Experimental study of Lentinan antagonizes against hepatic lipid deposition induced by sodium arsenite in mice / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Lentinan (LNT) on sodium arsenite (SA)-induced hepatic lipid deposition in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were used as the experimental subjects, which were divided into control group, SA-exposed group, LNT + SA-exposed group and LNT control group. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment, and serum glutathione transaminase (ALT) and glutathione aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A part of liver tissues was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or oil red O to observe the characteristics of liver pathological damage and lipid deposition, and another part of liver tissues was used to detect triglyceride (TG) and Adiponectin (APN) levels by ELISA. Results Compared with control group or LNT control group, SA-exposed group showed the increased levels of AST and ALT, showing the characteristics of liver histopathological damage and lipid deposition, and the APN level decreased while the TG level increased (P<0.05). Compared with SA-exposed group, the levels of AST and ALT decreased in LNT + SA-exposed group, showing the reduced degree of liver tissue damage and lipid deposition, and APN level upregulated while TG level downregulated (P<0.05). Conclusion Chronic SA exposure induces liver function damage, APN downregulation and lipid deposition in C57BL/6 mice, while LNT intervention leads to the significantly improvement of hepatic damage and lipid deposition, which may be related to the elevated APN level in liver.

Treatment of Exercise-induced Fatigue with Buzhong Yiqitang Through Adipor1/AMPK/PGC-1α to Regualte Lipid Metabolism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo discuss the impact of Buzhong Yiqitang on lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of exercise-induced fatigue （EIF） mice through adiponectin receptor 1 （Adipor1）/adenosine 5'-monophosphate（AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α （PGC-1α）. MethodC57BL6J mice were randomly divided into the control group， model group， low， middle， and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqitang， and vitamin C group. No intervention was given to the control group， while the other groups were subjected to exhaustive swimming training to establish the EIF model. One hour before exhaustion， 0.2 mL distilled water was given to the control group and the model group， while the mice in the low， middle， and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqitang were given intragastrically Buzhong Yiqitang of 4.1， 8.2， and 16.4 g·kg-1， respectively， and the vitamin C group was given vitamin C of 0.04 g·kg-1 via gavage for a duration of six weeks. After six weeks of the experiment， the growth rate of body weight， organ index， and exhaustive swimming time were calculated. Enzyme colorimetry was utilized to detect the levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， creatine kinase acid （CK）， lactate dehydrogenase acid （LDH）， and lactic acid （LD）. The pathological changes of skeletal muscle were observed using hematoxylin -eosin （HE） staining， while the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle was observed with transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The contents of free fatty acids （NEFA） and triglyceride acid （TG） in serum were also examined by microplate method. The protein expressions of Adipor1， p-AMPK/AMPK， PGC-1α， and HK2 in the skeletal muscle were measured by Western blot. ResultCompared with those of the control group， the growth rate of body weight and thymus index of the model group were decreased， and the serum levels of BUN， CK， LD， and LDH were increased （P<0.01）. The contents of NEFA and TG were decreased （P<0.01）， and the protein expression of Adipor1， p-AMPK/AMPK， PGC-1 α， and HK2 in the skeletal muscle decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the growth rate of body weight， thymus index， and exhaustive swimming time were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the levels of BUN， CK， LD， and LDH dropped in the high dose group of Buzhong Yiqitang （P<0.01）. The levels of NEFA and TG were greatly improved （P<0.01）. The protein expressions of Adipor1， p-AMPK/AMPK， PGC-1α， and HK2 in the skeletal muscle were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the thymus index and exhaustive swimming time were significantly increased in the vitamin C group， and the levels of BUN， CK， and LD dropped （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of NEFA and TG were improved significantly （P<0.01）， and the protein expression of Adipor1 in skeletal muscle was increased greatly （P<0.01）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang can delay the development of EIF， which may be connected with the regulation of the Adipor1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and the improvement of the utilization rate of skeletal muscle to fat.

Study on the ratio of TNF-α to ADP in patients with depression / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum tumor necrosis fac-tor-α(TNF-α),adiponectin(ADP)and their ratio in patients with depression.Methods A total of 40 patients with depression admitted to Shandong Daizhuang Hospital from January to December 2020 were selected as the observation group,and 26 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.The observation group was treated with oral antidepressants for four weeks,and the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by Hamilton depression scale(HAMD).The levels of serum TNF-α and ADP in the observation group before and after treatment and the control group were detected by ELISA,and the change of TNF-α/ADP was ana-lyzed.Results HAMD scores of the observation group were 25.5(21.0,30.0)before treatment and 2.0(1.0,4.0)after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of TNF-α and TNF-α/ADP in the observation group before treatment were higher than those in the control group,which af-ter treatment were also higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).The level of ADP in the observation group after treatment was lower than that before treatment and in the control group,the differences were sta-tistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of TNF-α/ADP in patients with depression is more ob-vious than TNF-α.

