Desfazer o Mestre, ou Reinventar a Ordem: Apontamentos para uma Psicanálise Política / Undoing the Master, or Reinventing Order: Notes for a Political Psychoanalysis / Deshacer el Amo, o Reinventar el Orden: Apuntes para un Psicoanálisis Político

Este texto trabalha as instâncias da verdade e da história, nas suas relações com a ficção. As condições singulares de cada uma dessas três instâncias encontram pontos de convergência em um campo mais pragmático quando pensadas as suas incidências no plano de imanência do Mestre, personagem conceitual que em algumas formulações lacanianas é representado pelo termo S1 - em uma tentativa de aludir à função do significante que ocupa a posição de primeiro em relação a uma cadeia de significantes que o sucede. Por um método investigativo bibliográfico, fazemos permanecer a questão: podemos oferecer aportes e vias epistêmicas alternativos para uma prática conceitual e clínica psicanalítica que suponha este Mestre, S1, enquanto produção em um só-depois? Faz-se uma segunda interpelação: quais são as potencialidades de uma retomada do corpo conceitual psicanalítico desde a conexão com estudos sobre gênero, colonialidade e relações raciais - y como tal conexão pode oferecer desvios felizes a este campo de pensamento?

This text intertwines the instances of truth, history and fiction. The unique conditions of each of these three instances converge in a more pragmatic field when considering their impact on the plane of immanence of the Master, a conceptual character that in some Lacanian formulations is represented by the term S1 - in an attempt to allude to the function of a precedent signifier related to a chain of signifiers that follows it. Through a bibliographical investigative method, we sustain the question: can we conceive alternative epistemologies for the conceptual and clinical practice of a psychoanalysis that assumes this Master, S1, as a production in an après-coup? Inherently, a second question arises: what are the potentialities of reclaiming a conceptual psychoanalytical corpus from the connection with studies on gender, coloniality and racial relations - and how this operation can offer optimal deviations to the field of psychoanalytic thought?

Este texto trabaja las relaciones entre las instancias de la verdad, de la historia y sus relaciones con la ficción. Las condiciones sigulares de cada una de estas tres instancias encuentran puntos de convergencia en un campo más pragmático al considerar su incidencia en el plano de inmanencia del Amo, carácter conceptual que en algunas formulaciones lacanianas se representa con el término S1 - en un intento de aludir a la función del significante que ocupa la posición de primero en relación a una cadena de significantes siguientes. A través de un método investigativo bibliográfico, hacemos con que permanezca la cuestión: ¿podemos ofrecer epistemologías alternativas para la práctica conceptual y clínica de un psicoanálisis que asuma este Amo, S1, como producción en un après-coup? Paralelamente, surge una segunda interpelación: ¿cuáles son las potencialidades de una recuperación del cuerpo conceptual psicoanalítico a partir de la conexión con los estudios sobre género, colonialidad y relaciones raciales - y cómo esta conección puede ofrecer desviaciones positivas al campo del pensamiento psicoanalítico?

The Language of the Third Reich and of the Bolsonaro Government / A Linguagem do Terceiro Reich e a do Governo Bolsonaro

This conference was held on October 23, 2020, virtually, at the invitation of the Après-Coup based in New York and had the intends to show how the current Brazilian government has been using the language and aesthetics of the Third Reich in its statements to the nation and its institutional advertisements, in accord with its stance toward fascism. This development does not, however, seem to be exclusive to Brazil: the fascist state of mind has been spreading in other "democracies" across the planet

Esta conferência foi realizada em 23 de outubro de 2020, de forma virtual, à convite da Après-Coup sediada em Nova York e teve o objetivo de mostrar como o atual governo brasileiro vem utilizando a linguagem e a estética do Terceiro Reich em suas declarações à nação e em seus anúncios institucionais, de acordo com sua postura em relação ao fascismo. Este desenvolvimento não parece, no entanto, ser exclusivo do Brasil: o estado de espírito fascista vem espalhando-se em outras "democracias" em todo o planeta.

Effects of whole body vibration combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity and balance gait parameters in hemiplegic patients with stroke / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Stroke patients may have various sensory-motor disorders, such as spasticity, muscle weakness or sensory damage. Spasticity affects 20% to 40% of stroke patients. Patients with spasticity may have problems such as pain, motor function damage, and the decreased range of motion, which leads to decline of activity and quality of daily life. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a technique that can improve post-stroke spasticity. Whole body vibration (WBV), as a passive neuromuscular muscle stimulation technique, can improve the posture control, muscle strength, and muscle work of different people. At present, there are still few studies using WBV combined with ESWT for the treatment of hemiplegic patients with stroke. This study aims to explore the effects of WBV combined with ESWT on spasticity of the affected lower limb and gait function in stroke patients.@*METHODS@#From March 2020 to March 2021, 50 hemiplegic patients with stroke were treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the First Hospital of Changsha and they were assigned into a control group and a combined group, 25 cases per group. Both groups carried out conventional treatment, while the control group undertook the ESWT and fake WBV based on conventional treatment, and the combined group undertook ESWT after WBV and conventional treatment. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Lower Extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and parameters of three-dimensional gait analysis including kinematic parameters (peak value of hip flexion and knee flexion) and spatiotemporal parameters (velocity, cadence and stride length) were assessed before and after 4-week treatment between the 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of treatment, MAS scores in 2 groups were lower than before (both P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.001); BBS and FMA-LE scores were higher than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the combined group was higher than the control group (both P<0.001); in the control group, the walking speed, stride frequency, and stride length were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the peak value of flexion hip and peak value of flexion knee (both P<0.05); the peak value of hip flexion, peak value of knee flexion, step speed, step frequency, and stride length in the combined group were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and were higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#WBV combined with ESWT can improve the spasticity and motor function of the affected lower extremity, balance, and gait in hemiplegic patients with stroke.

