Violences conjugales à l'unité de médecine légale de l'hôpital national de Donka (Guinée)

Contexte et objectif. La violence faite aux femmes est aussi importante dans la sphère domestique qu'en dehors. Des femmes subissent, très souvent, des violences physiques et ou sexuelles par leur partenaire intime. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des violences conjugales, leurs caractéristiques épidémiologiques et médico-légales tant chez les victimes que chez les agresseurs. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective de type descriptif qui s'est déroulée du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 /12/2017. L'étude avait porté sur 194 dossiers médicaux de femmes et hommes victimes de violences conjugales munies de réquisitions en provenance du parquet ou des services de police judiciaire de la ville de Conakry. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médico-légaux. Les données sociodémographiques (âge, sexe, profession, état matrimonial) avaient été recueillies. Les éléments de l'interrogatoire tels que la date de consultation, le lien de connaissance avec l'agresseur ont été pris en compte, ceux de l'examen physique (types de lésion, siège des lésions) avaient été également recueillies Résultats. Nous avons recensé 13,52% cas de violence conjugale. Parmi eux, 31,44 % étaient victimes de violences sexuelles contre 68,56 % de victimes de violences physiques. Les victimes ont souffert de plusieurs problèmes de santé notamment les lésions corporelles (plaie, hématome, excoriation, ecchymose) et algies corporelles, le tout justifi ant dans la plupart de cas une période d'ITT ≥ 21jours. Conclusion. Ces différents résultats montrent une fois encore que la violence vécue dans le milieu familial ne soit pas sans conséquence

Crescimento pós-traumático em profissionais de emergências: uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais / Posttraumatic growth among emergency workers: a systematic review of observational studies / Crecimiento post-traumático en profesionales de servicios de urgencia: una revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales

A exposição a eventos traumáticos pode gerar Crescimento Pós-Traumático (CPT). O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática das publicações sobre prevalência de CPT e sua associação com estressores ocupacionais entre profissionais de emergências. A revisão foi baseada no método PRISMA e previamente registrada no PROSPERO. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO). Dentre os resultados, não foi possível identificar a prevalência de CPT. Estressores operacionais foram associados ao CPT. Estressores organizacionais foram raramente investigados. Concluiu-se que o CPT é um dos focos em estudos sobre reações pós-traumáticas entre profissionais de emergências e está associado a estressores ocupacionais. Por isso, trata-se de um construto importante para compreender a saúde mental desses profissionais, dada a organização e a natureza de suas tarefas no trabalho. (AU)

Exposure to traumatic events can lead to Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). The present study aimed to was to conduct a systematic review of publications on the prevalence of PTG and its association with occupational stressors among emergency professionals. The review was based on the PRISMA method and previously registered in PROSPERO. The search was conducted in following eletronic databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Mediline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). It was not possible to identify the prevalence of The prevalence of PTG was not identified among emergency professionals. Operational stressors were associated with to PTG. Organizational stressors were rarely investigated. We concluded that PTG is one of the focuses in studies on post-traumatic reactions among emergency professionals and it is associated with occupational stressors. Therefore, it is an important construct to understand the mental health of these professionals given the organization and the nature of their occupational tasks. (AU)

La exposición a eventos traumáticos puede generar Crecimiento Post-Traumático (CPT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones sobre predominio del CPT y su asociación con estresores ocupacionales entre profesionales de servicios de urgencia. La revisión fue basada en el método PRISMA y previamente registrada en el PROSPERO. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos de Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Entre los resultados, no fue posible identificar el predominio del CPT. Estresores operativos se asociaron con el CPT y estresores organizacionales fueron raramente investigados. Se concluyó que el CPT es el foco principal en los estudios sobre reacciones postraumáticas entre los profesionales de servicios de urgencia y está asociado a estresores ocupacionales. Por eso, se trata de un constructo importante para comprender la salud mental de esos profesionales dada la organización y la naturaleza de sus tareas en el trabajo. (AU)

Limitações da pesquisa do Fórum de Segurança Pública sobre percepção de violência sexual no Brasil / Limitations of the survey conducted by the Forum of Public Security on the perception of sexual violence in Brazil / Limites de l'enquête menée par le Forum de la Sécurité Publique à propos de la perception de la violence sexuelle au Brésil / Limitaciones en la encuesta realizada por el Foro de Seguridad Pública sobre la percepción de la violencia sexual en Brasil

