Anclaje de Contenidos Mediante Metodologías Activas y Videos, una Experiencia de Postítulo

El anclaje es el proceso que permite insertar lo nuevo en el entramado de esquemas preexistentes. Posibilita instrumentalizar el contenido en la comunicación. En formación de especialistas, anclamos contenidos con un diagnóstico situacional. El propósito de este ensayo fue, anclar contenidos de masticación y dinámica mandibular en profesionales, estudiantes del programa de especialización en Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile. El programa posee la unidad de rehabilitación en periodonto reducido (un crédito, 5 sesiones). Esta se imparte con diagnóstico situacional y metodologías activas: aula reversa y discusión de grupo pequeño. Los contenidos masticación y dinámicamandibular se anclaron mediante estas metodologías con videos, para estimular la identificación de patrones; contenido anclado es identificado. Se incentivó la reflexión individual y colectiva y se compararon los estudiantes de las promociones 2020 (telemática) y 2022 (presencial). Los estudiantes fueron codificados del 1 al 14. Caracterización de la cohorte 2020: 4 hombres, 4 mujeres; 5.75 años de egreso promedio, 2 U. Desarrollo, 1 U. de Concepción, 2 U. de Talca, 2 U. de Chile y 1 U de los Andes. Caracterización cohorte 2022: 3 mujeres, 3 hombres; 6 años de egreso promedio, 5 U. de Chile y 1 U. de La Frontera. La cohorte 2020 identificó patrones en la segunda sesión, a excepción de los estudiantes 5 y 7 que lo hicieron en la quinta sesión. Durante la reflexión colectiva, predominaron liderazgos transformacionales. De la cohorte 2022, solo el estudiante 14 identificó patrones en la segunda sesión y todos sus compañeros lo hicieron en la quinta sesión. Durante la reflexión colectiva, predominaron liderazgos transaccionales. En educación de profesionales, iguales metodologías, aplicadas telemáticamente o de manera presencial para anclar nuevos contenidos, se vieron influenciadas por los estilos de liderazgos de los estudiantes, que favorecieron o retardaron la identificación de patrones.

Anchoring is the process that allows new information to be inserted into the framework of pre-existing schemes. Allows to instrumentalize the content in communication. In During the training of specialists, we anchor contents with a situational diagnosis. The purpose of this essay was to anchor contents of mastication and mandibular dynamics in professionals, students in the specialization program in Periodontics, of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile. The program has a rehabilitation unit in reduced periodontium (one credit, 5 sessions). This is taught with situational diagnosis and active methodologies: Reverse classroom and small group discussion. The chewing and mandibular dynamics contents were anchored through these methodologies with videos, to stimulate the identification of patterns; pinned content is identified. Individual and collective reflection was encouraged and students from the 2020 (telematic) and 2022 (in-person) classes were compared. Students were coded from 1 to 14. Characterization of the 2020 cohort: 4 men, 4 women; 5.75 years of average graduation, 2 from U. del Desarrollo, 1 U. de Concepción, 2 U. de Talca, 2 U. de Chile and 1 U. de Los Andes. Cohort characterization 2022: 3 women, 3 men; 6 years of average graduation, 5 U. de Chile and 1 U. de La Frontera. The 2020 cohort identified patterns in the second session, except for students 5 and 7 who did so in the fifth session. During the collective reflection, transformational leadership predominated. Of the 2022 cohort, only student 14, was able to identify patterns in the second session, while all of her classmates did so in the fifth session. During the collective reflection, transactional leadership predominated. In teaching professionals, the same methodologies, applied telematically or in person to anchor new content, were influenced by the leadership styles of the students, which favored or delayed the identification of the patterns.

Active surveillance is a feasible and safe strategy in selected patients with papillary thyroid cancer and suspicious cervical lymph nodes detected after thyroidectomy

