Application value of manual anastomosis of gastroduodenum in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of manual anastomosis of gastro-duodenum in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 55 patients with gastric cancer who underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy combined with gastrointestinal anastomosis in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital from January 2020 to October 2022 were collected. There were 34 males and 21 females, aged 61(range, 29?75)years. Of 55 patients, 25 patients undergoing manual anastomosis of gastroduodenum were divided into the manual anastomosis group, 30 patients undergoing modified Delta anastomosis of gastroduodenum were divided into the modified Delta anastomosis group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using chi-square test or Fisher exact probility. Results:(1) Surgical situations. All 55 patients underwent surgery successfully, without conversion to laparotomy. The distance from the superior margin of tumor to the upper margin, anastomosis time, number of bookings used were (48±4)mm, (22.6±2.3)minutes, 3.2±0.5 in the manual anastomosis group, versus (41±4)mm, (14.0±1.4)minutes, 5.2±0.4 in the modified Delta anastomosis group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=5.04, 16.38, ?17.13, P<0.05). The location of tumor (antrum, gastric angle) was 18, 7 in the manual anastomosis group, versus 29, 1 in the modified Delta anastomosis group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). (2) Postoperative complications. There was no patient undergoing anastomotic fistula in both of manual anastomosis group and modified Delta anastomosis group, and there was 1 patient undergoing anastomotic stenosis in the modified Delta anastomosis group. Conclusion:Compared with modi-fied Delta anastomosis of gastroduodenum,totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with manual anas-tomosis of gastroduodenum can remove more gastric tissue, and decrease the number of bookings used.

Application and research advances of intracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Laparoscopic surgery has been accepted as an optimal treatment for colon cancer. Digestive tract reconstruction may be performed using extracorporeal anastomosis or intracor-poreal anastomosis after radical colectomy of colon cancer. More and more studies have compared both procedures, but the selection of optimal method of digestive tract reconstruction is still controversial. The authors conduct a systematic review on the application and research advances of intracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer, investigate the technical skills of intracorporeal anastomosis and its clinical outcomes, so as to provide valid information for its clinical application.

Brain teratoma in a free-ranging mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) - case report / [Teratoma cerebral em um pato-real (Anas platyrhynchos) de vida livre - relato de caso]

Teratoma is a rare neoplasia with differentiation in two or three germ cell lines. Intracranial teratoma in birds has rarely been reported, especially affecting the brain. This is the first report of a brain teratoma in a mallard with neurological clinical signs. The neoplasm was characterized as a mature brain teratoma, extending from the cerebellum to the brainstem, and with one nodule in the cortex.(AU)

O teratoma é uma neoplasia rara, com diferenciação em duas ou três linhagens de células germinativas. Teratomas intracranianos, em aves, são raramente relatados, principalmente, com localização cerebral. Este é o primeiro relato de teratoma cerebral em um pato-real com sinais clínicos neurológicos. A neoplasia foi caracterizada como um teratoma cerebral maduro, estendendo do cerebelo ao tronco encefálico e com um nódulo no córtex.(AU)

Molecular cloning, expression and mimicking antiviral activity analysis of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a chief sign of replication for many viruses. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system detected the dsRNA and initiate the antiviral responses. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a member of PRRs, plays an essential regulatory role in dsRNA-induced signalling. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of duck RIG-I (duRIG-I) was cloned using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA of duRIG-I contained 97-bp 50 UTR, 141-bp 30 -UTR and 2802 bp complete open-reading frame (ORF) encoding 933 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments showed that duRIG-I shared high similarity with RIG-I from other vertebrates. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that duRIG-I mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues, with high levels in the liver, heart, spleen, kidney and thymus, while lower in the duodenum. duRIG-I could be induced by treatment with poly(I:C). Further, overexpression of duRIG-I significantly activated the transcription of poly(I:C)-induced IFN-b, IRF7, TRIF, Mx, STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA, and duRIG-I knockdown showed the opposite results. Overall, our results suggested that duRIG-I could be an important receptor for mimicking antiviral state in duck, which warrant further studies to show the possible mechanism.

