The characteristics and coping strategies of medical support mission in rescue and landing of Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To review the characteristics and coping strategies of the rescue and landing medical support mission of Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft.Methods:The characteristics of rescue and landing medical support mission of Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft was analyzed, and the coping strategies and experience were discussed.Results:(1) The characteristics of rescue and landing medical support mission of Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft included: long time in space station and high-intensity space missions; high-density space medical support mission in short term; special environmental factors in severe cold night; complex terrain of landing site; and the young medical support team. (2) The main coping strategies of rescue and landing medical support mission of Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft included: strengthened the organization and leadership and improved the training model; reinforcement learning the medical treatment plan and strengthened the medical rescue skills training; optimized the carrying equipment and added the heat preservation and lighting measures; improved the medical rescue process and perfected the emergency plan; emphasized on the scientific research as important as mission; and strengthened the physical exercise and cold resistance exercise.Conclusions:The characteristics and coping strategies of rescue and landing medical support mission of Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft are summarized to provide the experience for space medical rescue and offer the support for China's manned space industry.

The influence of special environment on peripheral veins and coping strategies during the space medical rescue mission of Shenzhou-13 spacecraft / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To study the environmental characteristics of launch section during the space medical rescue mission of Shenzhou-13 spacecraft, evaluate the influence of special environment on peripheral veins, and investigate the coping strategies.Methods:Combined with the practice of launch section during space medical rescue mission of Shenzhou-13 spacecraft, the main factors of aerospace special environment, cold and faint light, were selected and the related literature was reviewed to explore the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of peripheral venipuncture, central venous catheter and bone marrow puncture. The experience of the space medical rescue mission was summarized and the coping strategies were provided for follow-up task training.Results:The environmental characteristics of launch section during the space medical rescue mission of Shenzhou-13 spacecraft included cold, faint light, sand-wind and complex terrain. The vascular filling, vascular elasticity and visibility of peripheral vein decreased in different degrees under special environmental, the vascular visibility was most affected. The literature analysis showed that bone marrow puncture was a suitable method to establish infusion access in cold and faint light environment.Conclusions:The special environment of space launch mission has greater impact on peripheral veins. In order to assurance the successful implementation of manned space project, the training of basic operational skills should be consolidated, the training of ability in special environment should be enhanced and the advanced clinical auxiliary equipment should be equipped in follow-up space medical mission training.

Nursing characteristics and measures in the medical rescue support of Shenzhou-12 space station / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the nursing experience of medical rescue mission of Chinese manned spaceflight and space station astronauts returning to Dongfeng landing site, to analyze the characteristics of different mission stages of Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft and Dongfeng landing site, and to take steps to implement effective medical rescue support of the space station missions.Methods:The relevant literature and reports at home and abroad were consulted, the nursing experience of previous medical rescue support tasks was summarized, and the corresponding clinical measures were put forward according to the orbit time of Shenzhou-12 and the complex terrain and climate of the main landing site.Results:Based on the existing experience, the rescue process had been further detailed, the emergency plan had been formulated, the clinical process in each plan had been refined, the clinical process in front of the cabin, in the carrier and in the evacuation process of nurses under different injury conditions had been formulated and improved, and the special training of nurses' own quality and nursing skills was carried out to improve the overall quality and combat ability of the nursing echelon.Conclusions:The improvement and refinement of clinical process in the medical rescue support task of the main landing site of Shenzhou-12 has provided a solid assurance for the successful completion of manned aerospace medical rescue support task.

Investigation and analysis of the health status of medical rescue teammates during the medical rescue support mission of the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the disease incidence of medical rescue teammates during medical security missions in the dry and hot areas of the Gobi Desert, and to explore its related influencing factors and solutions, so as to provide references for the establishment of a health maintenance system for medical rescue teammates in the Gobi Desert in summer.Methods:Fourteen medical rescue teammates during the medical support mission of the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft from May 2021 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects. A questionnaire survey was conducted and the data were analyzed.Results:During the mission, each teammate had suffered one or more kinds of diseases, mainly manifested in upper respiratory tract infection, dermatosis, systemic muscle soreness, diseases of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, digestive system diseases and sleep disorders, with incidences of 20.3%, 20.3%, 18.5%, 18.5%, 12.9%, and 9.2%, respectively. Training or accidental injuries were mainly manifested as hand trauma, foot friction blisters, recurrence of joint synovitis, joint soft tissue injury, and accidental head injury, with incidences of 31.2%, 25%, 75%, 18.7%, and 6.2%, respectively. The recurrence rate was high in patients who previously suffered synovitis. There was a high possibility of secondary injury in patients who were suffered joint soft tissue trauma before.Conclusions:The incidence of certain diseases is high during the medical rescue support mission in the Gobi Desert. During the mission, the teammates should pay good attention to self-protection at all times, carry out targeted prevention and scientific training, and avoid non-combat attrition.