Effect of electroacupuncture on motor function and gait in patients with post-stroke spasticity in lower limbs / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect on motor function, spasticity degree, muscle strength and the relevant parameters of three-dimensional gait analysis in the patients with post-stroke spasticity in the lower limbs treated with the combined therapy of electroacupuncture (EA) and muscle electricity biofeedback or the simple muscle electricity biofeedback therapy on the base of rehabilitation medicine.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with post-stroke spasticity in the lower limbs were randomized into an EA + biofeedback group, a biofeedback group and a rehabilitation group, 20 cases in each one. In the rehabilitation group, the basic rehabilitation training was provided, 45 min each time. In the biofeedback group, on the base of the treatment as the rehabilitation group, the biofeedback therapy was added, 30 min each time. In the EA + biofeedback group, besides the treatment as the biofeedback group, acupuncture was supplemented at Futu (ST 32), Liangqiu (ST 34), Zusanli (ST 36) and Fenglong (ST 40), etc, and EA was applid at Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with continuous wave and 5 Hz in frequency. In each group, the treatment was given once daily, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks totally. Separately, before and after treatment, the score of Fugle-Meyer assessment (FMA), the score of clinical spasticity index (CSI) in the lower limbs and the strength of the anterior tibial muscle on the affected side were assessed, and the spatial-temporal parameters (step frequency and steep speed) in the three-dimensional gait analysis and the kinematic parameters (maximum dorsal flexion and maximum plantar flexion of ankle joint on the affected side) were measured in the patients of three groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, FMA score was increased as compared with that before treatment in all of three groups (P<0.05). FMA score in the EA + biofeedback group and the biofeedback group was higher than the rehabilitation group respectively (P<0.05). CSI score in the EA + biofeedback group and the biofeedback group was lower than that before treatment respectively (P<0.05), and lower than the rehabilitation group (P<0.05). After treatment, the step frequency and speed were all improved and the angles of maximum dorsal flexion and maximum plantar flexion of ankle joint on the affected side were all increased as compared with those before treatment in the patients of three groups separately (P<0.05). The step frequency and speed, as well as the angles of maximum dorsal flexion and maximum plantar flexion of ankle joint on the affected side in either the EA + biofeedback group or the biofeedback group were all higher than the rehabilitation group (P<0.05), and the step speed in the EA + biofeedback group was higher than the biofeedback group (P<0.05). After treatment, the strength of the anterior tibial muscle on the affected side was increased as compared with that before treatment in the patients of each group (P<0.05); and the strength of the anterior tibial muscle in the EA + biofeedback group and the biofeedback group was larger than the rehabilitation group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the base of rehabilitation treatment, the combined regimen of EA and muscle electricity biofeedback therapy and the simple muscle electricity biofeedback therapy all effectively strengthen the motor functions and reduce spasticity as well as improve step frequency, step speed and the range of motion of ankle joint in the patients with post-stroke spasticity in the lower limbs. Regarding the gait improvement, the combined regimen of EA and muscle electricity biofeedback is better than the simple muscle electricity biofeedback.

Effect of electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle and agonistic muscle on motor function in patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the improvement effect between simultaneous electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle and agonistic muscle and simple electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle on spasticity degree, upper-extremity motor function and activity of daily living in patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke were randomized into a comprehensive group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off) and an antagonistic muscle group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the antagonistic muscle group, acupuncture was applied at Jianyu (LI 15), Binao (LI 14), Zhouliao (LI 12), Shousanli (LI 10), Waiguan (TE 5) and Houxi (SI 3), electric stimulation was attached to Jianyu (LI 15)-Binao (LI 14), Zhouliao (LI 12)-Shousanli (LI 10) and Waiguan (TE 5)-Houxi (SI 3), with discontinuous wave, 15 Hz in frequency. On the basis of the treatment in the antagonistic muscle group, acupuncture was applied at Tianquan (PC 2), Chize (LU 5), Jianshi (PC 5) and Daling (PC 7) in the comprehensive group, electric stimulation was attached to Tianquan (PC 2)-Chize (LU 5) and Jianshi (PC 5)-Daling (PC 7), with continuous wave, 5 Hz in frequency. The treatment was given once a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity scale (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel index (MBI) scale were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the MAS scores of elbow flexors and wrist flexors after treatment were decreased (P<0.05), the scores of FMA-UE and MBI scale after treatment were increased in the two groups (P<0.05). The scores of FMA-UE and MBI scale after treatment in the comprehensive group were higher than those in the antagonistic muscle group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Simultaneous electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle and agonistic muscle and simple electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle can both improve the spasticity degree in patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke, however, the former can better restore motor function and improve activity of daily living.

Notas para uma contribuição à historiografia psicanalítica / Notes for a contribution to psychoanalytic historiography / Notes pour une contribution à l'historiographie psychanalytique / Notas para una contribución a una historiografía psicoanalítica

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma contribuição à historiografia psicanalítica. Para isso, retomamos o texto que consideramos fundador desse campo de debates, A história do movimento psicanalítico, publicado por Freud em 1914, para nele encontrarmos as primeiras pistas de como operar na interface entre psicanálise e história. A partir desse texto inaugural, dedicamo-nos aos estudos de alguns psicanalistas e historiadores que pensaram o enlace entre psicanálise e história, a fim de encontrarmos convergências e divergências sobre o fazer do psicanalista historiador. Por fim, propomos três eixos para uma historiografia psicanalítica, articulados em torno dos conceitos só depois, das Ding e verdade histórica. A partir dessa reflexão de cunho historiográfico, esperamos ser possível pensar de outros modos a história do movimento psicanalítico.

Abstract This article proposes a contribution to psychoanalytic historiography by revisiting Freud's founding texts, The history of the psychoanalytic movement, published in 1914, searching in it for the first clues on how to operate at the interface between psychoanalysis and history. From this inaugural text, the paper examines some psychoanalysts and historians who investigated the link between psychoanalysis and history, to find convergences and divergences on the practice of the psychoanalytic historian. Lastly, it proposes three axis for a psychoanalytic historiography, articulated around the concepts of afterwardsness, das Ding and historical truth. This historiographic reflection seeks to show different ways of thinking the history of the psychoanalytic movement.

Résumé Cet article propose une contribution à l'historiographie psychanalytique en revisitant le text fondateur de Freud, L'histoire du mouvement psychanalytique, publié en 1914, en y cherchant les premiers indices sur la manière de travailler dans l'interface entre psychanalyse et histoire. À partir de ce texte inaugural, l'article examine quelques psychanalystes et historiens qui ont investigué le lien entre psychanalyse et histoire, pour trouver des convergences et des divergences sur la pratique de l'historien psychanalyste. Enfin, il propose trois axes pour une historiographie psychanalytique, articulés autour des concepts d'après-coup, de das Ding et de vérité historique. Cette reflexión historiographique cherche à montrer différentes manières de penser l'histoire du mouvement psychanalytique.