ABSTRACT Objective: After initial treatment, up to 30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have incomplete response, mainly cervical lymph node (LN) disease. Previous studies have suggested that active surveillance (AS) is a possible option for these patients. Our aim was to report the results of AS in patients with PTC and cervical LN disease. Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational study, we included adult patients treated and followed for PTC, who presented with cervical LN disease and were managed with AS. Growth was defined as an increase ≥ 3mm in either diameter. Results: We included 32 patients: 27 (84.4%) women, age of 39 ± 14 years, all initially treated with total thyroidectomy, and 22 (69%) with therapeutic neck dissection. Cervical LN disease was diagnosed 1 year (0.3-12.6) after initial management, with a diameter of 9.0 mm (6.0-19.0). After a median AS of 4.3 years (0.6-14.1), 4 (12.5%) patients had LN growth: 2 (50%) of whom were surgically removed, 1 (25%) was effectively treated with radiotherapy, and 1 (25%) had a scheduled surgery. Tg increase was the only predictive factor of LN growth evaluated as both the delta Tg (p < 0.0366) and percentage of Tg change (p < 0.0140). None of the included patients died, had local complications due to LN growth or salvage therapy, or developed distant metastases during follow-up. Conclusions: In selected patients with PTC and suspicious cervical LNs diagnosed after initial treatment, AS is a feasible and safe strategy as it allows effective identification and treatment of the minority of patients who progress.

Development of the educational technology called "cola na profe!" for classroom use / Desarrollo de la tecnología educativa llamada "cola na profe!" para ser usa en salones de clase / Desenvolvimento da tecnologia educacional "cola na profe!" para uso em sala de aula

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a teaching resource for use in the classroom, involving smartphones and focused on Nursing students. Method: this is an applied technological production research aimed at teachers and students of undergraduate and postgraduate Nursing courses. The study was structured based on the health product and service design model, which includes briefing, data collection, problem analysis, concept, generation of alternatives, selection of the best alternative, solution refinement, prototype, tests, modifications, and implementation. The project was developed in the second semester of 2022 by four doctoral students, a master's student and two PhDs in Nursing, during the discipline of Technologies and Management in Education and Work in Health and Nursing of the Graduate Program in Nursing at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Results: an educational technology was developed to assists in learning and interactions in the classroom. "Cola na Profe!" was created as a didactic and technological strategy. The objective was to integrate students and encourage their participation and attention in classes through the use of smartphones in the virtual learning environment. Conclusion: the use of the teaching resource "Cola na Profe!" contributes to the teaching-learning process, linking the virtual world to the classroom and contributing to the interaction of those involved, which makes students protagonists of their own learning.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar un recurso didáctico para ser usado en salones de clase, con utilización de smartphones y centrado en estudiantes de Enfermería. Método: investigación aplicada de producción tecnológica dirigida a docentes y estudiantes de la carrera de grado y cursos de postgrado en Enfermería. El estudio se estructuró a partir del modelo de diseño de productos y servicios de salud, que contempla lo siguiente: briefing, sondeo de datos, análisis del problema, concepto, generación de opciones, selección de la mejor opción, refinamiento de la solución, prototipo, pruebas, modificaciones e implementación. El proyecto fue desarrollado en el segundo semestre de 2022 por cuatro estudiantes de Doctorado, un estudiante de Maestría y dos Doctoras en Enfermería, durante la disciplina académica de Tecnologías y Gestión en Educación y Trabajo en Salud y Enfermería de un programa de postgrado en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Resultados: se desarrolló una tecnología educativa que asiste en el aprendizaje y en las interacciones en salones de clase. "Cola na Profe!" se creó como una estrategia didáctica y tecnológica. El objetivo es integrar a los alumnos y estimular su participación y atención en la clase recurriendo al uso de smartphones en el ambiente virtual de aprendizaje. Conclusión: utilizar el recurso didáctico "Cola na Profe!" contribuye al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, vinculando el mundo virtual con el salón de clase y facilitando la interacción de todas las personas involucradas, lo que convierte a los alumnos en los protagonistas de su propio proceso de aprendizaje.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver um recurso didático para uso em sala de aula, envolvendo smartphones e centrado nos estudantes de enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada de produção tecnológica voltada aos docentes e discentes do curso de graduação e pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Estruturou-se o estudo a partir do modelo de projeto de produtos e serviços em saúde, que contempla: briefing, levantamento de dados, análise do problema, conceito, geração de alternativas, seleção da melhor alternativa, refino da solução, protótipo, testes, modificações e implementação. O projeto foi desenvolvido no segundo semestre de 2022, por quatro doutorandas, uma mestranda e duas doutoras em Enfermagem, durante a disciplina de Tecnologias e Gestão na Educação e Trabalho em Saúde e Enfermagem de um programa de pós-graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Resultados: desenvolveu-se uma tecnologia educacional que auxilia na aprendizagem e na interação em sala de aula. O "Cola na Profe!" foi criado como uma estratégia didática e tecnológica. O objetivo é integrar os alunos e estimular a participação e atenção deles em sala, por meio do uso do smartphone no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Conclusão: o uso do recurso didático "Cola na Profe!" contribui com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, vinculando o mundo virtual à sala de aula e contribuindo para a interação dos envolvidos, o que torna o estudante, protagonista do seu aprendizado.

Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Vigilancia activa en cáncer de próstata en un grupo de pacientes asistidos en el Centro Docente Asociado de Oncología Médica Rivera: Cooperativa Médica de Rivera (COMERI) / Active surveillance in prostate cancer in a group of patients assisted at the Rivera Associated Teaching Center for Medical Oncology: Rivera Medical Cooperative (COMERI) / Vigilância ativa do câncer de próstata em um grupo de pacientes atendidos no Rivera Associated Teaching Center for Medical Oncology: Rivera Medical Cooperative (COMERI)

Introducción: En Uruguay el cáncer de próstata ocupa el primer lugar en incidencia y el tercer lugar en mortalidad en el hombre. La mayoría de estos cánceres se diagnostican en estadios precoces. Hoy en día, para pacientes con adenocarcinoma de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, la vigilancia activa es una opción adecuada. Objetivos: Describir una población de pacientes con cáncer de próstata de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, en vigilancia activa en COMERI. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer de próstata de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, tratados entre 2010 y 2018 en COMERI. Se recopilaron datos en el sistema de registro clínico electrónico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes, la mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 74 años. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a controles clínicos y determinación de PSA cada 3 meses. El tacto rectal se realizó en forma anual. El tiempo mediano de vigilancia activa fue de 33 meses. Durante el seguimiento, se observaron pocas variaciones en los valores de PSA. El 21% de los pacientes fue sometido a una nueva biopsia durante el seguimiento activo, y en todos los casos, el Gleason se mantuvo incambiado. Ningún paciente abandonó la modalidad de vigilancia activa. Conclusión: En nuestro entorno, la vigilancia activa se considera una opción terapéutica válida para pacientes altamente seleccionados con cáncer de próstata de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, y es bien aceptada por ellos.

Introduction: In Uruguay, prostate cancer ranks first in incidence and third in mortality among men. The majority of these cancers are diagnosed at early stages. Nowadays, active surveillance is an appropriate option for patients with adenocarcinoma of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk. Objectives: To describe a population of patients with prostate cancer of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk under active surveillance at COMERI. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, observational, retrospective study. Patients with prostate cancer of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk treated between 2010 and 2018 at COMERI were included. Data were collected from the electronic clinical registry system. Results: Thirty-three patients were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 74 years. All patients underwent clinical monitoring and PSA determination every 3 months. Digital rectal examination was performed annually. The median time of active surveillance was 33 months. During follow-up, there were few variations in PSA values. 21% of patients underwent a repeat biopsy during active surveillance, and in all cases, the Gleason score remained unchanged. No patient discontinued active surveillance. Conclusion: In our setting, active surveillance is considered a valid therapeutic option for highly selected patients with prostate cancer of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk, and it is well accepted by them.

Introdução: No Uruguai, o câncer de próstata ocupa o primeiro lugar em incidência e o terceiro lugar em mortalidade entre os homens. A maioria desses cânceres é diagnosticada em estágios precoces. Atualmente, para pacientes com adenocarcinoma de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável, a vigilância ativa é uma opção adequada. Objetivos: Descrever uma população de pacientes com câncer de próstata de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável sob vigilância ativa em COMERI. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes com câncer de próstata de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável, tratados entre 2010 e 2018 em COMERI. Os dados foram coletados no sistema de registro clínico eletrônico. Resultados: Foram incluídos 33 pacientes, com mediana de idade no diagnóstico de 74 anos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a controles clínicos e determinação de PSA a cada 3 meses. O toque retal foi realizado anualmente. O tempo médio de vigilância ativa foi de 33 meses. Durante o acompanhamento, houve poucas variações nos valores de PSA. 21% dos pacientes foram submetidos a uma nova biópsia durante a vigilância ativa, e em todos os casos, o Gleason permaneceu inalterado. Nenhum paciente abandonou a modalidade de vigilância ativa. Conclusão: Em nosso ambiente, a vigilância ativa é considerada uma opção terapêutica válida para pacientes altamente selecionados com câncer de próstata de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável, e é bem aceita por eles.