First aid cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the exit of capsule and strategy coping with the "Shenzhou 11"spacecraft / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To summarize the medical security experience in first-aid and resuscitation for astronauts at the exit of capsule after the spacecraft returns to the main landing site in the process of human spaceflight in China,and thus to provide a powerful security measures for Chinese aerospace medicine.Methods The medical support experiences were summarized in human spaceflight from "Shenzhou V" to "Shenzhou X",relevant reports on emergency rescue and resuscitation were consulted in in-orbit process and after emergency return and landing for domestic and foreign astronauts,astronauts' physiological changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed during emergency return,and then,corresponding strategies were proposed and tested in practice (actual combat) by combining with the flight characteristics of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI".Results On the basis of the original emergency treatment,the countermeasures for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation were proposed after the spacecraft returned to the main landing site in human spaceflight,the emergency equipment was adjusted,the emergency procedures were optimized,and anti-fog glidescopes were added,laryngeal masks were introduced to perform supraglottic ventilation as the quickest and most effective airway opening measure on site.In addition,ultrasound examination was applied in practice as an important treatment and assessment method for basic life support and advanced life support.All these could ensure the rescuing ability on cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their stay in space for the medium-term and after their return to the main landing site.Conclusions During the return of the astronauts of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI" to the main landing site,the first aid and support program had been improved specifically and the process had been optimized to ensure the successful completion of medical security mission of China's human spaceflight.

Research on Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) of China's Manned Spacecraft / 航天医学与医学工程

Preliminary research and partial satellite carrying experiment were firstly carried out,so as to research the technique of environmental control and life support system(ECLSS)of Chinese manned spacecraft.Environmental control and life support sub-system of "Shenzhou" spacecraft were developed subsequently,and the technique of physical/chemical regenerative ECLSS and controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)were also researched gradually.This paper introduced the research and development of ECLSS of Chinese manned spacecraft,and discussed the technical character of ECLSS.

Establishment of a Carrying System for Space Cellular Experiment on Shenzhou-6 Spacecraft / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To establish a carrying system for space cellular experiment suitable for astronaut to carry out cellular experiments on Shenzhou-6 mission.Methods The cell carrying sample bag,sample box and sample box integrated package were designed.Primary cardiomyocytes and osteoblasts culture and ground model experiment in the simulated environment of space cabin were performed.With man-tended,the cellular experiment was carried out on the orbit.Results After 5 d space flight,the returned cell samples were analyzed.The results demonstrated that the system was of good safety,reliability and applicability,as well as satisfied the demands of analyzed samples.Conclusion After Shenzhou-6 space flight,it is showed that this system fits for small loading,multi-cells and man-tended carrying mission,and can satisfy the demand of the first man-tended space cellular experiments carried out on the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft.

Studies on the Mutation Effects of Spaceflight Treatment on Tomato / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To select excellent tomato mutants by space treatment and to cultivate directly new varieties for production application and good seed resource.Methods Seeds of tomato cultivar were carried into space by scientific experiment recoverable satellite.The main agricultural characters of tomato mutant were observed and analyzed.Results Seeds of determinate growth habit tomato cultivar T10-3-2 were carried into space in 2002 by a recoverable satellite(Shenzhou 4).After cultivation and selection,two tomato variants(H1 and H2) and their offspring populations were obtained in SP2.Variations included quantitative character variations such as maturity,fruit characters and fruit trait,as well as genetic character variations such as changes from determinate growth to indeterminate growth of plant growth habits,and from the no shoulders to the green shoulders of fruits.These two kinds of changes were dominant mutations,and could inherit stably.The research also indicated that variations(amplitude,standard deviation and coefficient of variation) of each generation of two mutants,reduced along with generation increasing.It was showed these characters to be easily stable.Conclusion Tomato seeds loaded on spacecraft can truly form the tomato character variation,and the variation character may be stably inherited.