Resumo Este artigo examinou a metodologia da pesquisa de opinião intitulada "Percepção sobre a violência sexual e atendimento a mulheres vítimas nas instituições policiais", conduzida em 2016 pelo Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública. Os resultados mostraram que a pesquisa possuiu limitações metodológicas quanto à amostragem, análises estatísticas e formulação de seus itens (exemplos: falta de operacionalização de construtos, ambiguidade e expectativa não realista do conhecimento de seus respondentes), que comprometem a legitimidade de seus resultados. Pesquisas de opinião futuras realizadas no Brasil nessa área podem se beneficiar do uso de escalas validadas. O presente artigo não tem o intuito de desacreditar que muitos brasileiros endossam atitudes de tolerância ao estupro. Em vez disso, enfatiza a necessidade de dados confiáveis e válidos que servirão de base para medidas de intervenção.

Abstract This article examined the methodology used in the survey named "Perception of sexual violence and care of female victims by police institutions", conducted in 2016 by the Brazilian Forum of Public Security. The results showed that this research has methodological limitations regarding sampling, statistical analysis, and formulation of items (e.g., lack of operationalization of constructs, ambiguity and unrealistic expectation regarding the knowledge of respondents), which compromise the legitimacy of its results. Future surveys conducted in Brazil in this field may benefit from the use of validated scales. This article does not attempt to discredit the idea that many Brazilians endorse tolerant attitudes toward rape. Instead, it emphasizes the need for reliable and valid data that must be the basis for intervention measures.

Résumé Cet article a analysé la méthodologie utilisée dans l'enquête intitulée "Perception de la violence sexuelle et prise en charge des femmes victimes par les institutions de police", menée en 2016 par le Forum Brésilien de la Sécurité Publique. Les résultats ont montré que cette recherche présente des limites méthodologiques en ce qui concerne l'échantillonnage, l'analyse statistique et la formulation de ses items (par exemple, le manque d'opérationnalisation des concepts, l'ambiguïté et l'attente irréaliste des connaissances des répondants), qui mettent en question la légitimité de ses résultats. Les futurs sondages d'opinion menés au Brésil dans ce domaine pourraient bénéficier de l'utilisation d'échelles validées. Cet article ne vise pas à discréditer l'idée que de nombreux Brésiliens souscrivent à des attitudes de tolérance au viol. Au contraire, il souligne la nécessité de disposer de données fiables et valides qui serviront de base aux mesures d'intervention.

Resumen Este artículo ha examinado la metodología utilizada en la encuesta de opinión titulada "Percepción de la violencia sexual y la atención a mujeres víctimas por parte de instituciones policiales", realizada en 2016 por el Foro Brasileño de Seguridad Pública. Los resultados mostraron que la mencionada encuesta tiene limitaciones metodológicas con respecto al muestreo, análisis estadísticos y la formulación de sus ítems (por ejemplo, falta de operacionalización de constructos, ambigüedad y expectativa poco realista del conocimiento de los encuestados), que comprometen la legitimidad de sus resultados y de sus conclusiones. Las futuras encuestas de opinión realizadas en Brasil en este campo pueden beneficiarse del uso de escalas validadas. Este artículo no intenta desacreditar la idea de que muchos brasileños respaldan actitudes tolerantes hacia la violación. En cambio, enfatiza la necesidad de datos confiables y válidos que serán la base para las medidas de intervención.

Validation of self-reported history of root canal treatment in a southern Brazilian subpopulation

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess self-reported history of root canal treatment (SRHRCT) as a method for detecting the presence of root canal treatment (RCT) and apical periodontitis (AP) in a southern Brazilian subpopulation. In this cross-sectional study, 136 military police officers from the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, were included. The participants were interviewed and full-mouth periapical radiographs were taken. A calibrated examiner determined the presence of RCT and AP by applying standardized criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of SRHRCT was calculated separately for RCT and AP. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (+PV and -PV), efficiency, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (+LR and -LR) were estimated. The mean age of the participants was 34.1 ± 10.4 years and 88.2% were males. Overall, SRHRCT demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for RCT, but not for AP: sensitivity (RCT = 0.960, AP = 0.757) and specificity (RCT = 0.835, AP = 0.631). The estimated values for PV and LR were: +PV (RCT=0.777, AP=0.396), -PV (RCT = 0.972, AP = 0.890), +LR (RCT = 5.853, AP = 2.057), and -LR (RCT = 0.046, AP = 0.383). SRHRCT proved to be a good predictor of the presence of RCT, but a weak predictor of AP in this subpopulation.

