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Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Jinan City, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Data were collected from the reporting system of two sentinel hospitals for active surveillance of foodborne diseases in Jinan City from 2013 to 2021, and pathogens were detected in stool/anal swab samples of the cases. Constituent ratio was used for enumeration data, and χ2 test was used for comparison of detection rates. Results A total of 5,417 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in the two sentinel hospitals in Jinan from 2013 to 2021, and most of them were children aged 0-5 years (48.57%). The high incidence period of foodborne diseases was from May to August (53.72%). The main clinical symptoms were digestive system symptoms. Meat and meat products accounted for the largest number of suspected exposed foods (13.89%), and home-made food was the main exposure source (45.83%). The total detection rate of pathogens was 38.40%, mainly Escherichia coli (24.22%), and the detection rate of norovirus was 17.76%. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria before and after the establishment of Healthy City (χ2=107.22, P <0.001). Conclusion The high-risk population for foodborne diseases is children aged 0 to 5 years old. Summer and fall are the high incidence seasons, with E. coli and norovirus as predominant pathogens. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the monitoring of foodborne diseases in high-risk seasons and infants, improve the food safety awareness of high-risk groups, increase monitoring sentinel hospitals, and expand the coverage. In addition, relevant departments should take corresponding prevention and control measures to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.
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ObjectiveTo characterize the incidence of laboratory confirmed pertussis cases by immunization status in Ninghai County， and to provide evidence for improving pertussis prevention and control strategy in Ninghai County. MethodsData of reported pertussis cases in Ninghai County from 2018 to 2019 were collected through the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. The immunization history of vaccines related to pertussis was collected through the Ningbo Immunization Planning Information Management System and field investigation. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the collected data. ResultsThe respiratory secretions collected in the 64 cases tested positive for nucleic acid of Bordetella pertussis bacilli， of which 56.25% aged 0‒1 year. They were mainly pre-school children. No adolescent or adult case was reported. All cases had whooping cough. Of the cases， 78.13% had an increase in white blood cell count， 62.5% had an increase in lymphocyte percentage， 59.38% had completed three or more doses of pertussis vaccination， 69.39% had a time interval of >1 year between the onset and last dose of pertussis vaccination， and 31.25% reported close contact with pertussis patients before the onset. The misdiagnosis rate of pertussis was as high as 92.19%. In contrast， the prevalence of anti-pertussis IgG antibody in health population was 1.05%. ConclusionFurther improvement in the laboratory testing capacity can help clarify the diagnosis of pertussis. Generally， children aged 0-1 year are mainly affected， of which vast majority have received at least one dose of pertussis vaccination. Clinical symptoms are characterized by whooping cough. Additionally， elevated white blood cells and lymphocytes should be on the alert to pertussis infection.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infectious diarrhea in the active monitoring of foodborne diseases in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases caused by norovirus. Methods Norovirus positive diarrhea cases were collected from sentinel hospitals in 13 districts and cities of Jiangsu Province, and their epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results Atotal of 3 620 norovirus positive cases were detected and isolated from 61 489 samples. The main serotype was GII (71.97%), the onset season was winter and spring, and the onset age was 1-3 years old and 14-34 years old. There was no significant difference in norovirus positive rate between different sexes, and the main symptom was diarrhea (incidence rate was 92.10%), Meat and meat products (20.20%) were the main types of suspected exposed foods. Conclusion Norovirus infection has obvious seasonal characteristics, and the population is generally susceptible. It is high in children and young people, and meat food was the main suspicious exposure food. We should continue to improve the ability of active monitoring, identification, early warning and control of foodborne diseases, so as to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.
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ObjectiveTo further assess the safety of clinical application of Shujin Jianyao pills after marketing and find its potential risk factors as early as possible， to obtain the real world medication situation of Shujin Jianyao pills and its incidence of adverse reactions and clinical characteristics， and to explore the factors affecting the occurrence of adverse drug reactions （ADR）. MethodIn this study， prospective， large-sample， multi-center and intensive whole-hospital monitoring with continuous registration was carried out， combined with telephone follow-up visits 2-4 weeks after the end of medication， for whole treatment course monitoring among patients. In addition， the three-level quality control was strictly implemented in the monitoring process. The study used a proprietary electronic data management system for data management， and SAS 9.4 and R software were used for statistical analysis. ResultFrom May 2018 to July 2020， the study completed the safety monitoring of 3 033 patients taking Shujin Jianyao pills in 30 clinical departments of 25 hospitals in China. A total of 36 ADR cases （49 times） were confirmed by expert assessment on data and supervision quality and expert interpretation of ADR. ConclusionAccording to the World Health Organization （WHO）， the symptoms of adverse reactions were mainly classified into occasional adverse reactions （0.1%≤ADR<1%： abdominal distension， oral ulcer， dry mouth， constipation） and rare adverse reactions （0.01%≤ADR<0.1%： loss of appetite， rash， fatigue， increased ALT， increased creatinine， dizziness， stomachache， stomach distension， liver discomfort， pruritus， dysphoria， acid regurgitation， numbness in mouth， abdominal pain， sore throat， earache， tinnitus）. Moreover， through the synthetic minority oversampling technique （SOMTE） combined with logistic regression， the following factors might affect ADR： taking Shujin Jianyao pills for 1-14 days， aged 46-65， 66-80 and 81 and above as well as combined use of atorvastatin， cobamamide， calcitriol capsules， Gushukang capsules， glucosamine， nifedipine， methylcobalamin， metformin， Tenghuang Jiangu pills， Bugu tablets， and diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets. This study provided a real world basis for the safety and standardized use of Shujin Jianyao pills in clinical practice.
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Objective To explore the feasibility and importance of active monitoring of vancomycin‐related nephrotoxicity .Meth‐ods During July 2010 to July 2013 ,a total of 139 cases of inpatients received vancomycin through intravenous injection were en‐rolled in this study .The adverse drug reaction active monitoring and early warning system were utilized to evaluate patients with vancomycin positive events .Results Among the 139 cases of patients ,there was 9 cases of patients with renal damage .The inci‐dences of compensatory stage of renal insufficiency ,decompensatory stage of renal insufficiency ,renal failure stage and end‐stage re‐nal failure were 44 .44% ,22 .22% ,22 .22% and 11 .11% respectively .The positive warning rates when serum creatinine level was above 133 μmol/L ,increased by 50% compared with the baseline ,increased with 44 μmol/L based on the baseline were 55 .56% , 22 .22% and 22 .22% respectively ,and those positive warning rates in artificial relevance evaluation were 19 .18% ,19 .18% and 56 .54% respectively .Conclusion It is necessary to individualize utilization of vancomycin according to patients′s condition .