Effect of Bushen Jianpi Recipe in Treating Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Dyslipidemia and Its Effect on Adiponectin / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Bushen Jianpi Recipe(mainly composed of Astragali Radix,Epimedii Folium,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Cervi Cornus Colla,Astragali Complanati Semen,Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata,Polygonati Rhizoma,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma)on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with dyslipidemia and differentiated as spleen-kidney deficiency type,and to observe its effect on the level of adiponectin(ADP).Methods Ninety patients with T2DM complicated with dyslipidemia and differentiated as spleen-kidney deficiency type were randomly divided into western medicine group,Chinese medicine(CM)group,and combination of CM and western medicine group(hereinafter referred to as combination group),and each group had 30 patients.All of the 3 groups were given conventional hypoglycemic treatment.Moreover,the western medicine group was given oral use of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets,CM group was given Bushen Jianpi Recipe,and the combination group was given Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets together with Bushen Jianpi Recipe orally.The course of treatment lasted for 8 weeks.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,glucose and lipid metabolism indexes,fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)and serum ADP levels of the three groups were observed before and after the treatment.After treatment,the efficacy of TCM syndrome of the three groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rates for TCM syndrome efficacy in the western medicine group,CM group,and combination group were 66.67%(20/30),90.00%(27/30),and 93.33%(28/30),respectively.The intergroup comparison showed that the TCM syndrome efficacy of the CM group and the combination group was significantly superior to that of the western medicine group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores in all of the three groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the decreases of the scores in both CM group and combination group was superior to that in the western medicine group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the levels of lipid metabolism parameters of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the three groups were improved to various degrees compared with the pre-treatment levels,of which the levels of TC,TG,and LDL-C were significantly decreased,and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased in comparison with that before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of TC and LDL-C and the increase of HDL-C in the CM group were inferior to those in the western medicine group and the combination group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the levels of glucose metabolism parameters of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),FINS,and HOMA-IR in the CM group and the combination group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while only the levels of FPG,2hPG,and HOMA-IR in the western medicine group were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The intergroup comparison showed that the patients in the decrease of FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,FINS,and HOMA-IR levels in the CM group and the combination group was significantly superior to that in the western medicine group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(5)In terms of adipokines,the serum ADP level in the three groups after treatment was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the increase of serum ADP level in both CM group and combination group was significantly superior to that in the western medicine group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bushen Jianpi Recipe has certain effect on regulating lipid metabolism,and has obvious advantages in improving clinical symptoms and insulin resistance,lowering blood glucose,and increasing ADP level in patients with T2DM complicated with dyslipidemia and differentiated as spleen-kidney deficiency type.

Effects of aerobic exercise on learning and memory functions, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the adiponectin signaling pathway in diabetic rats / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on learning and memory functions, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the ADPN signaling pathway in diabetic rats.Methods:6-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group(NC group)and a high-fat diet group, and a rat model for diabetes was induced by feeding rats in the high-fat diet group with a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal instillation of low-dose streptozotocin(STZ)for 5 weeks.Rats in the high-fat diet group were further divided into a diabetic group(DC group)and a diabetic aerobic exercise group(DM group)after successful establishment of the model.Rats in the DM group were subjected to aerobic exercise for eight weeks and then the Morris water maze test was conducted to assess learning and memory functions, relevant serum markers were measured, Golgi staining was used to examine synaptic changes in the hippocampus, and Western blot was carried out to detect hippocampal protein expression levels of adiponectin(ADPN), AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), glucose transporter 4(GLUT4), synaptic plasticity-related protein synaptophysin(SYN)and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95)for rats in each group.Results:Serum FBG and HBA1c in diabetic rats were markedly significantly decreased after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise( P<0.01), and serum ADPN and insulin were significantly increased after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise( P<0.05).When test results from the three groups of rats compared, the F value was 69.248 for FBG, 6.740 for INS, 7.017 for HBA1C and 14.315 for serum ADPN.The results of the water maze test and hippocampal Golgi staining showed that the escape latency of diabetic rats was highly significantly decreased after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise( P<0.01).The platform crossing times, the number of dendritic branches and the dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA3 region of diabetic rats were significantly increased after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise( P<0.05).When results from the three groups of rats were compared, the F value was 13.934 for escape latency, 5.864 for platform crossing times, 9.307 and 6.734 for the number of dendritic branches and the density of dendritic spine in hippocampal CA3 region.Hippocampal PSD-95, SYN, ADPN, p-AMPK, and GLUT4 protein expression levels of diabetic rats were significantly increased( P<0.05)after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise.When results from the three groups of rats were compared, the F value was 15.137 for SYN, 5.415 for PSD-95, 9.687 for ADPN, 27.761 for GLUT4, and 9.298 for p-AMPK. Conclusions:Eight weeks of aerobic exercise can improve the learning and memory functions of diabetic rats, and the mechanisms may be related to exercise-induced hippocampal ADPN/AMPK/GLUT4 signaling activation in rats, leading to enhanced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.