Aprendizagem baseada em casos clínicos no ensino de genética para medicina / Learning based on clinical cases in the teaching of genetics for medicine

Resumo Introdução: A necessidade premente de formar médicos autônomos e proativos implica novas abordagens didáticas e formas de mediar o conteúdo. Nesse contexto, a utilização de métodos ativos de ensino e aprendizagem pode incrementar o perfil do novo profissional. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Casos (ABC) é uma estratégia fundamentada na capacidade de o estudante relacionar teoria e prática com autonomia e tomada de decisão. A disciplina de genética aborda conteúdos que podem parecer distantes do cotidiano e da prática profissional futura, e, por isso, a necessidade de utilizar estratégias de ensino que facilitem a compreensão da aplicação desse conhecimento na prática médica. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ABC como abordagem pedagógica no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de genética para o curso de Medicina de uma instituição pública. Método: Aplicou-se um protocolo de método ativo composto por nove casos clínicos a 46 estudantes de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília que, posteriormente, foram divididos em nove grupos. Por meio de questionários, avaliaram-se o desempenho e as percepções em relação ao método. Os resultados quantitativos foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student. Resultado: O rendimento do trabalho em grupo foi estatisticamente maior em oito dos nove casos em comparação ao trabalho individual. A atividade foi considerada boa ou muito boa por 76% dos estudantes, e 90% mencionaram que houve aumento da motivação. Além disso, 71,4% destes demonstraram interesse em estudar mais sobre o assunto após a aula, 20% se consideraram capazes de ensinar o assunto a outras pessoas, e 42% avaliaram que acertariam todas ou a maioria das questões caso fossem submetidos a uma nova avaliação. Com relação ao trabalho em equipe, 38% relataram se sentir mais motivados. Por fim, 86% consideraram relevante ou muito relevante a discussão de casos clínicos para a formação profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados demostraram sucesso no uso do método ABC na abordagem de genética, porém apontaram que há dificuldades na utilização de métodos de ensino alternativos à aula expositiva. Apesar disso, fica explícito que a estratégia adotada pode levar à mobilização de conhecimentos prévios em situações da prática profissional.

Abstract Introduction: The pressing need to train autonomous and proactive professionals demands new ways of mediating content. In this context, the use of active teaching and learning methods can improve the profile of the new professional. Case-Based Learning (CBL) is a strategy based on the student's ability to relate theory and practice, with autonomy and decision-making. The discipline of Genetics addresses contents that may seem distant from everyday life and future professional practice, so it is necessary to use teaching strategies that facilitate the understanding of the application of this knowledge in medical practice. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the CBL as a pedagogical approach in the teaching-learning process of Genetics for Medicine courses in a public institution. Methods: An active methodology protocol that consisted of nine clinical cases was applied to 46 medical students from Universidade de Brasília, who were later divided into nine groups. The performance and perceptions regarding the methodology were evaluated by questionnaires. Quantitative results were analyzed using Student's t test. Results: The performance of group work was statistically higher in 8 of 9 cases compared to individual work. Most students considered the activity good or very good (76%), but approximately half reported no increase in motivation. Moreover, 71.4% felt motivated to learn more about the subject after class and 20% considered they were able to teach the subject to others and 42% assessed they would get all or most of the questions correct if they were submitted to a new assessment. Regarding teamwork, 38% reported feeling more motivated. Finally, 86% considered the discussion of clinical cases relevant or very relevant for professional training. Final considerations: The results show, in general, success in the use of CBL on the study of genetic diseases but point out that there are difficulties in the use of alternative teaching methods to the lecture. Despite this, it is clear that learning based on clinical cases can lead to the mobilization of previous knowledge in situations of professional practice.

Assessing the reaction to and efficacy of the Screener drug discovery and development board game as a pedagogical tool in postgraduate courses

Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country.

