Perceções dos tutores sobre o papel do cão na dinâmica familiar durante a pandemia / Guardians' perceptions of the benefits of dogs in family dynamics during the pandemic

Resumo Com o confinamento imposto pelo SARS-CoV-2, houve mudanças na dinâmica familiar. Para os estudantes de enfermagem este foi um assunto que gerou interesse em investigar. Partindo da questão: Qual o papel do cão na dinâmica familiar em tempo de pandemia? e do objetivo: identificar as perceções dos tutores sobre o papel do cão na dinâmica familiar num período de confinamento, enveredámos por um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com recurso a focus group e amostra de seis membros de famílias diferentes. O tratamento e análise de dados seguiu o protocolo de Bardin. Identificámos que a existência de cão numa família influencia a sua dinâmica através dos benefícios obtidos quer a nível da saúde mental e bem-estar psicológico, quer a nível da saúde física. Igualmente, destacaram-se vantagens, apesar de algumas desvantagens. O vínculo afetivo entre cão e família, advém da reflexão sobre legislação portuguesa, proteção dos direitos dos animais, responsabilidades dos tutores e configuração familiar. Concluímos que na enfermagem, é necessário relevar a presença do cão na família uma vez que traz benefícios para a sua dinâmica. Esta torna-se uma visão inovadora quando pretendemos contribuir para a manutenção da saúde familiar focada nas necessidades de cada indivíduo, família e comunidade.

Abstract During the pandemic, there were a lot of lockdowns that brought changes to the population's daily routine, reducing social interactions, changing work and study methods, isolating the family at their home, which brought changes to family dynamics. These changes sparked the interest of nursing students in carrying out a research study. Starting from the question: What is the role of the dog in the family dynamics in times of pandemic? and the objective: identify the guardians' perceptions about the role of the dog in the family dynamics in a period of confinement, a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out, collecting data through a focus group with six guardians from different families. Bardin's protocol was used to analyze and process the data. Three categories emerged in this study, highlighting the benefits in terms of mental health, physical and psychological well-being of the family with the presence of the dog, its importance in strengthening family ties and the lessons learned from adopting the dogs. We conclude that, in nursing, it is necessary to highlight the presence of the dog in the family since it brings benefits to its dynamics.

Investigation on Current Biosafety Management Status in Laboratory Animal Institutions in Hunan Province / 实验动物与比较医学

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the current status of biosafety management in laboratory animal institutions in Hunan Province, identify management shortcomings, and provide targeted recommendations for improvement. MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted in July 2023 among 40 laboratory animal institutions in Hunan Province, covering topics such as the establishment of laboratory management system and its overall operation status, emergency management for incidents, medical waste disposal, animal transportation, personnel practitioner management, environmental disinfection, and equipment maintenance. The awareness of biosafety, animal bite incidents, and vaccination history was surveyed from at least one animal feeder or experimental operation practitioner from each institution, totaling 50 practitioners. Through literature review and comparative analysis, this paper analyzed the current status of biosafety management in production, transportation, and use of laboratory animals in Hunan Province from aspects such as biosafety management systems, personnel training, disinfection of environmental facilities and waste disposal, and provided recommendations. ResultsAmong the 40 laboratory animal institutions in Hunan Province,39 institutions (97.5%) had established laboratory management systems, 37 (92.5%) had emergency response plans for incidents of to transport laboratory animals, 15 (37.5%) had complete records of emergency drills for laboratory animal biosafety, and 39 (97.5%) had established protocols for carcass and waste management. Moreover, 26 institutions (65.0%) had laboratory biosafety risk assessment reports. 4 out of 8 (50.0%) production units had emergency plans for animal transportation, with 7 (87.5%) using special vehicles to transport laboratory animals. 2 (4.0%) of the 50 practitioners were unaware of emergency response plans, 6 participants (12.0%) did not consistently wear personal protective equipment, and 38 participants (76.0%) had been bitten or scratched by laboratory animals. The results of the survey showed that emergency management, transportation management and personnel management of laboratory animal incidents still need improvement in Hunan Province. Relevant functional departments should strengthen supervision and management efforts, establish local regulations for the transportation management of laboratory animals, ensure strict compliance with relevant documents, conduct emergency drills in all units, and strengthen training for practitioners. ConclusionWhile daily management practices in the 40 laboratory animal institutions in Hunan Province are generally satisfactory, there remains a need for further improvement in emergency management, transportation management, personnel management, etc. Gradually enhancing the level of laboratory animal safety management is essential to collectively safeguard public health safety.

Research on Management Policies of Laboratory Animals in Sichuan Province / 实验动物与比较医学

Improving laboratory animal management system is one of the effective ways to promote the legalization and standardization of laboratory animal management. This article systematically reviews the relevant content and requirements of the latest laws, regulations, normative documents, and standards formulated and promulgated by the state since 2019 regarding the management of experimental animals. It also analyzes the current institutional framework in managing experimental animals in Sichuan Province from four aspects: administrative management, quality assurance, biosafety, and local standards. Furthermore, this article summarizes the existing problems and proposes corresponding policy recommendations in a targeted manner, aiming to provide a reference for the formulation of robust experimental animal management policies in Sichuan Province.