Descrição anatômica topográfica dos sacos aéreos de patos, Anas platyrhynchos (Aves: Anseriformes) / Anatomical and topographic description of the air bags of mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (Aves: Anseriformes)

O sistema respiratório das aves é bastante eficiente com pulmões pequenos e compactos ligados a sacos aéreos que diferem entre as espécies. Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar a descrição anatômica dos sacos aéreos em patos em relação à sua topografia. Para tanto, foram utilizados o trato respiratório pós-cefálico de quatro patos adultos, machos e fêmeas, injetados, via sondagem traqueal, com látex corado e fixados em solução de formol a 10%. Observou-se a presença dos sacos aéreos cervical, clavicular, torácico cranial, torácico caudal e abdominal. O saco aéreo cervical distribuiu-se nos dois antímeros, na região dorsal, localizando-se dorso-lateralmente a musculatura do pescoço. O saco aéreo clavicular apresentou-se com uma distribuição irregular, formando uma porção mediana e duas laterais com inúmeras projeções entre os órgãos das regiões cervical e torácica cranial, apresentando divertículos para os ossos coracóide, úmero e esterno. Sua porção mediana formou, em alguns casos, uma projeção ao redor do coração em "forma de saia". Os sacos aéreos torácicos craniais encontraram-se caudalmente ao coração, medialmente as quatro primeiras costelas, sendo sobrepostos pelo fígado. Os sacos aéreos torácicos caudais localizaram-se em uma posição média aos sacos aéreos torácico cranial e abdominal, estendendo-se além da margem da última costela, englobando a porção cranial do saco aéreo abdominal. Os sacos aéreos abdominais encontraram-se caudo-medialmente aos sacos aéreos torácicos caudais e lateralmente ao trato digestório. Os sacos aéreos torácicos e abdominais apresentaram poucas projeções entre os órgãos, possuindo margens regulares e grande capacidade de volume.

The respiratory system of birds is very effective, comprised by small and compact lungs associated with air sacs that differ between species regarding their topography. Considering this latter aspect, this work aimed to perform an anatomical and topographical description of the air sacs in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Ten mallards, five males and five females, had theirpost-cephalic respiratory tract injected with colored latex and fixed by a 10% formaldehyde solution. The presence of cervical, clavicular, cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs was observed. The cervical air sac was distributed in both antimeres situated dorso-laterally to the muscles of the neck. The clavicular air sac presented an irregular distribution, showing a middle and two lateral parts with numerous projections between the cervical and cranial thoracic organs and presenting several diverticula to the coracoids , sternum and humerus bones. Its middle portion formed, in some cases, a projection around the heart. The cranial thoracic air sacs were found caudal to the heart, medially to the first four ribs, being overplayed by the liver. The caudal thoracic air sacs were located in a middle position to the cranial thoracic and abdominal air sacs extending beyond the edge of the rib, over the cranial portion of the abdominal air sac. The abdominal air sacs were found caudal-medial to the caudal thoracic air sacs and lateral to the digestive tract. The thoracic and abdominal air sacs presented few projections between the organs, has and showed regular margins and a high volumetric capacity.

Gastrointestinal helminthes of green-winged teal (Anas crecca) from North Iran

Objective: To determine the helminth parasites of Anas crecca (A. crecca) in one of proper refuges of Iran, Fereydunkenar. Methods: A total number of one hundred thirty-six gastrointestinal tracts of green-winged teal (A. crecca) were collected from Fereydunkenar, Mazandaran province during September and October 2011. The gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminth infection.Results:shown helminthes infection. The examined A. crecca harbored one species of Nematoda, Cestoda and two species of Digenea which were as following: Contracaecum larvae (from stomach wall), Diorchis stefanskii (D. stefanskii) (from small intestine), Hypoderaeum conoideum (from small intestine) and Notocotylus attenuatus (N. attenuatus) (from caecum), respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between examined males and females ducks in Hypoderaeum conoideum, D. stefanskii and N. attenuatus (P>0.05) whereas a significant relationship was observed between males and females in Contracaecum larvae (P<0.05). The total infection rate was 70.50% (96) that 68.96% (40) of males and 71.79% (56) of females Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, we conclude that A. crecca plays a prominent role in transmission of mentioned parasites. In addition, this is the first report ofContracaecum larvae, D. stefanskii and N. attenuatus from A. crecca in Iran.