Pharmacological Effect of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Active Components on Gout： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gout is a metabolic disease closely associated with hyperuricemia and urate deposition. Because of the complex pathogenesis， high morbidity， multiple complications， and increasingly young patients， gout has received worldwide attention. Currently， western medicine mainly treats gout by lowering the uric acid level and reducing inflammation， which， however， causes serious adverse reactions and has contraindications. Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex （PCC） is the dried bark of Phellodendron chinense， with the effects of clearing heat， drying dampness， purging fire， detoxifying， and treating sores. Studies have shown that PCC and its active components have anti-inflammatory， pain-relieving， uric acid-lowering， and anti-gout activities， with extensive sources and high safety. PCC and its active components could prevent and treat gout through multi-targets and multi-pathways， whereas the systematic review remains to be carried out. Therefore， this paper summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of PCC and its active components in the treatment of gout. The available studies have shown that PCC and its active components exert the anti-gout effect by lowering the uric acid level， reducing inflammation， alleviating oxidative stress， and regulationg intestinal flora， and protecting the kidneys. Particularly， the active components represented by alkaloids contribute obviously to the therapeutic effect of of PCC. Herein， we analyzed the problems and future development of the research on PCC， aiming to provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the research and development of new drugs against gout.

Role of Histone Methyltransferase in Fibrosis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Fibrosis， a tumor-like lesion between benign tissue and malignant tumor， mostly occurs in the liver， kidney， heart， lung， bone marrow and other organs and tissues. It can affect almost every organ and eventually induce multiple organ failure and cancers， seriously endangering human life. It will be of great importance to prevent cancer if the disease can be opportunely blocked in the fibrotic stage. The pathogenesis of fibrosis is still not completely clear. It is of great clinical significance to study the occurrence， development， and mechanism of fibrosis as well as to screen new therapeutic targets. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 （EZH2） is mainly located in the nucleus and involved in the formation of the polycomb repressive complex 2. EZH2 is a methyltransferase which makes the lysine on position 27 of histone H3 （H3K27me3） undergo trimethyl modification induces gene silencing through classical or nonclassical actions， so as to inhibit or activate transcription. EZH2 plays a critical role in cell growth， proliferation， differentiation， and apoptosis， which is regulated by different targets and signaling pathways. EZH2 regulates the transformation of myofibroblasts and participates in the fibrosis of multiple organs. Recent studies have shown that EZH2 plays a role in fibrosis-related pathophysiological processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition， oxidative stress， and inflammation. EZH2 as the target of fibrosis， EZH2 inhibitors， and EZH2-related traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formula and active compounds have gradually become hot research directions. EZH2 may be a powerful target for organ fibrosis. Exploring the structure， function， and distribution of EZH2， the role of EZH2 in fibrosis， the EZH2 inhibitors， and TCM formulas and active components targeting EZH2 has great meanings. This paper reviews the research progress in EZH2 and fibrosis， providing new ideas for the diagnosis， treatment， and drug development of fibrosis.

Mechanism and application in tissue engineering of the active ingredient of Drynariae Rhizoma promoting bone defect repair / 中国药房

Bone defect has always been a major clinical challenge because of its great difficulty and long period of treatment. Drynariae Rhizoma is a commonly used medicine in osteology and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine， and its active ingredients（mainly flavonoids） facilitate osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， osteoclast proliferation， vascular-osteogenic coupling， and inhibit osteoclast activity to promote bone mineralization， and repair and reconstruction of bone defect. As a good substitute for bone regeneration drugs， the active constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma can be loaded on scaffold materials of tissue engineering， which greatly improves the bioavailability of the drug. Meanwhile， the sustained-release microspheres also solve some problems such as sudden drug release from the scaffolds， and the composite scaffolds with active ingredient of Drynariae Rhizoma prepared by them have good ossification activity and osteoinduction， with precise bone repair effects， which meet the diverse performance requirements of bone grafts and have a promising clinical application prospect.

Recent advances in lamellar liquid crystal emulsification methods encapsulating natural active substances for functional cosmetics / 药学学报

Due to the high similarity with the lipid layer between human skin keratinocytes, functional cosmetics with layered liquid crystal structure prepared by liquid crystal emulsification technology encapsulating natural active substances have become a hot research topic in recent years. This type of functional cosmetic often has a fresh and natural skin feel, excellent skin barrier repair function and efficient moisturizing effect, etc., showing great potential in cosmetic application. However, the present research on the application of liquid crystal emulsification technology to functional cosmetics is still in the initial stage, and there are fewer relevant reports with reference values. Based on the mentioned above, this review provides a comprehensive summary of functional cosmetics with layered liquid crystal structures prepared by liquid crystal emulsification technology from the following aspects: the structure of human skin, the composition of lamellar liquid crystal, the advantages of liquid crystal emulsification technology containing natural active substances used in the field of functional cosmetics, the preparation process, main components, influencing factors during the preparation and the market functional cosmetics with lamellar liquid crystal structure. Finally, the prospect of the application of liquid crystal emulsification technology in functional cosmetics is presented, to provide useful references for those engaged in the research of liquid crystal emulsification technology-related functional cosmetics.