Feral pigs as a reservoir for zoonotic and transboundary diseases in the Western Pacific Region

@#Feral pigs are known as triple-threat pests due to their impact on health, agriculture and the ecosystem. Recent emerging infectious disease outbreaks have emphasized their role as reservoirs and amplifiers of disease and highlight the need for increased surveillance in the Western Pacific Region.

Comparison of Methods between Soiled Bedding Sentinels and Exhaust Air Dust PCR for Health Monitoring of Rodent Laboratory Animals / 实验动物与比较医学

The microbiological quality of laboratory animals is crucial for the validity and reproducibility of scientific research data, as well as human health and animal welfare. Currently, individual ventilation cages (IVC) have become the mainstream feeding system for rodent laboratory animals. The most commonly used pathogen monitoring method for this feeding system is soiled bedding sentinels (SBS). This method monitors the microbial carrying status of mouse colony through indirect contact and delayed feedback. It can effectively monitor pathogens transmitted via the fecal-oral route, such as mouse hepatitis virus and reovirus. However, this method has difficulty detecting pathogens mainly transmitted through aerosols or direct contact, such as Sendai virus and Pasteurella pneumotropica. The exhaust air dust (EAD)-PCR monitoring method involves swab sampling in the IVC exhaust ducts to monitor the corresponding racks of the ducts; swab sampling before the prefiltration of the host to monitor the entire IVC rack; and EAD collection device sampling to monitor all racks connected to the same host. Different IVC manufacturers have developed corresponding EAD collection devices for their respective IVC systems, making operations convenient and standardization easy. Compared with the SBS method, the EAD-PCR method significantly improves detection rate and timeliness, with the fastest detection possible after one week of exposure. It can serve as a supplement or replacement for the SBS method. Currently, increasing evidence supports that EAD-PCR testing is a more reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective monitoring method, and is more beneficial to animal welfare. This article reviews the application progress of these two methods for monitoring pathogens, analyzes the existing limitations of the EAD-PCR method, and proposes solutions based on its implementation in our laboratory and examination units. The EAD-PCR method helps reduce the number of live sentinel animals used in pathogen monitoring, in order to better maintain the "3Rs" principle of laboratory animal welfare.

Formulation of Emergency Response Plan for Laboratory Animal Biosafety Emergencies in Hunan Province / 实验动物与比较医学

The emergency management of biosafety for laboratory animals in Hunan Province is an essential component of the province’s implementation of the national biosafety strategy. To strengthen the prevention and control of biosafety risks in laboratory animals and to ensure a quick and effective response to laboratory animal biosafety emergencies, Hunan Province has formulated the "Emergency Response Plan for Laboratory Animal Biosafety Emergencies in Hunan Province". This plan aims to minimize damages caused to practitioners, public health, and laboratory animal industry, protect lives and property, and safeguard public safety and social stability. This paper analyzes the necessity, guiding ideology, principles, and basis for formulating the plan. It details the main contents of the plan, which includes scope of application, incident classification, organizational structure and responsibilities, monitoring and early warning mechanisms, emergency reporting and response, post-incident assessment, and safeguard measures. Moreover, this paper provides a summary and outlook on the emergency management of biosafety laboratory animals in Hunan Province in recent years.

A Ten-Year Comparative Study on Ethical Cognition of Experimental Animals among Medical Students in a University / 中国医学伦理学

The study was carried out to understand the changes in the ethical cognition status of laboratory animals and the effectiveness of laboratory animal ethics education among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University (CSU), and provide new enlightenment for further strengthening the ethical education of laboratory animals. In the study, the same self-compiled questionnaire was used to investigate the ethical cognition of experimental animals among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU in 2011 and 2021, and 359 and 363 questionnaires were collected respectively. Through comparative analysis of the questionnaire results before and after ten years, it was found that medical students’ animal experiment operation and attitudes towards laboratory animals, cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge and their attitude to animal experiment ethics education were significantly improved. It showed that the state of experimental animal ethics cognition among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU had improved significantly in recent 10 years, but the cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge was higher than the actual behavior of caring for experimental animals, and there was the phenomenon of "separation of knowledge and action". The ethics education of experimental animals needs to pay more attention to the development of students’ behavior of caring for experimental animals.

Based on respect for life:A brief talk about Laboratory Animal Memorial Day and Monuments / 中国比较医学杂志

As the basic carrier and key condition for research in the fields of life science,medicine and pharmacy,laboratory animals have played an extremely important role in the development of modern science.Animal welfare ethics is built on the moral foundation of human civilization and is a product of social and economic development to a certain stage.From a scientific point of view,treating animals well is both a humanitarian need and a need for scientific experiments.This paper elaborates the role and significance of laboratory animal welfare from the aspects of the development of laboratory animal welfare ethics and the content of regulations and policies,whether and how to establish a memorial day and monument for laboratory animals,and calls on experimental personnel to follow the"3R"principle and enhance their sense of responsibility and awareness of norms.