Gastrointestinal helminthes of green-winged teal (Anas crecca) from North Iran

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the helminth parasites of Anas crecca (A. crecca) in one of proper refuges of Iran, Fereydunkenar.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total number of one hundred thirty-six gastrointestinal tracts of green-winged teal (A. crecca) were collected from Fereydunkenar, Mazandaran province during September and October 2011. The gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminth infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total infection rate was 70.50% (96) that 68.96% (40) of males and 71.79% (56) of females shown helminthes infection. The examined A. crecca harbored one species of Nematoda, Cestoda and two species of Digenea which were as following: Contracaecum larvae (from stomach wall), Diorchis stefanskii (D. stefanskii) (from small intestine), Hypoderaeum conoideum (from small intestine) and Notocotylus attenuatus (N. attenuatus) (from caecum), respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between examined males and females ducks in Hypoderaeum conoideum, D. stefanskii and N. attenuatus (P>0.05) whereas a significant relationship was observed between males and females in Contracaecum larvae (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based on the results of the present study, we conclude that A. crecca plays a prominent role in transmission of mentioned parasites. In addition, this is the first report of Contracaecum larvae, D. stefanskii and N. attenuatus from A. crecca in Iran.</p>

Infecção natural por Cryptosporidium sp. em aves domésticas comercializadas em mercados municipais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Natural infection by Cryptosporidium sp. in domestic fowls sold at local markets

O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a dinâmica, a ocorrência, a morfometria de oocistos e os períodos patentes de Cryptosporidium sp. em aves domésticas, patos (Anas platyrhynchos), pintos (Gallus gallus) e codornas (Coturnix japonica), naturalmente infectadas, provenientes de dois mercados municipais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Houve diferenças quanto à ocorrência da infecção entre os dois locais e entre pintos e patos, mas não entre codornas. Para a morfometria, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas nas medidas dos diâmetros maior e menor e para o índice morfométrico calculado (P<0,01). Já entre pintos e codornas não houve diferenças (P>0,05). Na comparação do período de eliminação, patos tiveram um maior período com maiores quantidades de oocistos eliminados. Codornas e pintos apresentaram dinâmica de eliminação semelhante e não houve diferença quanto à concentração de oocistos. Pintos foram mais susceptíveis à infecção seguidos por patos e codornas. Pode-se concluir que a infecção natural por Cryptoporidium sp. foi frequente nas aves estudadas. Patos, pintos e codornas podem ser disseminadores do protozoário em mercados municipais do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Assim, podem constituir risco de infecção.

The objective of the current study was comparing the dynamic and occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp., as well as the morphometry and elimination period of oocysts in naturally infected ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) from two local markets of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. There were significant differences considering the occurrence of infection between the two markets, and also between chickens and ducks, but not among Japanese quails. Also, significant statistical differences were observed in morphometry, considering the major and minor diameters of oocysts and the calculated morphometric index (P<0.01); however, there was no difference between chickens and Japanese quails (P>0.05). According to the elimination period, ducks eliminated oocysts for a longer period and in a higher number. Japanese quails and chickens had a similar dynamic of oocysts elimination, no difference in its concentration was observed. Chickens were the most susceptible bird species to Cryptosporidium sp. infection, followed by ducks and Japanese quails. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium sp. natural infection was commonly found in the studied fowls. Ducks, chickens and Japanese quails may disseminate this protozoan in local markets of Rio de Janeiro, representing risk of infection.

Qualidade da carne de marreco pequim branco (Anas Platyrhynchos platyrhynchos L. 1758) comparado a frango de corte / Meat quality in white peking mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos platyrhynchos L. 1758 ) compared to broiler chicken

O total de 20 carcaças resfriadas (10 Marrecos Pequim Branco e 10 de frangos de corte) foi submetido às análises de composição centesimal, colesterol, cor (sistema CIE L*a*b*), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC). A carne de marreco apresenta (P<0,05) menos umidade (71,77 e 74,53 por cento), do que a carne de frango (74,73 e 76,07 por cento). Quando comparados os cortes, o peito mostrou (P<0,05) médias mais elevadas de umidade e proteína, do que no corte perna. A carne de marreco mostra (P<0,05) luminosidade mais baixa (37,59 e 35,75) e maior teor de vermelho (18,48 a 20,67), do que a luminosidade (40,98 e 45,18) e o teor de vermelho (10,02 e 5,52) observado em frangos. A FC foi (P<0,05) mais elevada (4,90 kgf) em peito de marrecos, do que em peito de frango (2,63 kgf). A carne de Marreco Pequim Branco é mais escura e com vermelho mais intenso do que carne de frango de corte. Embora menos macia do que a carne de frango, a carne de marreco é considerada macia.