Mechanism of Aurantii Fructus and Its Active Components in Regulating Gastrointestinal Motility： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gastrointestinal motility disorder is an important cause of digestive system diseases. Patients often suffer from nausea， vomiting， gastric retention， gastroparesis， constipation， and many other symptoms， and their quality of life is seriously reduced. Prokinetic agents are routinely used in clinical practice， but their long-term use is prone to problems such as reduced efficacy and increased adverse reactions. Since the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases has continued to rise globally in recent years， there is an urgent need for clinical development of safe and effective treatment strategies. Aurantii Fructus， a traditional Chinese medicine， has the effect of smoothing Qi and eliminating distention， and it has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. In modern clinical practice， it is mainly used for the treatment and auxiliary treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases such as functional dyspepsia， functional constipation， and irritable bowel syndrome. The efficacy is remarkable， and no adverse reactions have been reported at conventional doses. Therefore， it can greatly improve the symptoms of patients with gastrointestinal diseases and improve their quality of life. Modern research has revealed that there are many active components in Aurantii Fructus， among which flavonoids have the highest content and the most types. Flavonoids are the main active components in Aurantii Fructus to regulate gastrointestinal motility. Aurantii Fructus and its active components can affect gastrointestinal hormones， neural pathways， Cajal mesenchymal cells， and other multiple mechanisms. They can adjust gastrointestinal motility and correct gastrointestinal motility disorders， showing potential application value in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. However， a comprehensive analysis of Aurantii Fructus in this aspect is still lacking. This study summarized the pharmacological activities of active components of Aurantii Fructus extract and its flavonoids， volatile oils， alkaloids， and coumarin on the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and explored the latest research progress on its mechanism. Finally， the adverse reactions of Aurantii Fructus were summarized. It aims to provide a scientific basis for the research and clinical application of Aurantii Fructus and its active components in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility.

Research progress on molecular mechanism of traditional chinese medicine active ingredients interfering bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells senescence / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

The senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) will induce age-related bone tissue degeneration and chronic inflammation, and reduce its application effect for cell therapy. More and more active ingredients of traditional chinese medicine have been proved to intervene BM - MSCs senescence, playing an important role in bone diseases prevention and treatment, and improving the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs. In this paper, the latest research progress on the molecular mechanism of traditional chinese medicine active ingredients interfering BM-MSCs senescence was summarized, in order to provide new direction and reference basis for senescence intervention research and clinical application improvement of BM-MSCs.

Network pharmacology-based study on mechanism of Zhi-Huang-Zhi-Tong powder in rheumatoid arthritis treatment / 中国药理学通报

Aim To discover the potential active compounds and possible mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment with Zhi-Huang-Zhi-Tong powder (ZHZTP) by using network pharmacology and in vitro study. Methods The active ingredient targets and disease targets of Zhihuang Zhitong Powder were searched and screened by database; they intersected to get a common target; and the "drug-component-target" relationship network diagram was constructed for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the overlapping genes; then the core components were docked with the core targets. Finally, based on the inflammation model of HUVECs in vitro, the efficacy and mechanism of Zhihuang Zhitong powder were verified by MTT method, plate scratch test and Western blot. Results Active compounds involved in RA treatment were screened in the present study, and the top two were ursolic acid and emodin, all playing crucial roles in RA treatment with ZHZTP. Additionally, the key target was AKTA, TNF and IL-6. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that ZHZTP regulated BP, MF and CC, and also focused on regulating AKTA, TNF and IL-6 signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that interactions between key active compounds and key targets were stable. In vitro ZHZTP significantly inhibited cell viability and migration of TNF-a-stimulated HUVECs, and the involved mechanism may be associated with PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling. Conclusions The present study reveals that the potential active compounds of ZHZTP are ursolic acid and emodin, and moreover, the involved mechanisms of ZHZTP for RA treatment are associated with PI3 K/AKT/m-TOR signaling.

