A prospective study of acceptability, safety and demographic profile for post placental intrauterine contraceptive device

Background: The objective of this study was to study the acceptance rate, safety, demographic profile and complication of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD).Methods: Study was prospective, interventional study, held in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at authors tertiary care centre.  Number of participants was 280. Counselling about family planning was done in antenatal OPD and indoor ward. Total duration of study was 18 months. Selection of participants done based on selection criteria. Participants who accepted postplacental   intrauterine contraceptive device as method of contraception followed up to 6 weeks postnatal for complication related to PPIUCD.Results: Authors noted that acceptance rate of PPIUCD was 13.6% and main reason for acceptance was its long acting reversible nature and main reason for denial was ‘do not want contraception immediately’. In present study there was statistically significant association between parity and birth order. However, literacy, urban locality and employment had positive influence over acceptance.  If good technique of insertion will be used than expulsion rate will also reduce as seen in present study i.e. expulsion rate only 2.6 %.Conclusions: Post placental intrauterine contraceptive device is one of the best long acting reversible contraceptive methods. It does not affect breast milk production. Woman does not need extra visit to clinic for contraception and she is ensured that she has adequate contraception before getting discharge from hospital. PPIUCD provide adequate birth spacing between two children which reduces maternal and child morbidity.

Análise do impacto do tênis e coturno fornecidos pelo exército brasileiro durante a marcha / Analysis of shock absortion during gait wearing tennis shoes and military boots from Brazilian Army

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a absorção de impacto durante a marcha descalço e com tênis e coturno fornecidos pelo Exército Brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por 20 soldados saudáveis recém-incorporados sem sintomas ou lesões musculoesqueléticas ou neurológicas que interferissem na marcha. Os sujeitos foram instruídos a caminhar em uma plataforma de madeira de 10 metros de comprimento por um metro de largura, com duas plataformas de força (Bertec, EUA) embutidas no centro. O componente vertical da força de reação do solo foi avaliado durante a marcha nas situações tênis, coturno e descalço. O sistema de cinemetria (Qualysis, Suécia) foi utilizado para medir a velocidade da marcha em cada situação de teste. O primeiro pico de força (PPF), o tempo para atingir o PPF (T_PPF), pico transiente de impacto (IPF) e a taxa de aceitação do peso (TAP) entre 10% e 30%, 30% e 50%, 50% e 70%, 70% e 90% e 10% e 90% do PPF foram avaliadas. O T_PPF foi em média 1s menor (p < 0,0001), o IPF e a TAP entre 10% e 30% do PPF foram maiores (p < 0,0001, ambos) descalço comparados a marcha com tênis e coturno. Não foi observado diferença estatística nas outras variáveis estudadas nas três condições de teste, bem como em nenhuma variável na comparação entre tênis e coturno. Os calçados avaliados são eficientes em reduzir o impacto durante a marcha por atrasar em média 1 s o tempo em que o PPF foi atingido, reduzir o IPF e a TAP nos primeiros 30% do PPF

This study aimed at comparing shock absorption during gait while walking barefoot, tennis shoes and military boots. Twenty healthy soldiers without neurologic or musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated. Subjects walked 10 meters along a straight and level walkway at a comfortable speed in barefoot condition and using tennis shoes and military boots. Two force platforms (Bertec, EUA) were placed in serial at the middle of the walkway used to measure the ground reaction forces (GRF). The kinematic system (Qualysis, Sweden) was used to measure gait speed in each test condition. The first peak of force (FPF) of the vertical component of the GRF, time to reach to FPF (T_FPF), transient impact peak force (IPF) were evaluated and the weight acceptance rate at 10% to 30%, 30% to 50%, 50% to 70%, 70% to 90% and 10% to 90% of FPF. T_FPF was 1 s shorter (p < 0.0001), as well as IPF and weight acceptance rate at 10% to 30% in barefoot was higher (p < 0.0001, both) than tennis shoes and military boots gait patterns. None statistical difference was found in the others analyzed variables, even as in the tennis shoes and military boots comparisons. The analyzed footwear delayed the FPF impact during gait, reduce the IPF and the weight acceptance phase during 10% to 30% of FPF, being efficient in reduce impact forces during gait