Resumen Este artículo propone una contribución a una historiografía psicoanalítica. Para ello, consideramos como fundador de ese campo de debate el texto Contribución a la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico, de Freud publicado en 1914, y lo utilizamos para encontrar las primeras pistas de cómo operar la interfaz entre psicoanálisis e historia. A partir de ese texto inaugural, nos dedicamos a los estudios de algunos psicoanalistas e historiadores que pensaron el enlace entre psicoanálisis e historia para analizar las convergencias y divergencias sobre el hacer del psicoanalista historiador. Por último, proponemos tres ejes para una historiografía psicoanalítica articulados en torno a los conceptos efecto retardado, das Ding y verdad histórica. Con esta reflexión historiográfica, esperamos poder pensar la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico de otra forma.

Escrever-como-sonhar a prática profissional de um coordenador da ULIS: a repetição de uma realidade não sonhada / Escribir-como-soñar la práctica profesional de un coordinador ULIS: la repetición de una realidad no soñada / Writing-as-dreaming the professional practice of an ULIS coordinator: the repetition of an undreamt reality / Écrire-rêver le rapport à la pratique professionnelle d'un coordonnateur d'ULIS college: la répétition d'une réalitéinrêvée

Para minha pesquisa de doutorado, explorei a relação de certos coordenadores das ULIS Colégio (Unidades Localizadas para a Inclusão Escolar -em colégios) com suas próprias práticas profissionais na França. No âmbito do projeto nacional para uma escola inclusiva, os coordenadores das ULIS são professores especializados que oferecem um ensino adaptado a alunos reconhecidos como portadores de necessidades especiais. Eles também implementam o PPS (Projeto Personalizado de Escolarização), concebido para cada aluno, em estreita colaboração com os outros professores e atores médico-sociais. A partir de uma abordagem clínica de orientação psicanalítica em ciências da educação e da formação, quis explorar como os professores especializados que ocupam essa função complexa vivenciam seu quotidiano no plano psíquico. Nessa perspectiva, realizei entrevistas de pesquisa clínica com quatro profissionais. Aqui, exponho o dispositivo de análise das entrevistas implementado no a posteriori e o lugar particular da escrita como modalidade de elaboração psíquica. Inspirado no trabalho de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), o termo "escrever-como-sonhar" designa o devaneio [rêverie] subjacente ao processo de escrita nesse dispositivo, o que permite a representatividade do vínculo entrevistador-entrevistado em relação à prática profissional. Para ilustrar esse ponto, apresento a análise de uma única entrevista com um coordenador de uma ULIS. Mostro precisamente o caminho que me levou à hipótese da atualização de uma realidade "insonhável" (Ogden, 2005) na entrevista, em relação ao vínculo do coordenador com os demais professores do colégio

Para mi investigación de doctorado, exploré la relación de ciertos coordinadores universitarios de ULIS (unidad localizada para la educación inclusiva) con sus propias prácticas profesionales en Francia. Como parte del proyecto nacional por una escuela inclusiva, los coordinadores de ULIS son docentes que ofrecen enseñanza adaptada a alumnos con discapacidad reconocida. También implementan el PPS (proyecto de escolarización personalizada), diseñado para cada alumno, en estrecha colaboración con otros docentes y actores médico-sociales. Desde un enfoque clínico orientado psicoanalíticamente en ciencias de la educación, quise explorar cómo los profesores especializados que ocupan esta función experimentan su vida cotidiana en el nivel psíquico. En esta perspectiva, realicé entrevistas de investigación clínica con cuatro profesionales. Aquí expongo el dispositivo de análisis de las entrevistas y el lugar particular de la escritura como modalidad de elaboración psíquica. Inspirado en el trabajo de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), el término "escribir-como-soñar" designa la ensoñación que subyace al proceso de escritura, que permite la representabilidad del vínculo entrevistador-entrevistado en relación con la práctica profesional. Para ilustrar este punto, presento el análisis de una sola entrevista con un coordinador de ULIS. Precisamente muestro el camino que me llevó a la hipótesis de una realidad "no soñada" (Ogden, 2005) que puede afectar la colaboración del entrevistado con los demás profesores de su facultad

For my PhD research, I explored the relationship of certain ULIS college coordinators (localized unit for inclusive education) to their own professional practices in France. As part of the national project for an inclusive school, coordinators of ULIS are teachers who offer adapted teaching to pupils recognized as having disabilities. They also implement the PPS (personalized schooling project), designed for each pupil, in close collaboration with other teachers and medico-social actors. From a psychoanalytically oriented clinical approach in educational sciences, I wanted to explore how specialized teachers occupying this function experience their everyday life on the psychic level. In this perspective, I conducted clinical research interviews with four professionals. Here, I expose the device of interviews analysis and the particular place of writing as a modality of psychic elaboration. Inspired by the work of T. Ogden (1994, 2005), the term "writing-as-dreaming" designates the reverie underlying the process of writing, which allows representability of the interviewer-interviewee link in relation to the professional practice. To illustrate this point, I present the analysis of a single interview with a ULIS coordinator. I precisely show the path that led me to the hypothesis of an "undreamt" reality (Ogden, 2005) that may affect the interviewee's collaboration with the other teachers of his college

Pour ma recherche doctorale, j'ai exploré le rapport de certains coordonnateurs d'ULIS collège (Unité localisée pour l'inclusion scolaire) à leurs propres pratiques professionnelles en France. Dans le cadre du projet national pour une école inclusive, les coordonnateurs d'ULIS sont des enseignants spécialisésqui proposent un enseignement adapté auprès des élèves reconnus en situation de handicap et mettent en œuvre le PPS (Projet personnalisé de scolarisation), conçu pour chacun d'entre eux, en collaboration étroite avec les autres enseignants et acteurs du médico-social. À partir d'une approche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l'éducation et de la formation, j'ai souhaité explorer comment les enseignants spécialisés occupant cette fonction complexe vivaient leur métier sur le plan psychique. Dans cette perspective, j'ai mené des entretiens cliniques de recherche avec quatre professionnels. Ici, j'expose le dispositif d'analyse des entretiens mis en place dans l'après-coup et la place particulière de l'écriture comme une modalité d'élaboration psychique. Inspiré des travaux de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), le terme « écrire-rêver ¼ désigne la rêverie sous-tendant le processus de l'écriture dans ce dispositif, qui permet la représentabilité du lien interviewer-interviewé en rapport avec la pratique professionnelle. Pour illustrer ce propos, je présente l'analyse d'un seul entretien avec un coordonnateur, en restituant le chemin qui m'a amené à l'hypothèse de l'actualisation d'une réalité «inrêvée¼ (Ogden, 2005) dans l'entretien en rapport avec son lien aux autres enseignants du collège

Atendimento online e sexualidade / Online psychoanalysis and sexuality / Atendimiento online y sexualidad / Psychanalyse en ligne et sexualité

Os analistas têm sido afetados pelos reflexos da pandemia que surgiu em 2020. A crise sanitária invade os consultórios como tema aparente ou subjacente. Coube-nos preservar os processos analíticos em circunstâncias bastante desfavoráveis. A necessidade de isolamento social provocou maciça migração para os atendimentos remotos. Estes têm sido surpreendentemente eficazes, até mesmo com pacientes se dispondo a um maior aprofundamento em questões da ordem do sexual. A distância, em alguns casos, contribuiu para dissolver resistências e explicitar questões transferenciais.