Application and challenges of NHP laboratory animals in neuroscience / 中国比较医学杂志

Non-human primates(NHP)are becoming increasingly important laboratory animals,especially in the field of neuroscience,where many significant breakthroughs have been made,including research on brain development,neurodegenerative diseases,and psychiatric disorders.However,as their breeding and use grows,biosafety and animal ethics issues should be considered.This review summarizes the application and challenges of NHP laboratory animals in the neuroscience field from the aspects of an NHP overview,feeding and operation,biosafety,and animal ethics.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Currently, there are some concerns about the situation and, in particular, about the future of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Rodents are an example of synanthropic animals in urban environments that harbor important zoonoses. Although the molecular identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Rattus norvegicus from New York City had been reported, in other studies, urban wild rodents infected with this virus have not been found. This study aimed to molecularly identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents from Mexico City, trapped along a water channel of a public park as part of a pest control program, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the fall and winter of 2020. Up to 33 Mus musculus and 52 R. norvegicus were captured and euthanized, large intestine samples with feces from the animals were obtained. RNAs were obtained and subjected to qRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 identification and threshold cycle (Ct) values were obtained. Four mice (12.1%) and three rats (5.8%) were positive, three rodents exhibited Ct<30. Our results on the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rats are in line with other previous reports. Thus, similar to other authors, we suggest that surveillance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents, as sentinel animals, should be maintained.

Corneal reshaping: an experiment with a type I collagen-based vitrigel for remodeling porcine corneas / Remodelamento corneano: relato de um experimento com um vitrigel a base de colágeno tipo I para remodelamento de córneas porcinas

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to report an experiment designed to determine anatomical changes in porcine corneas following placement of a novel polymer implant into the cornea. Methods: An ex vivo porcine eye model was used. A novel type I collagen-based vitrigel implant (6 mm in diameter) was shaped with an excimer laser on the posterior surface to create three planoconcave shapes. Implants were inserted into a manually dissected stromal pocket at a depth of approximately 200 μm. Three treatment groups were defined: group A (n=3), maximal ablation depth 70 μm; Group B (n=3), maximal ablation depth 64 μm; and group C (n=3), maximal ablation depth 104 μm, with a central hole. A control group (D, n=3) was included, in which a stromal pocket was created but biomaterial was not inserted. Eyes were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal tomography. Results: Corneal tomography showed a trend for a decreased mean keratometry in all four groups. Optical coherence tomography showed corneas with implants placed within the anterior stroma and visible flattening, whereas the corneas in the control group did not qualitatively change shape. Conclusions: The novel planoconcave biomaterial implant described herein could reshape the cornea in an ex vivo model, resulting in the flattening of the cornea. Further studies are needed using in vivo animal models to confirm such findings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um experimento projetado para determinar alterações anatômicas em córneas porcinas após a colocação de um novo implante de polímero na córnea. Métodos: Foi utilizado olho de porco ex vivo. Um novo agente modelador biocompatível, de colágeno tipo 1, com 6mm de diâmetro foi moldado com excimer laser em sua face posterior, para criar três formatos planocôncavos. Os implantes foram inseridos dentro de um bolsão, dissecado manualmente, a 200 micrômetros (μm). Foram definidos três grupos de tratamento: grupo A (n=3), teve a profundidade máxima de ablação de 70 μm; o grupo B (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 64 μm; e o grupo C (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 104 μm, com buraco central. O grupo controle, D (n=3), foi incluído, com a criação do bolsão estromal, porém sem inserir o material. A avaliação desses olhos foi realizada por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e por tomografia corneana. Resultados: A tomografia corneana mostrou uma tendência para diminuição da ceratometria média em todos os 4 grupos. A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou córneas com implantes localizados no estroma anterior e aplanamento visível, enquanto as córneas não mudaram qualitativamente o formato no grupo controle. Conclusões: O novo implante de biomaterial planocôncavo descrito aqui foi capaz de remodelar a córnea em modelo de animal ex vivo, resultando no aplanamento corneano. Novos estudos são necessários usando modelos animais in vivo para confirmar tais achados.

Perfil dos casos suspeitos de intoxicação exógena em cães e gatos atendidos no hvu ufpi de Teresina-Pi no período de 2017 a 2021 / Profile of suspected cases of exogenous intoxication in dogs and cats treated at the hvu ufpi in Teresina-Pi from 2017 to 2021 / Perfil de los casos sospechosos de intoxicación exógena en perros y gatos atendidos en el hvu ufpi de Teresina-Pi de 2017 a 2021