Identificación Mediante Huellas Labiales: Casos Paradigmáticos, Oportunidades Perdidas y "Anomalías" para la Construcción de un Nuevo Paradigma / Lip Print Identification: Paradigm Case Argument, Lost Opportunities and "Anomalies" for the Construction of a New Paradigm

RESUMEN: El análisis de huellas labiales con fines de identificación criminal ha sido denominado Queiloscopía, especialidad de la odontología forense que se ha sustentado en las supuestas unicidad, perennidad y clasificabilidad de los patrones de surcos labiales. En la actualidad, dos elementales corrientes parecen representar la realidad de la queiloscopía en el mundo forense: mientras algunos casos han demarcado su construcción estableciendo un paradigma de gran poder en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la insuficiencia técnica en algunos casos o la presencia de nuevos estándares jurídicos en otros han puesto en jaque a esta subdisciplina de la Odontología Forense. Se presenta una reevaluación de los paradigmas propuestos por esos casos, se exponen situaciones fallidas en ese tipo de manejo de evidencias y se presenta una proyección efectiva local a esta (aún) potencial herramienta de investigación criminal.

ABSTRACT: Lip print analysis for criminal identification has been called Cheiloscopy, a specialty of forensic odontology based on the alleged uniqueness, durability and classification of labial groove patterns. Presently, there are two basic claims that seem to make reference to Cheiloscopy in the forensic world: While some cases have distinctly marked its design by establishing a dominant paradigm during the second half of the 20th century, others have questioned this particular specialty of Forensic Odontology in view of technical shortcomings or new legal standards. In light of failed cases under this form of evidence management, a reevaluation of the paradigms, and a better use of this potentially effective mechanism in criminal investigation are proposed.

Ecological Momentary Assessment Using Smartphone-Based Mobile Application for Affect and Stress Assessment / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the process of utilizing a mobile application for ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect data on stress and mood in daily life setting. METHODS: A mobile application for the Android operating system was developed and installed with a set of questions regarding momentary mood and stress into a smartphone of a participant. The application sets alarms at semi-random intervals in 60-minute blocks, four times a day for 7 days. After obtaining all momentary affect and stress, the questions to assess the usability of the mobile EMA application were also administered. RESULTS: The data were collected from 97 police officers working in Gyeonggi Province of South Korea. The mean completion rate was 60.0% ranging from 3.5% to 100%. The means of positive and negative affect were 18.34 of 28 and 19.09 of 63. The mean stress was 17.92 of 40. Participants responded that the mobile application correctly measured their affect (4.34 ± 0.83) and stress (4.48 ± 0.62) of 5-point Likert scale. CONCLUSIONS: Our study investigated the process of utilizing a mobile application to assess momentary affect and stress at repeated times. We found challenges regarding adherence to the research protocol, such as completion and delay of answering after alarm notification. Despite this inherent issue of adherence to the research protocol, the EMA still has advantages of reducing recall bias and assessing the actual moment of interest at multiple time points that improves ecological validity.

Escala Trifatorial da Identidade Social (ETIS): Evidências de sua Adequação Psicométrica / Three-Factor Scale of Social Identity: Evidence of its Psychometric Adequacy / Escala de los Tres Factores de la Identidad Social: Evidencias de su Adecuación Psicométrica

Este artigo objetivou verificar evidências psicométricas (validade e precisão) de adequação da Escala Trifatorial da Identidade social (ETIS) ao contexto profissional, realizando-se dois estudos. No Estudo 1, participaram 465 policiais militares do DF, a maioria do sexo masculino (88%), com idade média de 38,78 (DP =7,08). Eles responderam a ETIS e perguntas demográficas. A análise dos componentes principais indicou a estrutura trifatorial, cujos alfas de Cronbach foram 0,83 (centralidade), 0,82 (afeto) e 0,86 (laços). No Estudo 2, participaram 451 policiais militares do DF, a maioria do sexo masculino (88,7%), com idade média de 39,25 (DP = 6,73). Testou-se a estrutura trifatorial por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória. Os indicadores de ajuste foram satisfatórios (Χ2/gl = 2,67; CFI = 0,98; GFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,061). A confiabilidade, medida pelo Rho de Jöreskog, mostrou-se adequada, sendo 0,87 (centralidade), 0,87 (afeto) e 0,91 (laços). Os indicadores do estudo exploratório e confirmatório demonstraram adequações psicométricas satisfatórias. Por fim, a ETIS mostrou validade convergente e discriminante para o contexto profissional.(AU)