Psychoanalysts have been affected by the consequences of the 2020 pandemic. The health crisis has invaded offices as an either apparent or subjacent theme. It became necessary to sustain analytical processes under very unfavorable circumstances. The need for social distancing led to massive migration towards remote sessions. These have been surprisingly effective, even with patients open to more profound explorations around questions regarding the sexual realm. The distance has, in some cases, helped to dissolute resistances and reveal transferential questions.

Los analistas se han visto afectados por los reflejos de la pandemia surgida en 2020. La crisis sanitaria invade los consultorios como tema aparente o subyacente. Depende de nosotros preservar los procesos analíticos en circunstancias muy desfavorables. La necesidad de aislamiento social provocó una migración masiva a servicios remotos. Estos están demostrando ser sorprendentemente efectivos, incluso con pacientes dispuestos a profundizar en cuestiones de orden sexual. La distancia, en algunos casos, contribuyó a disolver resistencias y hacer explícitas cuestiones transferenciales.

Les psychanalystes ont été affectés par les reflets de la pandémie de 2020. La crise sanitaire envahit les cabinets de consultation comme thème soit apparent, soit sous-jacent. Il nous reste à maintenir les processus analytiques sous des circonstances assez défavorables. La nécessité de distanciation physique a géré une massive migration envers les consultations en ligne. Celles-ci se montrent - de manière surprenante - plutôt efficaces, même avec les patients ouverts à des explorations plus profondes par rapport à des questions de l'ordre du sexuel. La distance, dans quelques cas, a contribué pour dissoudre des résistances et expliciter des questions transférentielles.

De uma falta ontológica a uma política do tempo / From an ontological lack to a politics of time / D'un manque ontologique à une politique du temps / De una falta ontológica a una política del tiempo

Neste artigo os autores apresentam uma análise da dimensão temporal da concepção psicanalítica da falta-a-ser utilizando elementos da analítica existenciária presente em Ser e Tempo, de Heidegger. A partir disso, é discutida a função do corte, que revela o sujeito como descontinuidade no real, tal como foi proposto por Lacan no seminário O desejo e sua interpretação. Por fim, a categoria "corte" é proposta como o corolário técnico da proposição ontológica da falta-a-ser e o modo de operacionalizar a política da psicanálise em sua relação com a temporalidade do tratamento.

This article presents an analysis of the temporal dimension of a psychoanalytical concept called lack-of-being using elements of Heidegger's existential analysis he describes in Being and Time. Based on that, we discuss the function of the cut, which reveals the subject as discontinuity in the real, as proposed by Lacan in his seminar Desire and its interpretation. To conclude, the category of the cut is proposed as the technical corollary of the ontological proposition of lack-of-being and the way to operationalize the politics of psychoanalysis in its relation to the temporality of the treatment.

Cet article présente une analyse de la dimension temporelle de la conception psychanalytique du manque à être en utilisant des éléments de l'analyse existentielle que Heidegger décrit dans « Être et temps ¼. Ensuite, on discute la fonction de l' « après-coup ¼ qui permet de voir un sujet en tant que discontinuité dans le réel, comme l'a proposé Lacan dans son séminaire « Le désir et son interprétation ¼. Enfin, le concept d'après-coup est proposé comme corollaire technique de la proposition ontologique du manque à être et comme moyen de rendre opérationnelle la politique de la psychanalyse dans son rapport avec la temporalité du traitement.

En este artículo, los autores presentan un análisis de la dimensión temporal de la concepción psicoanalítica de la falta-en-ser, utilizando elementos del análisis existencial presente en Ser y Tiempo, de Heidegger. Desde este análisis, se discute la función del corte, categoría que revela al sujeto como discontinuidad en lo real, como lo propuso Lacan en el seminario El deseo y su interpretación. Para finalizar, los autores proponen el concepto de corte como el corolario técnico de la propuesta ontológica de la falta-en-ser y la forma de operacionalizar la política del psicoanálisis en su relación con la temporalidad de la cura.

Poderá não haver poetas; mas sempre haverá poesia / There may be no poets, but there will always be poetry / Podrá no haber poetas; pero siempre habrá poesia / Peut-être il n'y aura plus de poètes, mais il y aura toujours de la poésie

Diante dos impactos da pandemia, a autora reflete sobre invasores impiedosos e invisíveis que penetram com veemente violência, como as cenas do inconsciente não recalcado, da mais tenra infância, que deixam restos de memória celular que se configuram como traumatismos internos e costumam se manifestar em face de traumas externos, como notaremos na clínica comentada no texto. O conceito de nachtraglich, entendido como o efeito retardado de uma lembrança traumática, fundamenta este escrito. Ilustrações clínicas de atendimentos pontuais de escuta psicanalítica por videochamada são apresentadas, a fim de abordar a vital importância, para sua sustentação, do setting interno do analista.

Due to the impact caused by the pandemic, the author reflects on the merciless and invisible invaders that come violently, as the scenes from the nonsuppressed unconscious, from the early childhood - the ones left in cellular memories that are classified as internal traumas and commonly manifest when external trauma happens, as we will notice in the clinical comments in the text. The nachtraglich concept, understood as late effect from a traumatic memory is the bases for this writing. To support this idea, certain specific counseling examples are given, as the ones done by video call, in order to show the vital importance of the analyst's internal setting.

Frente a los impactos de la pandemia, el autor reflexiona sobre los invasores despiadados e invisibles que penetran con vehemente violencia, como las escenas del inconsciente no reprimido de la tierna infancia que dejan restos de memoria celular que se configuran como traumas internos y generalmente se manifiestan frente a traumas externos, como notaremos en la clínica comentada en el texto. El concepto de nachtraglich, entendido como el efecto retardado de un recuerdo traumático, subyace a este escrito. Se presentan ilustraciones clínicas de consultas puntuales de escucha psicoanalítica por videollamada con la finalidad de abordar la vital importancia que le otorga el encuadre interno del analista.