Os casos suspeitos de intoxicações exógenas são frequentes na clínica de cães e gatos. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos suspeitos de intoxicação em cães e gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da UFPI, localizado em Teresina PI, durante o período de 2017 a 2021. Os casos foram classificados por agente tóxico suspeito, espécie, idade e ano de ocorrência. No total foram registrados 324 casos, sendo 58 em 2017, 88 em 2018, 94 em 2019, 50 em 2020 e 34 em 2021. A maioria dos casos ocorreu em 2019 (29,01%) tendo como causa principal a intoxicação medicamentosa (16,04%), seguida da intoxicação por agrotóxicos (10,80%). A maior prevalência foi em animais com idade inferior a cinco anos (87,03%); machos (56,79%); cães (68,20%). Foram observados: elevado número de casos sem agente tóxico identificado (28,08%) e de fichas de atendimento não preenchidas (8,33%) pelos médicos veterinários em atendimento. A prevenção, a educação continuada dos tutores e a capacitação dos médicos veterinários são destacadas como essenciais para a redução dos casos de intoxicações exógenas em cães e gatos.(AU)

Suspected cases of exogenous poisoning are frequent in the clinic of dogs and cats. The present study aimed to perform a retrospective study of suspected cases of intoxication in dogs and cats treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of UFPI, located in Teresina PI, during the period from 2017 to 2021. The cases were classified by suspected toxic agent, species, age and year of occurrence. A total of 324 cases were recorded, being 58 in 2017, 88 in 2018, 94 in 2019, 50 in 2020 and 34 in 2021. Most cases occurred in 2019 (29.01%) with drug intoxication (16.04%) as the main cause, followed by pesticide intoxication (10.80%). The highest prevalence was in animals less than five years old (87.03%); males (56.79%); dogs (68.20%). It was observed: high number of cases without identified toxic agent (28.08%) and unfilled attendance forms (8.33%) by the attending veterinarians. Prevention, continued education of guardians and training of veterinarians are highlighted as essential for the reduction of cases of exogenous poisoning in dogs and cats.(AU)

Los casos sospechosos de intoxicaciones exógenas son frecuentes en la clínica de perros y gatos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los casos sospechosos de intoxicación en perros y gatos tratados en el Hospital Veterinario Universitario de la UFPI, ubicado en Teresina PI, durante el período de 2017 a 2021. Los casos se clasificaron por agente tóxico sospechoso, especie, edad y año de ocurrencia. Se registraron un total de 324 casos, 58 en 2017, 88 en 2018, 94 en 2019, 50 en 2020 y 34 en 2021. La mayoría de los casos se produjeron en 2019 (29,01%) siendo la intoxicación por fármacos la principal causa (16,04%), seguida de la intoxicación por plaguicidas (10,80%). La mayor prevalencia se dio en animales menores de cinco años (87,03%); machos (56,79%); perros (68,20%). Se observó un elevado número de casos sin agente tóxico identificado (28,08%) y de formularios asistenciales no cumplimentados (8,33%) por los veterinarios asistentes. Se insiste en que la prevención, la educación continuada de los propietarios de animales de compañía y la formación de los veterinarios son esenciales para reducir los casos de intoxicación exógena en perros y gatos.(AU)

¿Sienten los animales? / Do animals feel?

Resumen: La visión antropocéntrica del ser humano ha llevado a la explotación de animales para satisfacer sus necesidades, tanto primarias (como la alimentación) como secundarias (como el entretenimiento), sin preocuparse por su sufrimiento o bienestar. Sin embargo, las teorías de la evolución de Lamarck y Darwin borraron la dicotomía humano-animal y colocaron al primero como una especie más dentro de toda la diversidad biológica. Hans Jonas afirmó que las diferencias entre los humanos y los otros animales estaban en el grado de complejidad y no en las capacidades, contribuyendo a la idea de una continuidad biológica desde un origen común. La similitud anatomofisiológica, la presencia de mediadores químicos de dolor, los cambios bioquímicos y fisiológicos ante situaciones dolorosas, además de la respuesta favorable al uso de medicamentos analgésicos, demuestran que los demás animales sienten dolor y padecen sufrimiento. La Declaración de Cambridge sobre la consciencia destaca que no es necesario poseer neocórtex para ser considerado como sintiente, lo que ha llevado a analizar esta capacidad, inclusive, en muchos invertebrados. ¿Los animales sienten? Invariablemente la respuesta es sí. Es importante tener consideración de ello para evitar su sufrimiento, tal y como se propone en la teoría sensocéntrica de Peter Singer, en caso contrario, podríamos ser señalados de discriminación, que, por estar asociada a la pertenencia a una especie biológica, se denomina especismo.

Abstract: The anthropocentric view of life has led to the exploitation of animals to satisfy the human needs, primary (such as food) and secondary (such as entertainment), without regard for their suffering or well-being. However, Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution erased the dichotomy between human and animal, placing the former as just another species within the entire biological diversity of life. Hans Jonas asserted that the differences between humans and other animals lie in the degree of complexity and not in capabilities, contributing to the idea of biological continuity from a common origin. The anatomic and physiological similarities, the presence of chemical pain mediators, the biochemical and physiological changes in painful situations, as well as the positive response to the use of analgesic medications, demonstrate that other animals feel pain and suffer. The Cambridge Declaration on consciousness emphasizes that it is not necessary to possess a neocortex to be considered sentient, which has led to the analysis of this capacity even in many invertebrates. Do animals feel? Invariably the answer is yes. It is important to consider this to avoid their suffering, as proposed in Peter Singer's sensocentrism theory. Otherwise, we could be accused of discrimination, which, based on species membership, is called speciesism.

