Risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity in very/extremely low birth weight infants: a multicenter investigation in China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) in very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants.@*METHODS@#The medical data of 61 786 neonates from multiple centers of China between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2016 were retrospectively investigated, including 504 VLBW/ELBW preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria. Among the 504 infants, 108 infants diagnosed with MBDP were enrolled as the MBDP group and the remaining 396 infants were enrolled as the non-MBDP group. The two groups were compared in terms of general information of mothers and preterm infants, major diseases during hospitalization, nutritional support strategies, and other treatment conditions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for MBDP.@*RESULTS@#The incidence rate of MBDP was 19.4% (88/452) in VLBW preterm infants and 38.5% (20/52) in ELBW preterm infants. The incidence rate of MBDP was 21.7% in preterm infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks and 45.5% in those with a gestational age of < 28 weeks. The univariate analysis showed that compared with the non-MBDP group, the MBDP group had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight, a significantly longer length of hospital stay, and a significantly higher incidence rate of extrauterine growth retardation (@*CONCLUSIONS@#A lower gestational age, hypocalcemia, extrauterine growth retardation at discharge, and neonatal sepsis may be associated an increased risk of MBDP in VLBW/ELBW preterm infants. It is necessary to strengthen perinatal healthcare, avoid premature delivery, improve the awareness of the prevention and treatment of MBDP among neonatal pediatricians, and adopt positive and reasonable nutrition strategies and comprehensive management measures for preterm infants.

The effect of ambient temperature on the activity influenza like illness andlaboratory-confirmed influenza in Wuxi City / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of ambient temperature on the activity influenza like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza (LAB) in Wuxi City. Methods Daily data of meteorological, ILI and detected influenza virus from 31 December 2012 to 31 December 2017 were collected. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate the exposure-lag-response of ILI and LAB activity to daily ambient temperature.Results During the period, the overall ILI% was 4.96% and influenza detection positive rate was 12.28% in Wuxi city. The overall cumulative association analysis suggested non-linear relationship between ambient temperature and influenza: U-shaped for ILI, while L-shaped relationship for LAB. Low temperature (＜10℃ ) had strong and longer delay effect than hightemperature (＞20℃ ) for ILI. The cold effect for LAB was stronger and longer delay，and the low temperature (＜10℃ ) was risk factor for LAB. Conclusions The ambient temperature significant correlates with ILI and LAB, and low temperature might be risk factor with lag effect.

Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b broad-spectrum anti-respiratory viruses pharmacodynamics study in vitro / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effect of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b against broad-spectrum respiratory viruses in vitro. At the cellular level, the effect of the recombinant human interferon alpha 2b on influenza A virus was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The effects of the recombinant human interferon alpha 2b on influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and coronavirus were detected using cytopathic effect (CPE) method. In this study, the therapeutic index of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b anti-HPIV was 1476.63, the therapeutic index of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b anti-RSV was 141.37, the therapeutic index of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b anti-coronavirus was more than 2820.76, and the antiviral effect of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b was better than ribavirin (RBV). Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b has a stronger inhibitory effect on different influenza A virus RNA than drug control. The therapeutic index of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b anti-influenza B virus was 2.74, with modest effect. Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b in vitro has broad spectrum antiviral activities, low toxicity and high therapeutic index. Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b is expected to become the efficient medicine in clinical against respiratory viruses, as well as provide better services for prevention and treatment of respiratory viruses' infections.

Significance of genetic variants in intron 4 of the surfactant protein B gene of preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the association between genetic variants in intron 4 of the surfactant protein B(SP-B) gene and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS) in preterm infants.Methods Using 1 ∶ 1 casc-control study method,a cohort of 52 preterm infants with NRDS and 52 preterm infants without NRDS(non-NRDS) were recruited.Within 1 week after the patients hospitalized,2 mL venous blood was collected.Genomic DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was performed to amplify the special region with conserved sequence motifs and intermotif dinucleotide repeats(CA) n in intron 4 of SP-B gene.PCR products was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis and variants were identified by product size.Results A 550 bp target band could be seen in all PCR products (including NRDS group and non-NRDS group).Besides,an additional band(about 650 bp) could be seen in 3 cases of NRDS and 1 case of non-NRDS,which represented insertion variation.The variation incidence of intron 4 of SP-B gene in NRDS group and non-NRDS group were 5.77％ and 1.92％,respectively,there was significant differences (x2 =44.18,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Genetic variants in intron 4 of SP-B gene may contribute to risk of preterm infants with NRDS.

Pulmonary surfactant associated gene variants in mixed ethnic population of Han and Zhuang / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prevalence of pulmonary surfactant associated pathway genes functional variants in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using a cohort of 258 mixed ethnic population of Han and Zhuang, we pooled DNA samples from 146 term male infants and 112 term female infants and then used an Ill umina next generation sequencing platform to perform the complete exonic resequencing in 6 target genes:surfactant protein-B (SFTPB), surfactant protein-C (SFTPC), ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3), lysophospholipid acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), choline phosphotransferase 1 (CHPT1), phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, beta (PCYT1B). Collapsing methods was used to determine the functional allele frequency.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) Altogether, 128 variants were found, including 44 synonymous variants, 66 nonsynonymous variants and 18 insertions-deletions. Of these, 28 variants were predicted to alter protein function. Two of these variants were seen twice, the rest variants were only seen once, for a total of 30 functional alleles; (2) ABCA3 had the most functional variants in both male and female groups with the minor allele frequencies of 0.014 (1.4%) and 0.04 (4%), respectively. The total functional allele frequencies of 6 genes were 0.041 (4.1%) and 0.08 (8%) in the two groups, respectively (P = 0.06).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) Functional variants in pulmonary surfactant associated pathway genes are present in the mixed Han-Zhuang population. (2) ABCA3 contained the most functional variants suggesting that ABCA3 could contribute significantly to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and other lung disease.</p>

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pulmonary Tissue of Newborn Rats with Pulmonary Hemorrhage / 实用儿科临床杂志

950 mL/L for 2 hours.Gross anatomical changes and histological changes(HE staining)of lungs were observed,VEGF expression was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results Two rats in hypothermia-hypoxia group and 4 rats in rewarming-reoxygenating group died while none in control group.Lungs of hypothermia-hypoxia group and rewarming-reoxygenating group represented edema and punctiform,local and diffuse pulmonary hemorrahge.Histopathological changes included pulmonary edema,alveolar septum broken,pulmonary alveoli fusion and pulmonary hemorrahge.More severe pathological change could be found in rewarming-reoxygenating group.Optical density value of VEGF expression in 3 groups were 0.29?0.06,0.36?0.05,0.22?0.05,respectively,there were significant diffe-rences of VEGF expression between 3 groups(F=15.64 P

Expression and Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pulmonary Tissue of Newborn Rats with Pulmonary Hemorrhage / 实用儿科临床杂志

95 mL/L O2) for 2 hours.The gross anatomical and histological changes(HE staining)in lungs were observed,VEGF mRNA expressions were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Lungs of experimental groups represented edema,inaddition,punctiform,local and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage were observed in groups of HH,HHR and HHRO2.Histopathological changes included pulmonary alveoli and interstitial edema,spacer breaking,pulmonary alveolidilating,fusion and hemorrhage,in which the most severe cases involved in group HHRO2.VEGF 188 mRNA expression increased significantly in group H and HH(P