The objective of this study was to verify empirical evidence of the psychometric (validity and reliability) adequacy of the Three- Factor Scale of Social Identity (ETIS), based on two studies. The sample in study 1 was composed by 465 military policemen from the Brazilian Federal District, 88% male, with mean age of 38.78 years (SD=7.08). They filled the questionnaire with the ETIS and demographic questions. Using a Principal Components Analysis, a three-factor structure was observed, with Cronbach's alphas of 0.83 (centrality), 0.82 (affect) and 0.86 (ties). The sample in study 2 was composed by 451 military policemen from the Brazilian Federal District, 88.7% male with a mean age of 39.25 years (SD=6.73). The three-factor structure was tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The adjustment indexes were satisfactory (Χ2/g.l.=2.67; CFI=0.98; GFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.061). Reliability, measured by Jöreskog's Rho, was adequate, being 0.87 (centrality), 0.87 (affect), and 0.91 (ties). The indicators of the exploratory and confirmatory study demonstrated satisfactory psychometric adequacy. Finally, ETIS showed convergent and discriminant validity for the professional context.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo fue verificar evidencias psicométricas de adecuación (validez y precisión) en la Escala de Tres Factores de Identidad Social (ETIS), llevándose a cabo dos estudios. En el primer estudio participaron 465 policías militares del Distrito Federal, la mayoría de sexo masculino (88%) con edad media de 38,78 (DP = 7,08). Ellos respondieron la ETIS y preguntas demográficas. El análisis de los componentes principales indicó la estructura tri-factorial, cuya alfa de Cronbach fue 0,83 (centralidad), 0,82 (afecto) y 0,86 (lazos). En el segundo estudio participaron 451 policías militares del Distrito Federal, 88,7% hombres, con edad media de 39,25 (DP = 6,73). Se comprobó la estructura tri-factorial por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los indicadores de ajuste fueron satisfactorios (Χ2 / g.l. = 2,67; CFI = 0,98; GFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,061). La confiabilidad, medida por Rho Jöreskog, fue adecuada, siendo 0,87 (centralidad), 0,87 (afecto) y 0,91 (lazos). Los indicadores del estudio exploratorio y confirmatorio demostraron adecuaciones psicométricas satisfactorias. Por último, la ETIS mostró validez convergente y discriminante para el contexto profesional.(AU)

Determination of Bloodstain Age by UV Visible Integrating Sphere Reflection Spectrum / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a method for rapid identification of bloodstain age.@*METHODS@#Under laboratory conditions （20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃）, an integrating sphere ISR-240A was used as a reflection accessory on an UV-2450 UV-vis spectrophotometer, and a standard white board of BaSO₄ was used as reference, the reflection spectrums of bloodstain from human ears' venous blood were measured at regular intervals. The reflection radios R₅₄₁ and R₅₇₇ at a specific wavelength were collected and the value of R₅₄₁/R₅₇₇ was calculated. The linear fitting and regression analysis were done by SPSS 17.0.@*RESULTS@#The results of regression analysis showed that R² of the ratios of bloodstain age to UV visible reflectivity in specific wavelengths were larger than 0.8 within 8 hours and under certain circumstances. The regression equation was established. The bloodstain age had significant correlation with the value of R₅₄₁/R₅₇₇.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The method of inspection is simple, rapid and nondestructive with a good reliability, and can be used to identify the bloodstain age within 8 hours elapsed-time standards under laboratory conditions.