Análise epidemiológica dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no estado de pernambuco / Epidemiological analysis of accidents caused by venomous animals in the state of Pernambuco

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no estado de Pernambuco, entre 2018 e 2022. Método: Pesquisa epidemiológica do tipo quantitativa, realizada com secundários do SINAN. Selecionado às variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, raça, escolaridade, gestação, local de picada, tempo de atendimento, tipo de acidente, soroterapia, classificação e evolução final. Os Programa Microsoft Excel e Word foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados: Foram notificados 105.005 casos, predominando-se em períodos quentes e chuvosos. Houve maior notificação no sexo feminino (53,05%), dos 20 aos 39 anos (31,74%), ensino fundamental incompleto (15,96%), pardos (67,88%) e não gestantes (87,07%). A maioria dos acidentes foram causados por escorpiões (73,39%), originando-se nos pés (30,35%), com atendimento médico em até 1 hora (47,74%), leves (85,73%), evoluindo para cura (91,52%) sem soroterapia (82,92%). Conclusão: Torna-se evidente a importância de medidas para seu controle, principalmente em orientações populacional e o preenchimento correto da ficha de notificação.(AU)

To analyze the epidemiological profile of accidents by venomous animals in the state of Pernambuco between 2018 and 2022. Method: Quantitative epidemiological research using secondary data from SINAN. The following variables were selected: gender, age group, race, schooling, pregnancy, place of bite, time of care, type of accident, serotherapy, classification and final evolution. The Microsoft Excel and Word programs were used for statistical analysis. Results: 105,005 cases were reported, predominantly during hot and rainy periods. Most cases were reported among females (53.05%), those aged between 20 and 39 (31.74%), those with incomplete primary education (15.96%), those with brown skin (67.88%) and those who were not pregnant (87.07%). The majority of accidents were caused by scorpions (73.39%), originated in the feet (30.35%), with medical attention within 1 hour (47.74%), mild (85.73%), evolving to cure (91.52%) without serotherapy (82.92%). Conclusion: The importance of measures to control the disease is clear, especially in terms of guidance for the population and the correct completion of the notification form.(AU)

Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de los accidentes por animales venenosos en el estado de Pernambuco entre 2018 y 2022. Método: Investigación epidemiológica cuantitativa utilizando datos secundarios del SINAN. Fueron seleccionadas las siguientes variables: sexo, grupo de edad, raza, escolaridad, embarazo, lugar de la mordedura, tiempo de atención, tipo de accidente, sueroterapia, clasificación y evolución final. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó Microsoft Excel y Word. Resultados: Se notificaron 105.005 casos, predominantemente durante los períodos cálidos y lluviosos. La mayoría de los casos se notificaron en mujeres (53,05%), con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 39 años (31,74%), con estudios primarios incompletos (15,96%), de piel morena (67,88%) y no embarazadas (87,07%). La mayoría de los accidentes fueron causados por escorpiones (73,39%), se originaron en los pies (30,35%), recibieron atención médica en menos de 1 hora (47,74%), fueron leves (85,73%) y evolucionaron hacia la curación (91,52%) sin sueroterapia (82,92%). Conclusión: Es evidente la importancia de las medidas de control de la enfermedad, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la orientación de la población y a la correcta cumplimentación del formulario de notificación.(AU)

Prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en niños y animales domésticos en dos barrios periurbanos del nordeste de Argentina / Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and domestic animals from two peri-urban neighborhoods in northeastern Argentina

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales de niños y animales domésticos en dos barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina. También evaluamos las características de los humanos, factores socio-ambientales y prácticas de higiene asociadas con la presencia de parásitos. Las muestras fecales fueron examinadas usando técnicas de concentración por sedimentación y flotación. Se detectaron huevos de Enterobius vermicularis en niños utilizando el método de Graham. El análisis de los datos fue univariado y bivariado. En total, 58 viviendas fueron evaluadas, de las cuales se obtuvieron 146 muestras de heces de niños y 101 muestras de animales. Se registró al menos una especie de parásito en 54 viviendas (93,1%). Encontramos parásitos en el 52,7% de los niños, principalmente los protozoos Blastocystis spp. (35,6%) y Giardia spp. (21,2%). Se detectaron parásitos en 67,32% de los animales, principalmente ancilostomídeos (60,7%). En conclusión, es evidente que el ambiente doméstico presenta condiciones favorables para la transmisión de estos parásitos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and domestic animals from two peri-urban neighborhoods in Corrientes, Argentina. We also evaluated the characteristics of humans, socio-environmental features, and hygiene practices associated with the presence of parasites. Fecal samples were examined using techniques of concentration by sedimentation and flotation. The Graham method was used to diagnose Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children. We carried out the univariate and bivariate analysis of the data. We analyzed 58 dwellings, from which we obtained 146 stool samples from children and 101 from animals. We found at least one parasite species in 54 dwellings (93.1%). We found that 52.7% of children had parasites, mainly Blastocystis spp. (35.6%) and Giardia spp. (21.2%). We found that 67.32% of the animals had parasites, the most prevalent species being hookworms (60.7%). In conclusion, it is evident that the domestic environment can favor the transmission of these parasites.

