Information communication between suicide attempters and their family caregivers and care ability of the family caregivers / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the information requirements of suicide attempters and their family caregivers, as well as the ability of family caregivers to take care of them. Methods·A total of 148 suspected suicide attempters from Department of Emergency of three hospitals in Shanghai and their family caregivers were enrolled in this study. Each group combined with one patient and one family caregiver. The patients and their family caregivers were interviewed by suicide module of the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, homemade general information questionnaire, family caregiver task inventory, family adaptability and cohesion scale and information needs willingness questionnaire. Results·There were 84 cases (56.8%) of suicide attempters and 64 cases (43.2%) of non-suicide attempters according to the survey. Linear regression analysis showed that the family's ability of taking care of the patients is positively correlated with family intimacy and negatively correlated with the impact of such illness on the family (P=0.000, P=0.008).The scores of patients' information requirement about the status of disease, the treatment-related information, the way to obtain medical information, the cure probability, precautions after treatment, and self-care ability or support from family caregivers were higher than the expectation scores from their family caregivers. Equally, the scores of information requirement from the patients' family caregivers about above-mentioned information were also higher than the expectation scores from patients. Conclusion·The family care ability is related to the influence of the patients on the life of the family caregivers and family intimacy. For the patients and their family caregivers, there is a great demand for information about disease status and treatment situation, the way of seeking help, care information and so on. More information support and psychological assistance should be provided to suicide attempters and their family caregivers.

Analysis of the risk factors for pesticide poisoning among children in countryside of Guigang city / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to investigate the risk factors for pesticide poisoning among rural children in Guigang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 1:4 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 78 rural children who were hospitalized or visited the out-patient clinic due to pesticide poisoning in Guigang from January to December in 2009 were recruited as cases, and 312 matched controls were recruited during the same time. The children's parents or guardians were surveyed with a questionnaire. The questionnaire including general information and 21 possible risk factors concerned in family structure, guardian status, educational level of parents, average annual family income, family and school health education and dangerous behavior in children. The data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three risk factors and five protective factors were identified significantly associated with pesticide poisoning in rural children. The risk factors included inappropriate deposit of hydrocomion and contaminated working clothes (OR = 3.529, 95%CI: 1.408 - 8.848), playing outside frequently (OR = 2.846, 95%CI: 1.513 - 5.352), grandparents being children's guardian (OR = 2.187, 95%CI: 1.187 - 4.029). The protective factors included high frequency of guardianship (OR = 0.408, 95%CI: 0.205 - 0.811), knowledge for poisoning prevention (OR = 0.412, 95%CI: 0.224 - 0.758), washing working clothes in time (OR = 0.435, 95%CI: 0.212 - 0.893), taking health educational courses in school (OR = 0.448, 95%CI: 0.232 - 0.867) and teaching children non-access to toxic agents regularly (OR = 0.462, 95%CI: 0.227 - 0.939).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Childhood pesticide poisoning accidence in countryside of Guigang was caused by multiple factors including children's risk behaviors, family factors, environmental factors and health education.</p>

An exploratory study on the diagnostic cutoff value of International HIV-associated Dementia Scale in minority ethnic groups with different educational levels, in Guangxi / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective Using Intelligence Scale of Mini Mental State Estimated (MMSE) as the gold standard to determine the relevance of International HIV-associated Dementia Scale (IHDS)in minority ethnic areas in Guangxi populations with different cultural values.Corresponding boundary value related to the authenticity and reliability on IHDS were also evaluated.Methods 200 patients with HIV infection were randomly selected from the minority ethnic groups in Guangxi.For each infected person,MMSE and IHDS blind scale were tested at the same period.Using the results from MMSE scale test as the gold standard,ROC curve and IHDS scale in Guangxi minority populations with different education levels which related to the diagnosis of dementia-HIV values were determined.The value of a specific sector under the IHDS sensitivity,specificity,and internal consistency coefficients was also evaluated.Results When considering the infected person did not differ on their educational level,the IHDS scale diagnostic cutoff appeared as 8.25,while 1HDS sensitivity as 0.925,specificity as 0.731 and Kappa as 0.477 (P＜0.001).When considering the extent of cultural differences did influence the prevalence of infection,the different education groups showed different IHDS diagnostic cutoff values.People with high school,secondary school or higher education levels,the IHDS diagnosis appeared to be 8.25,when sensitivity was 0.917,specificity was 0.895 and Kappa was 0.722 (P＜0.001).People with only primary education level,the IHDS appeared to be 7.25.When sensitivity was 0.875,specificity was 0.661 and Kappa was 0.372 (P＜0.001).Conclusion The IHDS diagnostic sector in Guangxi minority groups was lower than the internationally recommended level of diagnostic cutoff value (IHDS≤ 10 points).When using IHDS to perform the HIV related dementia screening program,in the minority areas of Guangxi,culture context,the degree and difference of HIV infection should be considered,especially in using IHDS diagnostic cutoff values.