Lista de eventos traumáticos ocupacionais para profissionais de emergências: adaptação e validação / Checklist of occupational traumatic events for emergency professionals: Adaptation and validation / Lista de eventos traumáticos en el trabajo para los profesionales de emergência: adaptación y validación

O objetivo do presente artigo foi descrever o processo de adaptação e as características psicométricas da versão brasileira da lista de eventos traumáticos ocupacionais para profissionais de emergências (LET-PE). Profissionais de emergências (n=30) participaram da etapa de investigação de equivalência semântica da escala. Trabalhadores vinculados e não vinculados a serviços de emergências (n=75) e bombeiros (n=184) participaram dos estudos acerca das características psicométricas. Foram realizados teste­reteste (Bland-Altman) e comparações entre os grupos (teste t de Student). Os itens foram considerados de fácil compreensão por representantes da população-alvo. As comparações entre trabalhadores vinculados e não vinculados a serviços de emergências e bombeiros com e sem sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-traumático (TEPT) mostraram que a escala apresenta evidências de validade relacionadas a critérios externos. Os coeficientes teste­reteste foram satisfatórios. A versão brasileira da lista de eventos é compreensível e psicometricamente adequada para mensuração da exposição a situações traumáticas em serviços de emergências. A LET-PE contribuirá para os estudos sobre trauma ocupacional no Brasil.(AU)

The aim of the present paper was to describe the adaptation process and psychometric characteristics of the Brazilian version of the occupational traumatic events checklist for emergency professionals (LET-PE). Emergency professionals (n=30) participated in the semantic equivalence scale study. Workers related and not related to emergency services (n=75) and firefighters (n=184) participated in studies about the psychometric characteristics. Test-retest (Blend-Altman) and comparisons between groups (Student's t test) were performed. The items were considered easy to understand by individuals of the target population. Group comparisons between professionals related and not related to emergency services and firefighters with and without Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms indicated that the scale shows validity evidences based on external criteria. Test-retest coefficients were satisfactory. Brazilian version of traumatic events checklist resulted in an understandable version and psychometrically suitable for measuring exposure to traumatic situations in emergency services. The LET-PE will contribute to studies on occupational trauma in Brazil.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de adaptación y las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de la lista de eventos traumáticos en el trabajo para los profesionales de emergencia (LET-PE). Profesionales de la emergencia (n= 30) participaron en la etapa de obtención de equivalencia semántica. Trabajadores vinculados y no vinculadas a los servicios de emergencia (n=75) y bomberos (n=184) participaron en los estudios sobre las características psicométricas. Se realizaron análisis test-retest (Bland-Altman) y comparaciones entre los grupos (t de Student). La lista fue considerada fácil de entender por los representantes de la población. Las comparaciones entre trabajadores vinculados y no vinculados a los servicios de emergencia y bomberos con y sin síntomas de TEPT indicaron que la escala muestra evidencia de validez basada en criterios externos. Los coeficientes test-retest fueron satisfactorios. La versión brasileña de la lista de eventos es comprensible y psicométricamente adecuada para medir la exposición a situaciones traumáticas en los servicios de emergencia. El LET-PE contribuirá a las investigaciones sobre el trauma ocupacional en Brasil.(AU)

Establishing a 29 Y-STR Loci Multiplex PCR System / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system for investigating the genetic polymorphisms and to assess its application value in forensic science.@*METHODS@#A multiplex PCR system was established using a five color fluorescence labeling 29 Y-STR loci (DYS456, DYS389 I , DYS437, DYS447, DYS389 11, DYS438, DYS522, DYS460, DYS458, DYS622, DYS390, DYS392, DYS448, DYS449, DYS391, Y-GA TA-H4, DYS388, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS393, DYS459a/b, DYS635, DYS439, DYS570 and DYS627) for multiple amplification and capillary electrophoresis. And its applicability was validated with genetic polymorphism data of 29 Y-STR of unrelated 2,000 male samples in Shandong Han population.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1,981 different haplotypes of 2,000 individuals showed genotype diver- sity between 0.370 0 and 0.965 4. The system provided stable and accurate typing with high sensitivity of 0.05 ng. It satisfied the needs of variety of routine biological samples.@*CONCLUSION@#The 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system could be applied for actual cases and establishment of Y-STR database. In addition, it has great significance in forensic science practices and related research.