En face des impacts de la pandémie, cette auteure réfléchit sur les envahisseurs impitoyables et invisibles qui s'introduisent d'une façon impétueuse et violente, comme dans les scènes de l'inconscient non refoulé, celles de la toute petite enfance, lesquelles laissent des restes de mémoire cellulaire qui se configurent comme des traumatismes internes et qui ont l'habitude de se manifester face aux traumatismes extérieurs, comme l'on observera dans la clinique commentée dans le texte. Le concept de nachtraglich, pris comme l'effet retardé d'un souvenir traumatique, c'est le fondement de cet écrit. On présente des illustrations cliniques de séances ponctuelles d'écoute psychanalytique via des appels vidéo, afin d'aborder l'importance vitale du setting interne de l'analyste pour son étayage.

Therapeutic effect on post-stroke spastic paralysis of upper extremity treated with combination of kinematic-acupuncture therapy and rehabilitation training / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical therapeutic effect on post-stroke spastic paralysis of the upper extremity between the combination of kinematic-acupuncture therapy and rehabilitation training and the combined treatment of the conventional acupuncture with rehabilitation training.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients of post-stroke spastic paralysis of the upper extremity at the non-acute stage were randomized into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off). On the base of the routine western medication and rehabilitation treatment, the kinematic-acupuncture therapy was added in the observation group and the conventional acupuncture was used in the control group. Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Jiaji (EX-B 2) from T to T, Tianzong (SI 11), Jianzhen (SI 9), Jianyu (LI 15) and Quyuan (SI 13) were selected in both groups. The treatment was given once daily and the treatment for 14 days was as one course. The one course of treatment was required in this research. Separately, before treatment and in 7 and 14 days of treatment, the score of simplified Fugl-Meyer scale of the upper extremity (FMA-UE), the grade of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the score of the modified Barthel index scale (MBI) were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, in 7 and 14 days of treatment, FMA-UE score was increased obviously in either group (<0.01). In 14 days of treatment, FMA-UE score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (<0.05). In 7 and 14 days of treatment, MAS grades of shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint and metacarpophalangeal joint were all improved markedly in the two groups (<0.05). Compared with the grades in 7 days of treatment, MAS grades of elbow joint and metacarpophalangeal joint were improved markedly in 14 days of treatment in the two groups (<0.05). Compared with the control group, MAS grades of elbow joint and metacarpophalangeal joint were improved more markedly in the observation group in 14 days of treatment (<0.05). Compared with the score before treatment, MBI score was increased in 7 and 14 days of treatment respectively in the observation group (<0.05, <0.01). In 14 days of treatment, MBI score was increased in the control group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#For the patients with post-stroke spastic paralysis of the upper extremity at the non-acute stage, the combined treatment with kinematic-acupuncture therapy and rehabilitation training obviously improves the motor function of the upper extremity and the muscle tone of elbow joint and metacarpophalangeal joint. The therapeutic effect of this combination is better than that of the combined treatment of the conventional acupuncture with rehabilitation training. Additionally, this combined therapy improves the ability of daily life activity.

Can the positions of the spastic upper limb in stroke survivors help muscle choice for botulinum toxin injections? / A posição do membro superior de indivíduos com doença cerebrovascular pode auxiliar na escolha de músculos para a injeção de toxina botulínica?

ABSTRACT Motor impairments in stroke survivors are prevalent and contribute to dependence in daily activities, pain and overall disability, which can further upper-limb disability. Treatment with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is indicated for focal spasticity and requires knowledge of biomechanics and anatomy to best select muscles to be injected in the limb. Objective: We aimed to describe the frequency of posture patterns in a Brazilian sample of stroke survivors and correlate them with recommendations of muscle selection for treatment with BoNT-A. Methods: Fifty stroke patients with spastic upper limbs scheduled for neuromuscular block were photographed and physically examined, to be classified by three independent evaluators according to Hefter's classification. Muscles that were injected with BoNT-A by their routine doctors were retrieved from medical charts. Results: Pattern III and IV were the most common (64.7%, 21.6%). We further subclassified pattern III according to the rotation of the shoulder, which effectively interfered in muscle choice. The muscles most frequently treated were shoulder adductors and internal rotators, elbow flexors and extensors, in forearm, the pronator teres and finger and wrist flexors, and, in the hand the adductor pollicis. Conclusion: Frequencies of upper-limb postures differed from previous reports. Other clinical features, besides spasticity, interfered with muscle choice for BoNT-A injection, which only partially followed the recommendations in the literature.

RESUMO As deficiências motoras que ocorrem nos indivíduos com doença cerebrovascular (DCV) são prevalentes e contribuem para dependência, dor e incapacidade, o que pode atrasar a reabilitação do membro superior e sua funcionalidade. O tratamento com toxina botulínica do tipo A (BoNT-A) é indicado para a espasticidade focal e requer conhecimento da biomecánica e anatomia para melhor selecionar os músculos a serem injetados. Objetivo: Descrever a frequência de padrões posturais numa amostra de brasileiros com sequelas de DCV e correlacioná-los com as recomendações de seleção de músculos. Métodos: Cinquenta pacientes com comprometimento do membro superior devido a DCV do ambulatório de bloqueios neuromusculares foram fotografados e examinados para categorização de acordo com a Classificação de Hefter. Os músculos tratados pelos seus médicos de rotina foram obtidos a partir dos prontuários. Resultados: Os padrões III e IV de Hefter foram mais comuns (64,7%; 21,6%). Nós propusemos a subclassificação do padrão III de acordo com a rotação do ombro, pois isso interferiu na escolha dos músculos tratados. Os músculos tratados com maior frequência foram os adutores e rotadores internos do ombro; flexores e extensores do cotovelo; no antebraço, o pronador redondo, flexores dos dedos e do carpo e na mão, o adutor do polegar. Conclusão: As frequências das posições do membro superior diferiram de relatos prévios. Além da espasticidade, outros fatores interferiram na escolha dos músculos tratados, que seguiram parcialmente as recomendações da literatura.