Active Ingredients of Chinese Medicines Induce Ferroptosis in Tumor Cells： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ferroptosis， a new form of programmed cell death different from apoptosis， necrosis， and autophagy， is closely associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Iron-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species is the main inducement of ferroptosis， the mechanism of which is related to intracellular lipid metabolism， iron metabolism， and antioxidant defense pathways. Multiple signaling axes and regulators jointly regulate the occurrence and disruption of ferroptosis. Studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis regulates the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells can control the growth， metastasis， and multi-drug resistance of tumors. Therefore， the effect and mechanism of ferroptosis on tumor cells have become a hot topic in anti-cancer research. As the research advances， a variety of ferroptosis inducers has been used in the clinical chemotherapy for cancers and demonstrate significant efficacy. Accordingly， the development of ferroptosis-inducing anticancer drugs has become a new research direction for tumor treatment. Some active ingredients such as lycorine， oleanolic acid， dihydroartemisinin， pseudolaric acid B， and ophiopogonin B of Chinese medicines can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells via lipid metabolism， iron metabolism， system Xc-， and GPX4/GSH to regulate the development of tumors， demonstrating a promising prospect in clinical treatment. Based on the theory of the mechanism of ferroptosis， this paper reviews the research progress in ferroptosis induced by active ingredients of Chinese medicines in tumor cells and describes the metabolic regulatory network of ferroptosis from signaling pathways and regulatory factors， providing new strategies for applying active ingredients of Chinese medicines in the treatment of tumors.

Effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic review based on ICD-11 and ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment based on International Classification of Diseases, the 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Thematic keyword searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data, for literature on the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment, published up to November 5th, 2023. Information on authors, countries, publication date, sample characteristics, study designs, intervention methods, measurement tools and outcomes were extracted. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsEight researches from six countries were included, which were all randomized controlled trials involving 356 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The articles were published from 2014 to 2020, with an average of 7.4 of the PEDro scale. Active music therapy was used by singing and playing instruments. Interventions took place in hospitals, nursing homes, and health centers. The intervention duration ranged from mostly 30 to 60 minutes a time, with a few 120 minutes a time. Interventions were implemented mostly one to three times a week, lasting from eight to twelve weeks. Health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of active music therapy on the cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment has been constructed based on ICD-11 and ICF. Active music therapy can improve overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function for older adults with cognitive impairment.

Analysis of current radiation protection and occupational health management in non-medical institutions in Hebei Province, China, 2022 / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the number, distribution, and types of radiation of non-medical radiation institutions in Hebei Province, China, and to explore the current radiation protection in the employing units and occupational health management of radiation workers in 2022. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the non-medical institutions engaged in nuclear technology application in Hebei Province, and different types of employing units were selected to monitor the radioactivity level in the workplace. Results A total of 681 non-medical institutions engaged in radiation technology application completed the survey, covering all cities with subordinate districts in the province, including 1605 radioactive devices, 2960 active devices, 45 non-uranium metal mines, and 14 non-sealed workplaces. A total of 8617 radiation workers were surveyed, with a personal dose monitoring rate of 70.9%, a radiation protection training rate of 61.1%, and an occupational health examination rate for radiation workers of 59.3%. A total of 614 radiation protection monitoring instruments were provided, with a personal protective equipment allocation rate of 51.1% and a personal dose alarm device allocation rate of 51.8%. The radiation occupational hazardous factor testing was completed for 54 workplaces, and the results were all qualified. Conclusion There are still significant deficiencies in personal dose monitoring in the radiation work units in non-medical institutions and occupational health examination in the radiation work units in our province. The health administrative departments should strengthen health supervision and law enforcement, enhance radiation protection and skill training for employers, and more effectively control the impact of radiation hazards on personnel health.

