Résumé
La hemoglobina reticulocitaria es un nuevo parámetro dentro de los autoanalizadores hematológicos de cuarta generación, siendo indispensable en el diagnóstico y manejo de eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro, especialmente la deficiencia funcional de hierro, el secuestro de hierro y la deficiencia absoluta de hierro. Además, este parámetro demuestra ser más preciso que las pruebas bioquímicas como el hierro sérico, la ferritina y la saturación de transferrina, en la detección precoz de eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la utilidad clínica de la hemoglobina reticulocitaria (CHr) en el diagnóstico temprano de eritropoyesis por deficiencia de hierro absoluto en mujeres adolescentes. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo, analítico, el diseño de campo transversal. La muestra voluntaria, no aleatoria estuvo constituida por 62 mujeres adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 19 años. Como resultado se encontró que el 97% de la muestra tiene disminución de la CHr, indicando eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro, mientras que un 3% de las adolescentes presentan valores normales para la CHr, se realizó la relación diagnostica entre pruebas de laboratorio tales como CHr y el Hierro sérico. También se reportó que el 93% de la muestra presenta déficit de hierro sin anemia, y un 7% tiene anemia ferropénica, el rango de edad con mayor predominio de anemia ferropénica fue entre los 14 y 16 años. Se concluye que la CHr es de utilidad clínica y una nueva herramienta de diagnóstico temprano de eritropoyesis por deficiencia de hierro.
Reticulocyte hemoglobin is a new parameter within the fourth generation hematological autoanalyzers, being indispensable in the diagnosis and management of iron deficient erythropoiesis, especially functional iron deficiency, iron sequestration and absolute iron deficiency. Moreover, this parameter proves to be more accurate than biochemical tests such as serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation in the early detection of iron deficient erythropoiesis. The aim of the research was to describe the clinical utility of reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) in the early diagnosis of absolute iron deficiency erythropoiesis in adolescent females. The type of research was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional field design. The voluntary, non-random sample consisted of 62 adolescent females aged between 14 and 19 years. As a result, it was found that 97% of the sample had decreased CHr, indicating iron deficient erythropoiesis, while 3% of the adolescents had normal values for CHr. The diagnostic relationship between laboratory tests such as CHr and serum iron was performed. It was also reported that 93% of the sample presented iron deficiency without anemia, and 7% had iron deficiency anemia; the age range with the highest prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was between 14 and 16 years of age. It is concluded that HRH is clinically useful and a new tool for early diagnosis of erythropoiesis due to iron deficiency.
A hemoglobina reticulócita é um novo parâmetro dentro da quarta geração de auto-analisadores hematológicos, sendo indispensável no diagnóstico e manejo da eritropoiese com deficiência de ferro, especialmente deficiência funcional de ferro, seqüestro de ferro e deficiência absoluta de ferro. Além disso, este parâmetro prova ser mais preciso do que testes bioquímicos como ferro sérico, ferritina e saturação da transferrina na detecção precoce de eritropoiese com deficiência de ferro. O objetivo da pesquisa foi descrever a utilidade clínica da hemoglobina reticulocitária (RCHr) no diagnóstico precoce da eritropoiese absoluta de deficiência de ferro em mulheres adolescentes. O tipo de pesquisa foi descritivo, analítico, de corte transversal do campo. A amostra voluntária e não aleatória consistiu de 62 fêmeas adolescentes com idades entre 14 e 19 anos. Como resultado, descobriu-se que 97% da amostra tinha uma diminuição na HRH, indicando uma eritropoiese com deficiência de ferro, enquanto 3% das adolescentes tinham valores normais para HRH. Também foi relatado que 93% da amostra tinha deficiência de ferro sem anemia, e 7% tinha anemia por deficiência de ferro; a faixa etária com maior prevalência de anemia por deficiência de ferro era entre 14 e 16 anos. Conclui-se que o RHH é clinicamente útil e uma nova ferramenta para o diagnóstico precoce da eritropoiese devido à deficiência de ferro.
Sujets)
Anémie , Carences en ferRésumé
Background: To study the prevalence and pattern of iron de?ciency (ID)in heart failure (HF) patients with or without anaemia.Methods: This is a single-centre observational study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Punjab. Patients were selected based on validated clinical criteria-Framingham criteria. The iron parameters were done during the study including serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation (TSAT), to diagnose iron deficiency anaemia. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin (Hb) < 13g/dl in males and <12 g/dL in females, based on WHO definition. Absolute iron deficiency is defined as serum ferritin < 100 mg/L and functional ID was defined as normal serum ferritin (100�0 mg/L) with low TSAT (<20%).Results: A total of 120 patients of Heart Failure (54% males and 46% females) were studied. Most of the patients were of high-functional NYHA class (Class IV NYHA n=45). Iron Deficiency was present in 60% patients with 31.66% patients having absolute and 28.33% patients having functional ID. Nearly one-fifth of the patients were having ID but without anemia, signifying importance of workup of Iron deficiency other than haemoglobin levels.Conclusions: Study highlights the neglected burden of ID in HF patients in India. This study suggests further large-scale studies to better characterize this easily treatable condition and considering routine testing in future Indian guidelines.
Résumé
Resumen: la incorporación de los autoanalizador de hematología al laboratorio clínico no solo mejoró la calidad de los resultados de los parámetros convencionales del hemograma sino que ha permitido,especialmente con aquellos de última generación, introducir nuevos parámetros de gran utilidad clínica. Uno de los nuevos parámetros es la hemoglobina reticulocitaria, la cual se vislumbra como una potente herramienta en el diagnóstico y el manejo de la eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro en sus diferentes manifestaciones, en particular la deficiencia absoluta de hierro, la deficiencia funcional de hierro y el secuestro del hierro. La hemoglobina reticulocitaria en todos los casos en donde hay eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro es el primer parámetro detectable en el hemograma y, a su vez, es el primero que se normaliza cuando la terapia administrada ha sido la adecuada; además, ha demostradoser costo eficiente, sobre todo por ser un parámetro del hemograma más que una prueba adicional. El único problema, hasta el momento, es que solo está disponible en algunos autoanalizadoresde hematología como los de las compañías Siemens y Sysmex, en sus modelos de cuarta generación, también conocidos como hemograma tipo VI o hemograma ampliado o extendido. Con el presente módulo se pretende presentar este nuevo parámetro que la comunidad médica debe incorporar como propio y los laboratorios clínicos deberían estar preparados para incorporarlo a sus portafolios de servicios, como una nueva herramienta complementaria en la prevención, la detección y el manejo de la eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro en sus diversas manifestaciones.
Abstract: the incorporation of hematology autoanalyzers in the clinical laboratory improved the quality of the results of conventional blood count (CBC) parameters. In addition, these machines, especially those of last generation, have allowed introducing new parameters of great clinical utility. One of these new parameters is the reticulocyte hemoglobin that is emerging as a powerful tool in the diagnosis and management of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. Also is useful in several of its forms, particularly in absolute iron deficiency, functional iron deficiency, and iron sequestration. The reticulocyte hemoglobin in all cases where there is iron-deficient erythropoiesis is the first parameter detectable in the CBC, in turn; it is the first that is normalized when the administered therapy has been adequate. It has also proven to be cost effective, especially for being a CBC parameter more than an additional test. The only problem so far is that it is only available in some hematology autoanalyzers as those of Siemens and Sysmex companies, in its fourth generation models, also known as type-VI CBC or expanded or extended CBC. With this module pretends to present a new parameter that the medical community should incorporate as own and the clinical laboratories should be prepared to include it into their service portfolios as a new complementary tool in the prevention, detection, and management of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in its various manifestations.