Blood-letting and cupping therapy for upper limb spasticity in recovery phase of stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect difference between blood-letting and cupping therapy combined with basic treatment and simple basic treatment for upper limb spasticity in the recovery phase of stroke.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients of upper limb spasticity in the recovery phase of stroke were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. In the control group, the basic treatment, including the internal treatment, acupuncture and rehabilitation, was used for 2 weeks, 6 times a week, once a day. Based on the basic treatment, blood-letting, at 3 -well points each time, and cupping therapy were used at the most obvious spasm point in the belly of biceps muscle in the observation group for 2 weeks, 3 time a week, once every other day. The spasm score, passive traction value, and moter function score of upper limb were assessed in the two groups before and after treatment. The effects were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the spasm scores and passive traction values were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01), with better score and value as well as different values before and after treatment in the observation group (<0.05, <0.01). After treatment, the motor function scores were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (both <0.01), with better score and different value before and after treatment in the observation group (both <0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0% (27/30) in the observation group, which was better than 76.7% (23/30) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the basic treatment, blood-letting combined with cupping therapy are effective for upper limb spasticity in the recovery phase of stroke.

Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stroke Spasticity Using Neurophysiological and Radiological Tools: A Pilot Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the possibility of a new measurement tool using electromyography and ultrasonography for quantitative spasticity assessment in post-stroke patients. METHODS: Eight hemiplegic stroke patients with ankle plantarflexor spasticity confirmed by a Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were enrolled. Spasticity was evaluated using the MAS and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). Each subject underwent surface electromyography (sEMG) using the Brain Motor Control Assessment (BMCA) protocol and was compared with a healthy control group. Using ultrasonography, muscle architecture and elasticity index were measured from the medial gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) on the affected and unaffected sides. RESULTS: MAS and MTS revealed significant correlation with sEMG activity. The fascicle length and pennation angle were significantly decreased in the medial GCM on the hemiplegic side compared with the unaffected side. The elasticity index of the spastic medial GCM was significantly increased compared with the unaffected side. The MTS X and R2–R1 values were significantly correlated with the elasticity index in the hemiplegic GCM. The relationship between clinical evaluation tools and both BMCA and sonoelastography was linear, but not statistically significant in the multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The BMCA protocol and ultrasonographic evaluation provide objective assessment of post-stroke spasticity. Further studies are necessary to conduct accurate assessment and treatment of spasticity.

Túmulo e palavra: o after life para prolongar um último toque com a ponta dos dedos / The tomb and the word: the after life to extend one last touch with the fingertips

Por que e para que escrever diante das perdas? Neste texto, buscamos alguma resposta a essas questões, e juntamo-las ao risco de dizer que é diante da ausência e do vácuo que o escritor escreve, que é separando-se de si mesmo e do mundo sensível imediato que ele obtém a desaparição que lhe pode devolver a aparição. Escrevemos malgré tout e ativados pelo nachleben, ou seja, por este impulso de fazer sobreviver aquilo que não temos mais em nossa presente vida. Seria possível dizer que escrever, nesse caso, se trataria de um modo de escuta e de reparação que empreendemos com nós mesmos, como uma maneira útil e conveniente de elaboração secundária, ou seja, de clarear o que jaz nos andares inferiores de nossa casa interna, propiciando-lhe, pois, efeitos terapêuticos da luz. Cicatrização de lesões après coup, através do belo perigo de uma caneta-bisturi, com a qual incisões purgatórias serão produzidas. Rasgar para reparar, ferir para cicatrizar, fazer do casulo escuro e fechado um ponto de visão, agir por rompimentos e rasgos, romper o casulo da visão que o hábito nos delegou, ver as coisas, os objetos e todos os entes em sua nudez para transformar-se em aprendiz diante de um mundo visto pela primeira vez.

A elaboração e seus modelos: Leitura principal, Congresso da IPA em Berlim, Julho de 2007 / The development and its models: main reading, IPA Congress in Berlin, July 2007 / La perlaboration et ses modèles: lecture principale, Congrès de la IPA à Berlin, juillet 2007 / La elaboración y sus modelos: lectura principal, Congreso de IPA, Berlín, julio de 2007

Resumo: A elaboração é inerente ao trabalho psicanalítico, é sua própria forma, portanto está sempre presente, mas muda de aspecto, de implicação e de economia de acordo com as exigências deste. Explorarei três modelos de seu funcionamento em função do que está em primeiro plano no trabalho psicanalítico. No primeiro modelo, o que está em questão no trabalho é ajudar a tomada de consciência de um complexo representacional reprimido; o segundo relaciona-se com o trabalho psíquico referente a tornar consciente moções pulsionais ou experiências psíquicas que não puderam ser representadas, de modo que o tempo da análise torna-se o primeiro tempo a posteriori (après-coup); o terceiro é o modelo no qual a representação e a simbolização de uma experiência subjetiva, assim como suas implicações pulsionais, foram realizadas, fazendo o analisando se apropriar subjetivamente destas para poder integrá-las.

Abstract: Working through is an integral part of the psychoanalytic process, one could even say its epitome. It is therefore always present in the work of an analysis, but depending on the various phases and constraints that arise in that process, changes are brought to its form, to the issues involved in it and to its economic dimension. I will explore three forms (or models) of how working through functions in relation to the dominant feature of any given analytical process. In the first of these, the issue that has to be worked over involves insight into repressed representational complex; in the second form, work has to be done on bringing into consciousness drive-related impulses or mental experiences that have not been able to be represented until then, so the analysis itself would be the first occasion on which retroactive [après-coup] processing could be initiated; and in the third form, when representation and some kind of symbolization of the subjective experience and the drive-related issues that are part of it have been accomplished, the analysand has to appropriate these issues subjectively and integrate them.

Résumé: La perlaboration est inhérente au travail psychanalytique, elle en est la forme même, et est donc toujours présente dans celui-ci, mais change de forme, d'enjeux et d'économie selon leur moments et exigences. J'explorerais trois formes, trois modèles de son fonctionnement en fonction de ce qui est au premier plan du travail psychanalytique. Une première forme où l'enjeu du travail est celui d'aider à la prise de conscience d'un complexe représentationnel refoilé ; une seconde forme où le travail psychique concerne le " devenir conscient " de motions pulsionnelles ou d'expériences psychiques qui n'ont pu être antérieurement représentées et dont le temps de l'analyse est le premier temps d'après-coup ; et enfin une troisième forme où ont été effectuées la repésentation et une certaine forme de symboliser l'exprérience subjective et ses enjeux pulsionnels, en faisent l'analysant l'approprier subjectivement et l'intégrer.