Trends in occurrences of accidents by venomous animals in brazil: analysis of notifications from 2007 to 2021 / Tendências na ocorrência de acidentes por animais peçonhentos no brasil: análise das notificações de 2007 a 2021 / Tendencias en las ocurrencias de accidentes por animales venenosos en Brasil: análisis de las notificaciones de 2007 a 2021

Os acidentes por animais peçonhentos sãoum problema de saúde pública que apresenta elevado número de casos anuais no Brasil. Objetivo:descrever e analisar as ocorrências de acidentes por animais peçonhentos no Brasil e suas tendências entre 2007 e 2021.Metodologia:oestudo utilizou dados doSistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação edo Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade.A população do estudo foi analisada segundo sexo, faixa etária e região de residência. A análise de tendência da série histórica foi realizada por regressão linear generalizada usando a estimação de Prais-Winsten.Resultados:as taxas de ocorrência padronizadas dobraram no período estudado (53,8/100.000 hab. em 2007 para 111,2/100.000 hab. em 2021). A região Nordeste apresentou a maior taxa de ocorrência padronizada (105,5/100.000 hab.). As regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste apresentaram maior taxa bruta de acidentes por escorpiões (75,8, 48,7 e 32,8 acidentes/100.000 hab., respectivamente), enquanto a região Norte por serpentes (54,2 acidentes/100.000 hab.) e a Região Sul por aranhas (60,3 acidentes/100.000 hab.). A taxa de mortalidade observada no período de 2007 a 2020 foi de 1,3 óbitos/1 milhão de hab. Entre as mortes registradas, 39,6% foram por picada de cobra.Conclusões:as tendências no Brasil foram ascendentes para ambos os sexos e para todas as faixas etárias. Apenas as regiões Norte e Sul apresentaram algumas categorias com tendências estacionárias. A análise dos dados epidemiológicos possibilita a identificação de populações-alvo e a elaboração de políticas públicas a fim de prevenir novos acidentes, bem como aprimorar o atendimento às pessoas acometidas por meio do planejamento da distribuição de soros antiofídicos (AU).

Accidents by venomous animals is a public health problem that presents a high number of annual cases in Brazil.Objective:to describe and analyze the occurrences of accidents by venomous animalsin Brazil and their trends between 2007 and 2021.Methodology:the study used Notifiable Diseases Information Systemand Mortality Information Systemdata. The study population wasanalyzed according to sex, age group, and region of residence. Trend analysis of the historical series was performed by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winsten estimation.Results:the standardized occurrence rates doubled during the studied period (53.8/100,000 inhab. in 2007 to 111.2/100,000 inhab. in 2021). The Northeast region had the highest standardized occurrence rate (105.5/100,000 inhab.). The Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions had a higher crude rate of accidents caused by scorpions (75.8, 48.7 and 32.8 accidents/100,000 inhab., respectively), while the North region by snakes (54.2 accidents/100,000 inhab.), and the South region by spiders (60.3 accidents/100,000 inhab.). Death rate observed in the period from 2007 to 2020 was 1.3deaths/1 million inhab. Among the deaths registered, 39.6% were from snakebite.Conclusions:trends in Brazil were ascendant for both sexes and for all age groups. Only the North and South regions showed some categories with stationary trends. The analysis of epidemiological data makes it possible the identification of target populations and elaborations of public policies in order to prevent new accidents, as well as the improvement of care for affected people by planning the distribution of antivenom serums (AU).

Los accidentes por animales venenosos son un problema de salud pública que presenta un elevado número de casos anuales en Brasil. Objetivo: describir y analizar lasocurrencias de accidentes por animales venenosos en Brasil y sus tendencias entre 2007 y 2021.Metodología: el estudio utilizó datos del sistema de información de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria(SINAN, según su sigla en portugués)ydelsistema de información de mortalidad. La población delestudio se analizó según sexo, grupo de edad y región de residencia. El análisis de tendencia de la serie histórica se realizó mediante regresión lineal generalizada utilizando la estimación de Prais-Winsten.Resultados: las tasas de ocurrencia estandarizadas se duplicaron durante el período estudiado (de 53,8/100000 hab. en 2007 a 111,2/100000 hab. en 2021). La región Nordeste presentó la mayor tasa de ocurrencia estandarizada (105,5/100000 hab.). Las regiones Nordeste, Sudeste y Medio Oeste presentaron la mayor tasa bruta de accidentes por alacranes (75,8, 48,7 y 32,8 accidentes/100000 hab., respectivamente), mientras que la región Norte por serpientes (54,2 accidentes/100000 hab.), y la Región Sur por arañas (60,3 accidentes/100000 hab.). La tasa de mortalidad observada en el período de 2007 a 2020 fue de 1,3 muertes/1 millón de hab. Entre las muertes registradas, el 39,6% fueron por mordedura de serpiente.Conclusiones: las tendencias en Brasil fueron ascendentes para ambos sexos y para todos los grupos de edad. Solo las regiones Norte y Sur presentaron algunas categorías con tendencias estacionarias. El análisis de datos epidemiológicos posibilita la identificación de poblaciones objetivo y la elaboración de políticas públicas para la prevención de nuevos accidentes, así como la mejora de la atención a las personas afectadas mediante la planificación de la distribución de sueros antiofídicos (AU).

Perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos acidentes por Lepidópteros, do gênero Lonomia, atendidos no CIATox/PR, 2015-2019 / Clinical and epidemiological profile of accidents caused by Lepidoptera, of the Lonomia genus, assisted at CIATox/PR

Introdução: Os acidentes por lepidópteros são agravos de interesse à saúde pública e a avaliação de suas características pode contribuir para melhorar sua assistência e prevenção. Este estudo analisou o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por lagartas do gênero Lonomia no Paraná. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de base secundária realizado no Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica do Paraná (CIATox/PR), em Curitiba, no período de 2015 a 2019. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva e Teste do qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 84 acidentes por Lonomia sp. com predomínio em adultos (45,2%), do sexo masculino (59,5%), e de lesões em membros superiores (84,5%). O contato com as lagartas ocorreram na área peridomiciliar da residência habitual do paciente (72,6%), na zona rural (64,27%) da macrorregião oeste paranaense (38,1%). O verão concentrou 71,4% dos casos, seguido por primavera e outono com 14,3% dos casos, respectivamente, sem registros no inverno. As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes foram dor local (62,4%), equimose (34,1%), eritema (34,1%), edema e queimação (17,6% cada). A classificação leve mostrou uma redução entre a fase inicial e a final do processo, ao contrário da moderada e grave, que tiveram aumento significativo de casos (p=0,006). O RNI (Relação Normatizada Internacional) foi incoagulável em 16,7% dos pacientes. Dois casos apresentaram piora do quadro clínico, sendo uma evolução para acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico e um óbito. Discussão: Maior número de casos registrados na zona rural, tanto na residência habitual ou ambiente laboral, se dá pelo maior contato com o habitat das lagartas como árvores frutíferas e grandes monoculturas, o que também explica o fato de a macrorregião oeste ter o maior número de casos registrados. O aumento do desmatamento, incentivos à construção de parques públicos e plantio de árvores frutíferas na zona urbana são hipóteses para o aumento de casos nessa área. Percebeu-se que manifestações clínicas discretas podem ter uma evolução desfavorável, quando comparado estadiamento inicial e final. A realização do RNI se mostrou de grande importância na mudança de estadiamento, conduta terapêutica e diagnóstico. Conclusão: O perfil encontrado foi de acidentes por Lonomia sp. com sazonalidade no verão, em homens adultos da zona rural com gravidade moderada. Esses achados revelam a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce frente às diferentes possibilidades de evolução clínica desses acidentes. É fundamental estimular estratégias para identificação da lagarta, notificação dos casos e medidas preventivas permanentes para reduzir riscos e agravos (AU).

Introduction: Lonomic accidents are of public health interest and the evaluation of their characteristics can contribute to the improvement of their attention and prevention. This study analyzed the epidemiological profile of Lonomic accidents in Paraná. Methods: This study is a retrospective secondary-based study carried out at the Center of Toxicologic Information and Assistance of Paraná (CIATox/PR), in Curitiba, from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: The sample consisted of 84 accidents with Lonomia sp., showing greater occurrences among adults (45.2%) of the male gender (59.5%) and injuries on the upper limbs (84.5%). Contact with the worm occurred mainly in the patient's usual residence (72.6%), in the rural area (64.27%), and in Paraná's West macro-region (38.1%). Most cases were registered in the summer (71.4%), followed by spring and autumn (14.3%), and no accidents were registered in winter. The most frequent clinical manifestations were local pain (62.3%), ecchymosis (34.1%), erythema (34.1%), swelling and burning (17.6% each). The mild classification showed a reduction between the initial and the final phase of the process, as opposed to moderate and severe classifications, which showed a significant increase in the percentage (p=0,006). The INR was incoagulable in 16.7% of patients. Two cases showed progressive worsening, one of them evolved into a hemorrhagic stroke and one death. Discussion: The greater number of incidents registered in the rural area, both in the patients' usual residence and work environment, can be due to the greater contact with the caterpillar's natural habits, such as fruit trees and large monocultures. This also explains the larger number of registered incidents in the western macro-region. The increased deforestation, the construction of public parks, and the planting of fruit trees in the urban area are hypotheses for the increase of reported cases in this area. When comparing initial and final staging, it was noticed that discrete clinical manifestations could have an unfavorable evolution. The INR request proved to be of great importance in the management, diagnosis and change of staging of the patient. Conclusion:The epidemiological profile was of Lonomia sp. accidents happening in summer in adult males in the rural area with moderate severity. These findings reveal the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in view of these accidents' different possibilities of clinical evolution. It is essential to encourage strategies for identifying the caterpillar, reporting cases, and implementing permanent preventive measures to reduce risks and complications (AU).

