aggregates and charge variants in the three mAbs(P>0.05),while the addition of PS80 in mAbB and PS20 in mAbC significantly inhibited the increase of insoluble particles respectively(P<0.05);The content of PS20 showed a significant effect on the detection indexes of charge variants and insoluble particles in mAbC(P<0.05).Conclusion Different types of mAbs have different sensitivities to various kinds and contents of PS.Therefore,when designing the formulation of mAbs,it is necessary to select appropriate kinds and contents of PS to further improve the stability of mAb drugs.