Validação fatorial do "Spanish Burnout Inventory" em policiais portugueses / Factorial validity of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" among portuguese police officers

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a estrutura fatorial e a consistência interna da adaptação ao português do "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI) numa amostra composta por 245 policiais de diversos esquadrões da região de Lisboa. Realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), de onde foram extraídos 4 fatores com autovalor > 1, que reproduziram a distribuição dos itens da versão original: no primeiro fator ficaram agrupados os itens da subescala Entusiasmo pelo Trabalho, no segundo os itens da subescala Culpa, no terceiro os itens da subescala Indolência, sendo que os itens da subescala Desgaste Psíquico se distribuíram pelo quarto fator. Todas as subescalas do SBI alcançaram valores alfa de Cronbach superiores a 0,70. Os resultados sugerem que a versão portuguesa do SBI é um instrumento valido e fiável para avaliar a síndrome do burnout em policiais portugueses.

This study was designed to assess the factor structure and the internal consistency of the Portuguese adaptation of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI) in a sample of 245 Portuguese police officers working in Lisbon. Using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 4 factors were extracted with eigenvalue > 1, reproducing the original model: the first factor was constituted by the items of "enthusiasm toward the job", the second factor was constituted by the items of "guilt", the third factor was constituted by the items of "indolence", and the fourth factor was constituted by the items of "psychological exhaustion". Internal consistency values for all subscales showed values of Cronbach's alpha higher than .70. The results suggest that the Portuguese adaptation of the SBI is an adequate instrument to assess burnout in Portuguese police officers.

Feasibility of road traffic injury surveillance integrating police and health insurance data sets in the Dominican Republic / Factibilidad de la vigilancia de las lesiones por accidentes de tránsito mediante la integración de los conjuntos de datos de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud en la República Dominicana

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of semiautomated linking of road traffic injury (RTI) cases in different data sets in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: The study population consisted of RTI cases in the Dominican Republic in 2010 and were identified in police and health insurance data sets. After duplicates were removed and fatality reporting was corrected by using forensic data, police and health insurance RTI records were linked if they had the same province, collision date, and gender of RTI cases and similar age within five years. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the likelihood of being in only one of the data sets. RESULTS: One of five records was a duplicate, including 21.1% of 6 396 police and 16.2% of 6 178 insurance records. Health insurance data recorded 43 of 417 deaths as only injured. Capture - recapture estimated that both data sets recorded one of five RTI cases. Characteristics associated with increased likelihood (P < 0.05) of being only in the police data set were female gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5], age ≥ 16 years (OR = 1.7), collision in the regions of Cibao Northeast (OR = 4.1) and Valdesia (OR = 6.4), day of occurrence from Tuesday to Saturday (ORs from 1.5 to 2.9), month of occurrence from October to December (ORs from 1.6 to 4.5), and occupant of four-wheeled vehicles (OR = 5.4) or trucks (OR = 5.3). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent semiautomated linking procedures were feasible to ascertain the RTI burden in the Dominican Republic and could be improved by standardized coding of police and health insurance RTI reporting.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la factibilidad de la vinculación semiautomática de los registros de casos de lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (LAT) de diferentes conjuntos de datos en países de ingresos bajos y medianos. MÉTODOS: La población de estudio la constituían los casos de LAT ocurridos en la República Dominicana en el 2010 y registrados en los conjuntos de datos de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud. Después de eliminar los casos duplicados y corregir la notificación de defunciones a partir de los datos forenses, se vincularon los registros de LAT de la policía y el seguro de enfermedad si los casos correspondían a la misma provincia, fecha de colisión y sexo, y la edad era similar con una diferencia no superior a cinco años. Se evaluó la probabilidad de aparecer únicamente en uno de los conjuntos de datos mediante un modelo de regresión logística polinómica. RESULTADOS: Uno de cada cinco registros estaba duplicado (21,1% de los 6 396 registros de la policía y 16,2% de los 6 178 registros del seguro). En el conjunto de datos del seguro nacional de salud se registraron 43 de las 417 defunciones como únicamente lesionados. Mediante el método de captura-recaptura se calculó que en ambos conjuntos de datos se registraban uno de cada cinco casos de LAT. Las características asociadas con una mayor probabilidad (P < 0,05) de aparecer únicamente en el conjunto de datos de la policía fueron el sexo femenino (razón de posibilidades ajustada [OR] = 2,5), la edad ≥ 16 años (OR = 1,7), la colisión en las regiones del nordeste de Cibao (OR = 4,1) y Valdesia (OR = 6,4), el día del accidente de martes a sábado (OR de 1,5 a 2,9), el mes del accidente de octubre a diciembre (OR de 1,6 a 4,5) y los ocupantes de vehículos de cuatro ruedas (OR = 5,4) o camiones (OR = 5,3). CONCLUSIONES: Los procedimientos sistemáticos de vinculación semiautomatizada se mostraron factibles para evaluar la carga de LAT en la República Dominicana, y se podrían mejorar mediante la codificación estandarizada de las notificaciones de LAT de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud.