Resumen: La elaboración es inherente al trabajo psicoanalítico, es su propia forma y está siempre presente, sin embargo, cambia de forma, de implicación y de economía según las exigencias de dicho trabajo. Voy a examinar tres modelos de su funcionamiento en función de lo que está en primer plan para el trabajo psicoanalítico. En el primer modelo, está en cuestión la toma de conciencia de un complejo representacional reprimido; en el segundo, cuando el trabajo psíquico consiste en "hacer consciente" las pulsiones o experiencias mentales que hasta aquel momento no han sido posibles de ser representadas, de manera que el tiempo de análisis es la primera ocasión a posteriori (après-coup); y en el tercer modelo, cuando se han alcanzado la representación y simbolización de una experiencia subjetiva y de las cuestiones relacionadas con la pulsión, entonces el analizando tiene que apropiarse subjetivamente de éstos e integrarlos.

Sonhar o desaparecimento forçado de pessoas: impossibilidade de presença e perenidade de ausência como efeito do legado da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil / Dreaming the forced disappearance of people: the impossibility of presence and perennial of absence as effect of continuity of the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil's legacy / Rêver la disparition forcée de personnes: i'impossibilité de présence et la continuité de i'absence comme effet de la continuité de i'héritage de la dictature civilo-militaire au Brésil / Soñando con la desaparición forzada de personas: imposibilidad de presencia y perennidad de la ausencia como efecto del legado de la dictadura civil-militar en Brasil

Este artigo discute alguns efeitos sociais, políticos e psíquicos do desaparecimento forçado como efeito de estratégias utilizadas no período da ditadura militar brasileira. Tais estratégias, que se escoravam e se escoram na certeza da impunidade e na indiferença diante das vítimas e dos sobreviventes, se presentificam hoje no agravo do sofrimento dos familiares ainda vivos, preservado pela letargia do Estado brasileiro, após o fim do período ditatorial, diante dos deveres em cumprir as principais resoluções internacionais de direitos humanos, relativas ao combate ao desaparecimento forçado de pessoas. Reconhecemos na elaboração onírica traços, pistas e pegadas de experiências que teimam em persistir e que ainda buscam seu estatuto linguageiro e seu reconhecimento social 50 anos após o golpe civil-militar no país.

This article discusses some social, political, and psychological effects of enforced disappearance as an effect of the strategies used during the Brazilian military dictatorship. Such strategies are buttressed and anchored at the certainty of impunity and indifference to the victims and survivors. One of the main consequences of this indifference today is the aggravation of the suffering of the family members that are still alive, which is preserved by the lethargy of the Brazilian state after the end of the dictatorship period, before the obligations to comply with the main international human rights resolutions relating to the combat of the forced disappearance of people. We recognize in the dream-work traces tracks and footprints of experiences that still insist and seek their status of language and social recognition 50 years after the civil-military coup in Brazil.

Cet article traite des effets sociaux, politiques et psychologiques de la disparition forcée en tant qu'effet des stratégies utilisées pendant la dictature militaire brésilienne. Ces stratégies, qui s'appuyaient et s'appuient à la certitude de l'impunité et de l'indifférence aux victimes et survivants se présentent aujourd'hui dans l'aggravation de la souffrance des membres de leur familles encore en vie, conservés par la léthargie de l'Etat brésilien après la fin de la période de la dictature face aux obligations des principales résolutions internationales des droits de l'homme relatives à la lutte contre la disparition forcée de personnes. Nous reconnaissons dans l'éraboration onirique des traces, des pistes et des empreintes d'expériences qui persistent et cherchent leur statut du langage et la reconnaissance sociale 50 ans après le coup d'Etat civile et militaire dans le pays.

Este artículo discute algunos de los efectos sociales, políticos y psicológicos de la desaparición forzada como efecto de estrategias utilizadas durante la dictadura civil-militar brasileña. Estas estrategias, que fueran respaldadas y son respaldadas en la certeza de la impunidad y en la indiferencia frente a las víctimas y sobrevivientes, se presentan hoy en el agravamiento del sufrimiento de los familiares aún vivos, conservados por el letargo del Estado brasileño después del final de la dictadura ante sus deberes para cumplir con las principales resoluciones internacionales de derechos humanos relativos al combate a la desaparición forzada de personas. Reconocemos en la elaboración onírica los rastros, pistas y huellas de experiencias que aun insisten y que aun buscan el estatuto de lenguaje y reconocimiento social 50 años después del golpe de Estado civil-militar en el país.

Os fundamentos da tortura, uma fusão de violência e de sexualidade / The fundamentals of torture: a fusion between violence and sexuality / Los fundamentos de la tortura, una fusión de violencia y sexualidad / Au fondement de la torture, une fusion de violence et de sexualité

É sempre, a posteriori, na situação de atendimento prestado à vítima, que se desvenda a dimensão sexual das agressões introduzidas na tortura. No caso de Tito de Alencar, que aqui revisitamos, os tratamentos que ele recebeu durante seu exílio na França revelaram o grau de dominação sexual ao qual o delegado Fleury o submeteu. Sem dúvida, a sexualidade, como demonstrou Freud, acompanha sempre a violência, sendo um ingrediente natural desta última, mas o ato de tortura sobredetermina essa relação. O próprio torturador não escapa desse processo. É sob seu efeito que sua conduta destrutiva se radicaliza. Ele rompe, dessa forma, com o fundamento do "estar junto", que condiciona a instauração do humano, e reduz sua vítima ao status de sub-homem...

When it comes to provide care to a victim of torture, it always takes a while to figure out the sexual aspect of the agressions (i.e., the sexual aspect is always unveiled a posteriori). In this paper, we revisit Tito de Alencar case. While Tito Alencar was exiled in France, he received therapeutic treatments in which it was revealed the level of sexual domination that sheriff Fleury imposed to him. As Freud demonstrated, there is no doubt that sexuality and violence always come together. Sexuality is a natural ingredient of violence, but the act of torturing overdetermines this relation. The torturer himself - or herself - does not stay out of this process. The torturer's destructive behavior becomes radical under this effect. Thus, he breaks with the aspect of "being together", which conditions the formation of the human subject, and relegates the victim to a subhuman status...

Es siempre a posteriori, cuando se le presta asistencia a la víctima, que se desvenda la dimensión sexual de las agresiones utilizadas en la tortura. En el caso de Tito de Alencar, revisitado en este texto, los tratamientos que recibió durante su exilio en Francia revelaron el grado de dominación sexual al cual el comisario Fleury lo había sometido. La sexualidad, como demostró Freud, acompaña siempre a la violencia siendo un ingrediente natural de ésta última; pero el acto de tortura sobredetermina esa relación. El propio torturador no escapa de ese proceso. Sobre su efecto, su conducta destructiva se hace radical. Rompe con el fundamento de "estar con" que condiciona la instauración de lo humano, reduciendo su víctima al estatus de sub-hombre...