Twenty refrigerated carcasses (10 Peking mallard and 10 broiler chicken) were submitted to analyses of chemical composition, cholesterol, colour (CIE L*a*b* system), weight loss by cooking (PPC) and shear force (FC). Mallard meat had lower (P<0.05) humidity in both leg and breast (71.77 and 74.53 percent, respectively) when compared with chicken meat (74.73 and 76.07 percent, respectively). When different cuts were compared, the breast had a higher (P<0.05) humidity and protein content than the leg in both species. Mallard leg and breast had lower (P<0.05) lightness (37.59 and 35.75, respectively) and higher red content (18.48 and 20.67, respectively), than the lightness (40.98 and 45.18, respectively) and red content (10.02 and 5.52, respectively) observed in chicken. The FC was higher (P<0.05) in mallard breast (4.90 kgf) than in chicken breast (2.63 kgf). Meat from White Peking mallard is darker and with a stronger red pigment than meat from broiler chicken. Even though it is less tender than meat from broiler chicken, mallard meat still has an acceptable tenderness.

Capacidad de las células Hep-2, Hep-2000® Inmunofluorescencia y Hep-2000® Colorzyme, en la determinación de ANAS y SSA/Ro en la evaluación inicial en pacientes con Enfermedad del Tejido Conectivo no Diferenciada / Capacity of cells Hep-2, Hep-2000® Immunofluorescence and Hep-2000® Colorzyme, in the determination of ANAS and SSA/Ro, in the initial evaluation of patients with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease

Introducción: la presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares (ANAS) ha sido tradicionalmente asociada a enfermedades del tejido conectivo; su determinación se constituye en una importante herramienta en el diagnóstico de estas entidades. Para su evaluación, se han utilizado métodos de inmunofluoresencia (IFI) que emplean como sustrato las células Hep-2. En los últimos años, se han generado nuevos sustratos celulares a partir de la manipulación genética de las iniciales denominados Hep-2000®. Estas permiten la identificación del antígeno Ro de manera simultánea. La incorporación reciente de métodos enzimáticos para la lectura de la prueba, ha generado una nueva técnica llamada Colorzyme que permite el uso del microscopio de luz, constituyéndose en una alternativa económica y funcional en comparación con la IFI convencional. Objetivo: el presente estudio pretende establecer la capacidad para detectar ANAS en los sustratos: Hep-2 y Hep-2000® por las técnicas de IFI y Colorzyme, en un grupo de pacientes con Enfermedad del Tejido Conectivo no Diferenciada (ETCND). Adicionalmente comparó la detección del antígeno Ro en los sustratos Hep-2000® con los resultados obtenidos por la técnica de ENAS ELISA tradicional. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron 26 pacientes con ETCND a quienes se les determinó ANAS por las técnicas: Hep-2 IFI; Hep-2000® IFI; Hep-2000 Colorzyme y ENAS por ELISA Screening (con especificidad para los autoantígenos Sm, RNP, SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, Scl-70 y Jo-1). Resultados: los resultados encontrados por las técnicas revelan un mayor rendimiento diagnóstico (ANAS positivos) en las células Hep-2000®: 23 (88%) por IFI y 21 (81%) Colorzyme, comparadas con 20 (76%) del sustrato Hep-2 IFI. Todos los patrones “clásicos” IFI estuvieron representados en la técnica de Hep-2 IFI; en la técnica de Hep-2000® IFI no se observó el patrón homogéneo, por Colorzyme no se observaron los patrones nucleolar ni el citoplasmático. En todas las técnicas la forma predominante de presentación fue el patrón moteado fino: 50% Colorzyme, 42,9 % para Hep-2000® IFI y 34,6% para Hep-2 IFI. En general se obtuvieron buenas correlaciones en los resultados entre las técnicas Hep-2000® IFI y la enzimática (r=0,74 p<0,000) con una concordancia 0,71 (Cohen K, p<0,000), mas no así con Hep-2 que fue de 0,21 (p<0,03). Las correlaciones entre los patrones de IFI (r=0,6 p<0,000) y las diluciones (r=0,75 p<0,000) fueron mejores entre los sustratos Hep-2000®, comparadas con las células Hep-2 (r=0,5 p<0,003). Para establecer la capacidad de identificación del autoantígeno Ro de las técnicas Hep-2000®, se compararon los resultados obtenidos con los de la técnica específica de ELISA para SSA-Ro. Las células Hep-2000® mostraron una sensibilidad del 66% por IFI y del 33% Colorzyme. Conclusiones: la utilización de células Hep-2 sigue siendo una buena alternativa para la determinación de ANAS. Sin embargo, las células Hep- 2000® pueden considerarse un sustrato útil y confiable en nuestro medio, tanto por color como IFI. La técnica por color facilita su realización al abolir el uso de IFI, recurso tecnológico escaso en muchas instituciones. Los resultados negativos para Ro deben ser interpretados con cautela pacientes con ETCND, en algunos de estos casos es posible se requiera de la confirmación por otros métodos.