Reflection of estimating postmortem interval in forensic entomology and the Daubert standard / 法医学杂志

Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) is always the emphasis and difficulty in forensic practice. Forensic entomology plays a significant indispensable role. Recently, the theories and technologies of forensic entomology are increasingly rich. But many problems remain in the research and practice. With proposing the Daubert standard, the reliability and accuracy of estimation PMI by forensic entomology need more demands. This review summarizes the application of the Daubert standard in several aspects of ecology, quantitative genetics, population genetics, molecular biology, and microbiology in the practice of forensic entomology. It builds a bridge for basic research and forensic practice to provide higher accuracy for estimating postmortem interval by forensic entomology.

Crime e estratégias de policiamento em espaços urbanos / Crime and law enforcement strategies in urban areas / Crime et stratégies policières dans l'espace urbain

The article seeks to explore the interconnections between police, crime, and urban territory, discussing their crucial importance in the current public policy scenario for security in large Brazilian cities. The author draws on observations of a monthly series of violent crimes in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, in a regression model with structural breaks to estimate the impact of the so-called "Results-Based Police" Program in reducing crime. According to the findings, police intervention in urban territory was responsible for a significant reduction in violent crimes (5,675) from January 2001 to October 2003.

Dans cet article, on examine le réseau des liens entre la police, le crime et l'espace urbain, dont l'importance reste capitale pour le cadre actuel des politiques publiques concernant la sécurité des grands centres urbains au Brésil. On a pris pour base des observations sur une série mensuelle de crimes violents commis à Belo Horizonte, selon un modèle de régression à coupes structurelles pour évaluer l'impact du programme de "Police à Résultats" sur la réduction de la criminalité. Selon les résultats, on voit, entre autres, que l'intervention de la police urbaine a réussi à y diminuer de façon significative le nombre de crimes violents, qui était de l'ordre de 5.675 entre janvier 2001 et octobre 2003.

DNA test--a forensic boon.

DNA fingerprinting (DNAFP) profiles can be applied to identify an individual in criminal as well as in civil cases. The main advantage of the technique is its ability to analyse small and environmentally challenged samples and to accurately establish their origins with a high degree of certainty: DNAFP can identify an individual in criminal and civil cases eg, rape, kidnapping, assassination and so on. The forensic DNA analysis can be stored in a data bank. It can help in crime prevention by giving the information of potential criminals. Reliability of DNA technique is very important. In paternity and maternity identification, when called for, DNA testing plays very much positive role.

A questionnaire for measuring patient satisfaction to general anesthesia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Measurement of patient satisfaction to general anesthesia needs a valid and reliable tool to cover all dimensions of satisfaction. However, there is no standard tool in a Thai version for measurement of this satisfaction. The objective of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for measurement of patient satisfaction to general anesthesia. METHOD: Review of the medical literature and patients' interviews were performed to generate the ideas and dimensions of satisfaction. Items were generated according to customer satisfaction. The pilot questionnaire was set and verified for content validity by item correlation. One item of low item correlation was deleted. The pilot study was performed by application of the pilot questionnaire to patients to detect problems on processes to derive responses and problems of the questionnaire. Another two items were excluded due to high missing responses. The results of reliability analysis were satisfactory. Revision of the pilot questionnaire was taken eventually into the final questionnaire. Then, the final questionnaire was processed to obtain Cronbach's alpha coefficient at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Finally, retest for reliability was taken at Police General Hospital in order to prove its generalization. RESULTS: The constructed final questionnaire composed of ten items. All item correlations were higher than 0.5. Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Police General Hospital were 0.8775 and 0.7571, respectively. CONCLUSION: The developed questionnaire was qualified for both validity and reliability. Also verified for the wide application in another hospital.