Subsistence hunting and the introduction of Neotropical echinococcosis into the domestic environment in the Brazilian Amazon / Caça de subsistência e a introdução da equinococose neotropical no ambiente doméstico na Amazónia brasileira

The present study recorded the consumption of paca and agouti meat and revealed the presence of hydatid cysts in the livers of these rodents in extractivist communities in Brazilian Amazonia. A total of 42 families (with a median four of members per household) were interviewed, of which 98% (n=41) reported the consumption of paca and 86% (n=36) the consumption of agouti. Structures consistent with hydatid cysts were detected more frequently in the liver tissue of the pacas (74% ­ 31 of 42 samples) than the agoutis (26% ­ 11/42). The parasitological analysis of a paca liver confirmed the presence of E. vogeli. The consumption of the meat of these rodents and the confirmation of infection by E. vogeli represent preoccupying risk factors for the inhabitants of these forest communities, given that the uncooked viscera of both rodents are often fed to domestic dogs.

O presente estudo registrou o consumo de carne de paca e cutia e revelou a presença de cistos hidáticos nos fígados desses roedores em comunidades extrativistas da Amazônia brasileira. Foram entrevistadas 42 famílias (mediana quatro membros/família), destas 98% (n=41) informaram o consumo de paca e 86% (n=36) o consumo de cutia. Estruturas compatíveis com cistos hidáticos foram relatadas com maior frequência em fígados de pacas 74% (31/42) do que em cutias 26% (11/42). A análise parasitológica de um fígado de paca confirmou a presença de E. vogeli. O consumo da carne desses roedores e a confirmação da infecção por E. vogeli representam fatores de risco preocupantes para os moradores dessas comunidades florestais, uma vez que as vísceras cruas de ambos os roedores são utilizadas na alimentação de cães domésticos.

A Study of Clinico-social Profile of Animal Bite Patients Attending the Antirabies Clinic of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur

Background: Rabies is one of zoonotic viral disease, estimated to cause 59000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries, of which 20,000 are from India alone; about 40% of which are in children under the age of 15. Rabies though 100% fatal is preventable with post-exposure prophylaxis which includes wound washing, anti-rabies vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin. Objective: To describe the clinico-social profile of animal bite patients attending the anti-rabies clinic of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the anti-rabies clinic of Nehru hospital, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from January 2022 to May 2022. Study participants were interviewed by using a pre-phrased, pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data regarding socio-demographic and clinical profile of the study participants following animal bite exposure was collected. Results: The total number of animal bite victims were 250, in which majority of them were males (76.77%) and highest percentage was of adult population (20-59 years). Maximum number of victims were from rural area (78.70%). 19.35% were working and 39.35% were students. 77.43% were category III bites and in 50.96% cases lower limb was the site of bite and dogs were responsible for 89.67% of the bites. 60.64% victims did not wash the wound properly before reaching the anti-rabies clinic. Conclusion: This study concludes that as majority of the animal bite victims were students and majority of victims were unaware about the importance of wound care, therefore a step can be taken to create awareness in various schools.

La hipertensión arterial en animales de laboratorio / High blood pressure in experimental animals

Las Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas requieren, prioritariamente, que la investigación y la experimentación sean desarrolladas sobre organismos completos (los modelos animales). Su utilización ha permitido desarrollar innumerables ensayos preclínicos para evaluar los mecanismos patógenos y terapéuticos de diversas enfermedades, así como el estudio de las causas, naturaleza y cura de múltiples desórdenes de la salud humana. En este trabajo se muestra una panorámica general de los biomodelos de hipertensión arterial donde se describen: conceptos, características, origen, importancia, utilidad y procedimientos experimentales durante su fase de inducción. También se pondera la justificación de los biomodelos empleados en los estudios preclínicos de esta enfermedad. De igual forma, se describen los antecedentes para medir las alteraciones, las técnicas y los métodos directos e indirectos de medición de la presión arterial, la cual fue provocada experimentalmente en los animales de laboratorio para realizar los estudios de hipertensión humana.

Medical and biological sciences require, as a priority, that research and experimentation be carried out on complete organisms (animal models). Its use has allowed the development of innumerable preclinical tests to evaluate pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms of various diseases, as well as to study the causes, nature and cure of multiple human health disorders. In this work, we show a general overview of arterial hypertension biomodels where concepts, characteristics, origin, importance, utility and experimental procedures during their induction phase are described. The justification of the biomodels used in preclinical studies of this disease is also considered. Antecedents are also described to measure alterations, techniques and direct and indirect methods of measurement of arterial pressure, which was provoked experimentally in the laboratory animals to carry out the studies of human hypertension.