The effect evaluation of a new tuberculosis management model in rural areas of Guangxi / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of new model for tuberculosis (TB) control and management, and provide a scientific basis and justification for making TB control strategies in rural communities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among those townships with low TB service accessibility by the county TB control institute in Guangxi Xingye county (population of 679 thousands), four townships with total population of 152 518 and inconvenient transportation, were selected as the experimental group to conduct a new model research project.Based on the accessibility for community services, setting diagnosis and treatment management centers in township hospitals, employing family treatment supporters to supervise the treatment process. The TB cases of the base-line and the project expiration of the experimental group were 44 and 117. Meanwhile, three townships including Dapingshan, Longan and Gaofeng in the county with the similar condition and total population of 133 303 were selected as the control group. The control group conducted the provisions of national TB control program in the county TB clinic management. The TB cases of the base-line and the project expiration of the control group were 56 and 110. By double-direction comparison method, the effect of the new model was evaluated through TB patients detection, treatment outcomes and TB control management data. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was adopted and Chi-square test was used for analyzing technical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After two-year project research implementation, in the experimental group the detection rate of new smear-positive TB patients increased from 16.39/100 000 (25/152 518) to 51.14/100 000 (78/152 518) (χ(2) = 27.281, P < 0.01), the cure rate of new smear-positive cases increased from 71.4% (15/21)to 91.1% (51/56) (χ(2) = 4.812, P < 0.05), and the completing treatment rate in newly diagnosed smear-negative cases improved from 23.5% (4/17)to 71.4% (15/21) (χ(2) = 8.622, P < 0.01); the loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-positive cases dropped from 23.8% (5/21) to 0.0% (0/56) (χ(2) = 10.608, P < 0.01), and the loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-negative cases decreased from 64.7% (11/17) to 4.8% (1/21) (χ(2) = 15.624, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the cure rate of new smear-positive cases in the experimental group, 91.1% (51/56), was higher than the control group, 72.0% (36/50) (χ(2) = 6.531, P < 0.05). The loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-positive cases in the experimental group (0.0% (0/56)) was lower than the control group (16.0% (8/50)) (χ(2) = 7.534, P < 0.01). During the project implementation, in the experimental group the on time rate of taking medicine, 91.5% (107/117) and receiving medicine, 100.0% (117/117), the reexamining sputum ratio, 83.6% (98/117) were higher than that in the control group: 81.8% (90/110), 92.7% (102/110) and 64.5% (71/110). The differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.589, 8.820 and 11.005, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The new management model had been proved effective. It can improve TB case detection and cure rates, reduce the loss rate of patients, and improve patient treatment and management conditions as well.</p>

Prevalence of hypertension in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao populations / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1170 subjects of Bai Ku Yao aged 15 and over were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. Blood pressure, body height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated, matched 1173 subjects of Han Chinese from the same region served as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standardized prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao was significantly lower than that in Han (11.53% vs.16.79%, P < 0.01). The mean levels of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure in Bai Ku Yao were also significantly lower than those in Han [(115.7 +/- 16.3) vs. (120.0 +/- 16.3) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), P < 0.01; (74.1 +/- 9.4) vs. (75.9 +/- 10.4) mm Hg, P < 0.01; and (41.6 +/- 12.0) vs. (44.2 +/- 11.2) mm Hg, P < 0.01; respectively]. Hypertension was positively correlated with male, age, physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, and the intakes of total energy, total fat, and sodium, and negatively associated with education level in both ethnic groups (P < 0.05 - 0.01), but was positively associated with alcohol consumption only in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao than those in Han population [(11.81% vs. 21.76%), P < 0.05; (5.51% vs. 12.95%), P < 0.05; and (2.36% vs. 8.29%), P < 0.05; respectively].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of hypertension was significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao population than in Han population and diet, low sodium intake, life style, and genetic factors might be responsible for the lower hypertension prevalence in Bai Ku Yao population.</p>

A case-control study on risk factors of drowning among children aged between 1 and 14 in rural areas of Guangxi / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the risk factors of drowning among children aged 1 and 14 in rural areas and to provide evidence for prevention and to reduce such incidents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 towns being selected as a cluster sampling study and screened out 133 drowning children aged 1-14 from Jan. 1, 2002 to Dec. 31, 2004 were screened. 1:2 matched case-control method was conducted. Data was analyzed with conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that falling into water took the leading type of drowning among children from the rural areas. The component of drowning displayed that boys was higher than girls. The majority occurred. during the warmer months, in summer and autumn. The places where drowning occurred was mainly at incidence site. Results from single and multiple factors analysis identified four major risk factors as: alcoholic drinking of his/her mother, lack of emergency treatment in the village, the child care-taker did not know what to do when drowning was occurring, the child usually played beside the water site. Factors preventing from drowning were: swimming training, the child caretaker keeping an eye on the child when he/she was swimming, the health condition of the caretaker and the communication with the parents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The risk factors of drowning among children aged 1-14 in rural areas were caused by multiple factors. Prevention and control program on drowning should be focusing on supervision, safety water, safety education and teaching swimming.</p>

Survey on aspirin application and ischemic stroke recurrence among elderly patients in Shanghai community hospitals / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the application status of aspirin for secondary prevention among elderly patients with ischemic stroke in some community hospitals in Shanghai,and explore the main causes for inappropriate use of aspirin and the effect of aspirin on the prevention of ischemic stroke recurrence. Methods The cross-sectional investigation was employed,and 223 patients from 10 community hospitals of Shanghai were divided into regularly-received aspirin group(n=98) and irregularly-received aspirin group(n=125).The application status of aspirin was investigated and the relationship between aspirin application and ischemic stroke recurrence was explored. Results Fifty-one cases in irregularly-received aspirin group(40.80%) stopped aspirin use or reduced the dose due to possible adverse effects,which accounted for 22.87% of the total population investigated,and 42 cases in irregularly-received aspirin group(33.60%)were never suggested to use aspirin or only used traditional Chinese medicine.The rate of ischemic stroke recurrence was 30.61%(30 cases) in regularly-received aspirin group,and 49.60%(62 cases) in irregularly-received aspirin group,which existed significant differences between these two group(P