Development of Chinese herbal medicine for sensorineural hearing loss

According to the World Health Organization's world report on hearing, nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide will suffer from hearing loss by 2050, which may contribute to a severe impact on individual life quality and national economies. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs commonly as a result of noise exposure, aging, and ototoxic drugs, and is pathologically characterized by the impairment of mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear, which is mainly triggered by reactive oxygen species accumulation, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Though recent advances have been made in understanding the ability of cochlear repair and regeneration, there are still no effective therapeutic drugs for SNHL. Chinese herbal medicine which is widely distributed and easily accessible in China has demonstrated a unique curative effect against SNHL with higher safety and lower cost compared with Western medicine. Herein we present trends in research for Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of SNHL, and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action, to pave the way for further research and development of novel effective drugs in this field.

Determination and Mechanism Prediction of Potential Active Ingredients in Erdongtang Based on UHPLC-QqQ-MS and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry（UHPLC-QqQ-MS） for determination of the active ingredients in Erdongtang， and to predict the targets and pathways of anti-insulin resistance action of this formula. MethodThe analysis was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 90%-87%A； 3-6 min， 87%-86%A； 6-9 min， 86%-83%A； 9-11 min， 83%-75%A； 11-18 min， 75%-70%A； 18-19 min， 70%-52%A； 19-22 min， 52%A； 22-25 min， 52%-5%A； 25-27 min， 5%-90%A； 27-30 min， 90%A）. The contents of active ingredients in Erdongtang was detected by electrospray ionization（ESI） and multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode under positive and negative ion modes. On this basis， network pharmacology was applied to predict the targets and pathways of Erdongtang exerting anti-insulin resistance effect. ResultThe 20 active ingredients in Erdongtang showed good linear relationships within a certain mass concentration range， and the precision， stability， repeatability and recovery rate were good. The results of determination showed that the ingredients with high content in 15 batches of samples were baicalein（1 259.39-1 635.78 mg·L-1）， baicalin（1 078.37-1 411.52 mg·L-1）， the ingredients with medium content were mangiferin（148.59-217.04 mg·L-1）， timosaponin BⅡ（245.10-604.89 mg·L-1）， quercetin-3-O-glucuronide（89.30-423.26 mg·L-1）， rutin（46.91-1 553.61 mg·L-1）， glycyrrhizic acid（55.97-391.47 mg·L-1）， neomangiferin（37.45-127.03 mg·L-1）， nuciferine（0.89-63.48 mg·L-1）， hyperoside（6.96-136.78 mg·L-1）， liquiritin（30.89-122.78 mg·L-1）， liquiritigenin（26.64-110.67 mg·L-1）， protodioscin（58.57-284.26 mg·L-1）， the ingredients with low content were wogonin（7.16-20.74 mg·L-1）， pseudoprotodioscin（5.49-22.96 mg·L-1）， ginsenoside Rb1（7.31-23.87 mg·L-1）， ginsenoside Rg1（10.78-28.33 mg·L-1）， ginsenoside Re（7.78-24.76 mg·L-1）， ophiopogonin D（2.08-4.29 mg·L-1）， methylophiopogonanone A（0.74-1.67 mg·L-1）. The results of network pharmacology indicated that the mechanism of anti-insulin resistance exerted by Erdongtang might be related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway. ConclusionThe established UHPLC-QqQ-MS has the advantages of simple sample processing， strong exclusivity and high sensitivity， and can simultaneously determine the contents of the main ingredients from seven herbs in Erdongtang， which can lay the foundation for the development of Erdongtang compound preparations. The results of the network pharmacology can provide a reference for the mechanism study of Erdongtang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Quality Control of Chinese Medicines： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In the quality control of Chinese medicine， the detection of active components and toxic and harmful components are two important links. Although conventional methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry can accurately quantify the above substances， they have shortcomings such as complicated operation， high costs， inability of detection at any time， difficult detection of insoluble and macromolecular substances. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） can adsorb antigens or antibodies on the surface of solid carriers and realize qualitative or quantitative analysis of targets by using the specific reactions of antigens and antibodies. This method is praised for the simple operation， high sensitivity， strong specificity， simple requirements for experimental equipment， a wide application range， and low costs. In recent years， ELISA has been widely used in the quality control of Chinese medicine， especially in the content determination of mycotoxins represented by aflatoxin and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active components. ELISA plays an increasingly important role with its unique advantages， providing new methods and ideas for the rapid quality examination of large quantities of Chinese medicines. This paper reviews the research progress in ELISA for the quality control of Chinese medicine in recent years and prospects its technical development and application prospects， aiming to provide reference and research ideas for further using this method to ensure the quality， safety， and controllability of Chinese medicine.