C'est toujours après coup dans la situation soignante accordée à la victime que se dévoile la dimension sexuelle des sévices engagés dans la torture. Dans le cas de Tito de Alencar qu'on revisite ici, les soins qu'il reçut pendant son exil en France révélèrent le degré d'assujettissement sexuel auquel le commissaire Fleury le soumit. Certes la sexualité ainsi que le montra Freud accompagne toujours la violence elle en est un ingrédient naturel mais l'acte tortionnaire surdéterminé ce rapport. Le tortionnaire lui même n'y échappe pas, c'est sous son effet que sa conduite destructrice se radicalise. Il rompt ainsi le fondement de l'être ensemble qui conditionne l'instauration de l'humain et réduit sa victime au statut de sous homme...

Après-coup: a dimensão traumática / Après-coup: the traumatic dimension / Après-coup: la dimensión traumática

As noções de consciente e inconsciente acarretam uma temporalidade heterogênea, presente em diversas expressões do psiquismo. Essa heterogeneidade do tempo se tornou ainda mais complexa com o conceito de nachträglichkeit, cunhado por Freud e mais conhecido pela expressão francesa après-coup. O conceito de après-coup transformou as noções de causalidade psíquica e temporalidade, pois se refere a um fenômeno em dois tempos: marcas mnêmicas são remodeladas a partir de fatos posteriores que, por sua relação simbólica com os fatos passados, lhes conferirão sentido e eficácia psíquica. A falta de uma teorização específica por parte de Freud e a presença de diferentes significados para o termo em sua obra, aliadas ao seu desaparecimento dos textos psicanalíticos pós-freudianos até a década de 1950, contribuíram para que o conceito sofresse uma perda da especificidade, sendo seu uso mais comum o de sinônimo de "aquilo que vem depois". Diferentemente dessa visão, neste trabalho propõe-se um estudo que busca destacar certa especificidade do fenômeno do après-coup, ressaltando seus aspectos traumáticos e transformadores, ponto de vista esse que o diferencia da noção predominante em psicanálise de uma compreensão tardia e retrospectiva.

The concepts of conscious and unconscious lead to an heterogeneous temporality, which is present in different expressions of psyche. This heterogeneity of time became even more complex due to the concept of Nachträglichkeit, which is better-known as the French term après-coup. The concept of après-coup has changed the notions of psychic causality and temporality, as it refers to a two-stage phenomenon: mnemonic traces are remodeled from ulterior facts. These ulterior facts will provide them meaning and psychic efficacy due to their symbolic relation with past facts. Freud did not propose a specific theory about Nachträglichkeit; different meanings for the term can be found in his work. These factors, plus the fact that Nachträglichkeit had been no longer found in post-Freudian psychoanalytic papers until the 50's, contributed to a loss of specificity in the concept, which has been more commonly used as "afterwardness". From another point of view, this paper aims to emphasize a certain specificity of the après-coup phenomenon, highlighting its traumatic, transforming aspects. This point of view distinguishes it from the prevailing notion in psychoanalysis: a late, retrospective understanding.

Las nociones de consciente e inconsciente traen consigo una temporalidad heterogénea, que está presente en diversas expresiones del psiquismo. Esta heterogeneidad del tiempo se tornó más compleja con el concepto de Nachträglichkeit, acuñado por Freud y más conocido por la expresión francesa après-coup. El concepto de après-coup transformó las nociones de causalidad psíquica y temporalidad, pues hace referencia a un fenómeno en dos tiempos: las marcas mnémicas se remodelan a partir de los hechos posteriores que, debido a su relación simbólica con los hechos pasados, les darán sentido y eficiencia psíquica. La falta de una teoría específica por parte de Freud y la presencia de diferentes significados en su obra para el término, unido a su desaparecimiento de los textos psicoanalíticos pos freudianos hasta la década de 1950, contribuyeron para que el concepto sufriera una pérdida de especificidad, siendo su uso más común el de sinónimo de "aquello que viene después". A diferencia de esta visión, este trabajo se propone realizar un estudio que busca destacar cierta especificidad del fenómeno del après-coup resaltando sus aspectos traumáticos y transformadores, un punto de vista que lo diferencia de la noción predominante en el psicoanálisis de una comprensión tardía y retrospectiva.

O après-coup e a reconsolidação da memória / The après-coup and reconsolidation of memory / L'après-coup et la reconsolidation de la mémoire / El après-coup y la reconsolidación de la memoria

Em diferentes áreas do conhecimento é reconhecido que a memória está sujeita a transformações ao longo do tempo. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar uma discussão compreendendo a ideia de que nossas recordações são suscetíveis a transformações e a concepção de après-coup. Há o delineamento de algumas ideias acerca da temporalidade em Psicanálise e do mecanismo de reconsolidação da memória segundo as Neurociências. Utilizando-se tais conceitos, evidenciou-se a viabilidade de se pensar uma interlocução entre a Psicanálise e as Neurociências.

Over time, it is recognized that the memory is subject to changes in different fields of knowledge. Based on this assumption, the objective of this study is to present a discussion comprising the idea that our memories are susceptible to changes and to the conception of après-coup. There is the outline of some ideas about the temporality in psychoanalysis and the memory reconsolidation mechanism according to neurosciences. It was demonstrated the feasibility of considering a dialogue between psychoanalysis and neurosciences, using such concepts.

Dans les différents domaines de la connaissance est reconnu que la mémoire est susceptible de changer au fil du temps. Sur la base de cette hypothèse, l'objectif de cette étude est de présenter une discussion comprenant l'idée que nos souvenirs sont susceptibles d'évoluer et la conception d'après-coup. Il sont décrivées des idées sur la temporalité en psychanalyse et le mécanisme de reconsolidation de la mémoire selon les neurosciences. L'utilisation de ces concepts démontre la faisabilité de l'examen d'un dialogue entre la Psychanalyse et les Neurosciences.

En diferentes áreas del conocimiento es reconocido que la memoria está sujeta a cambios en el tiempo. Con base en este supuesto, el objetivo del presente estudio es presentar una discusión comprendiendo la idea de que nuestros recuerdos son susceptibles de cambiar y el diseño de après-coup. A partir de eso, hay el delineamiento de algunas ideas acerca de la temporalidad en Psicoanálisis y del mecanismo de reconsolidación de la memoria según las Neurociencias. Se evidenció la viabilidad de considerar un diálogo entre el Psicoanálisis y las Neurociencias, en el uso de tales conceptos.