Introduction: The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAS) has been traditionally associated to conective tissue diseases. and their determination is an important tool in the diagnose of these entities. In the last years the Cells Hep-2 has been used .in the Inmunofluoresencia technique (IFI),. New cellular sustratos has been generated by genetic manipulation, denominated Hep-2000®. These allow the identification of the antigen Ro in the same procedure. The recent incorporation of enzymatic methods for the reading of the test, has generated a new technique called Colorzyme, This allows the use of the microscope of light that become the procedure in an economical and functional alternative in comparison with the conventional IFI. Objective: The present study pretend to establish the capacity of detection of ANAS in sustratos: Hep-2 and Hep-2000® for IFI and Colorzyme, in a group of patients with No Differentiated Conective Tissue Disease (NDCTD). Additionally compares the detection of the antigen Ro in Hep-2000® cells and confront the results obtained by the ENAS-ELISA technique . Materials and methods: The presence of ANAS were analyzed in the serum of 26 patients with NDCTD by the techniques: Hep-2 IFI; Hep-2000® IFI; Hep-2000 Colorzyme® and ENAS for ELISA Screening (with specificity for the auto antigens Sm, RNP, SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, Scl-70 and Jo-1). Results: Hep-2000®: demonstrated a better capacity in order to found ANAS: 23 (88%) for IFI and 21 (81%) for Colorzyme, compared with 20 (76%) of Hep-2 IFI. All the patterns «classic¼ IFI was represented in the Hep-2 cells IFI; Hep-2000 IFI the homogeneous pattern was not observed. In Colozyme tecnique the nucleolar and citoplasmic patron was not observed. In all the techniques the predominant form of presentation was the speckle-fine pattern: 50% Colorzyme, 42.9% for Hep-2000® IFI and 34.6% for Hep-2 IFI Good correlations were obtained in the results among the technique Hep-2000® IFI and the Colorzyme (r=0.74 p <0.000) but not in the Hep-2 IFI substrate: 0.21 (p <0.03). The correlations among the patterns of IFI (r=0.6 p <0.000) and the dilutions (r=0.75 p <0.000) were better among the Hep-2000® substrates, compared with the Hep-2 cells (r=0.5

Effect of pure tannic acid and tannic acid of tea on general morphology, liver and kidney cytology, and protein excretion of 11-day old duck (Anas domestica) embryos

Tannic acid is a component of many plant-derived foods, used as a food additive and found in beverages like black tea. It was shown to have an ability to pass the blood-placental barrier thus its effects on embryos should be investigated. This study aims to determine the effects of different tannic acid concentrations and tannic acid as a component of tea on general morphology, on liver and kidney cytology, and on protein utilization. Thirty-six 11-day old duck embryos were randomly grouped into six groups of six eggs each, namely: control, low tannin, tannic acid equivalent of black tea (TAEBT), medium tannin, high tannin, and tea. The different groups were given 1 ml of different prepared solutions namely: PBS for the control, 0.01 g/L tannic acid for low tannin, 0.05 g/L tannic acid for TAEBT, 15 g/L tannic acid for medium tannin, 30 g/L for high tannin, and black tea for tea. General morphology was measured as weight in g and height in cm, liver and kidney cytology by nucleocytoplasmic ratio, protein excretion by Bradford method. Weight, height, and protein concentration via absorbance of the different groups were significantly different (P value 0.01) and concentrations of 15 g/L and 30 g/L tannic acid belonged to different homologous subsets. Kidney nucleocytoplasmic ratios showed no significant results at alpha