Effects of Tuina static training on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and adiponectin in obese rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effects and explore the mechanism of Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)static training on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and adiponectin(APN)in obese rats. Methods:Eight of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as a normal group to be fed a common diet.The remaining rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity models and randomly divided into a model group,an aerobic exercise group,and a static training group after successful modeling,with 8 rats in each group.During the entire experiment,rats in the normal group were fed a common diet without intervention.Rats in the model group were fed a high-fat diet without intervention.Rats in the aerobic exercise group were given moderate-intensity running exercises.Rats in the static training group were given 6-day/week static training for 8 weeks.The body mass and length of rats were recorded throughout the experiment,and the Lee's index was calculated.After the intervention,the perirenal and peri-epididymal fat weights of rats were measured,and the fat/body mass ratio was calculated.Four items of blood lipids were detected by biochemical methods[triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)];serum nitric oxide(NO),endothelin-1(ET-1),soluble thrombomodulin(sTM),and APN were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The morphological changes of the aorta in each group were observed under the microscope. Results:Compared with the normal group,the body mass,body length,Lee's index,perirenal fat mass,peri-epididymal fat mass,fat/body mass ratio,TG,TC,LDL,ET-1,and sTM in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the HDL,NO,and APN were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass,Lee's index,perirenal fat mass,peri-epididymal mass,fat/body mass ratio,TC,LDL,ET-1,and sTM in the aerobic exercise group and the static training group were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the HDL,NO,and APN were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the aerobic exercise group,NO in the static training group was significantly higher(P<0.05).APN was positively correlated with NO(P<0.01),while APN was negatively correlated with ET-1 or sTM(P<0.01).Aortic morphological observation showed that the degree of endothelial injury in the aerobic exercise group and the static training group was less significant than that in the model group,and the improvement of endothelial cell morphology in the static training group was more notable than that in the aerobic exercise group. Conclusion:Tuina static training and aerobic exercise improved the aortic endothelial injury in obese rats,and the effect of Tuina static training was more significant.The mechanism of action may be related to regulating lipid metabolism and promoting APN secretion.

Role of adiponectin in fundus neovascularization disease / 中华实验眼科杂志

Fundus neovascularization disease is a series of clinicopathological changes caused by pathological vascular growth of choroid and retina.It is a kind of fundus disease that seriously affects vision.At present, it is believed that the main cause of the disease is the imbalance between the promoters and inhibitors of angiogenesis.Currently widely used drugs against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are still ineffective in many patients with fundus neovascularization.Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous bioactive protein secreted by adipocytes, which has the functions of increasing insulin sensitivity, regulating sugar and lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and inhibiting neovascularization.In recent years, it has been found that APN and its receptors play an important role in fundus neovascularization diseases.Many studies have demonstrated the clinical predictive value of APN gene polymorphism in fundus neovascularization diseases. In vivo and in vitro models have verified the important proportion of APN in the pathological mechanism of chronic inflammation and neovascularization.The mechanism may be that APN inhibits VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration, and maintains normal vascular endothelial cell function .At this point we do not know whether APN is pro or anti angiogenic molecule in eye.Understanding the role of APN and its receptors in fundus neovascularization diseases is expected to provide potential therapeutic targets and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of fundus neovascularization diseases.This article reviews the role of APN and its receptor in fundus retinal neovascularization disease.

Analysis and Correlation between Peripheral Adiponectin and CD4+T Cell Subsets in Patients with Acute Gouty Arthritis / 医学研究杂志

Objective To compare the difference of peripheral blood adiponectin and CD4+T cell subsets between patients with a-cute gouty arthritis and healthy controls,to explore the correlation between adiponectin and serum uric acid,disease activity,CT4+T cell subsets and some cytokines in patients with gout.Methods The clinical data(including general data,neutrophils,erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate,C-reactive protein,blood uric acid,CT4+T cell subsets and some cytokines)of acute gout group(n=90)and healthy con-trol group(n=72)were collected.The level of adiponectin in peripheral blood of two groups were detected,and the differences of adi-ponectin and CD4+T cell subsets between the two groups were compared;the correlation between adiponectin and clinical data was ana-lyzed.Results The levels of serum adiponectin in the acute gout group were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.001),and the levels of Th2,Thl7,Th17/Treg were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.05),while the levels of Treg and Th1/Th2 were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.05).In the acute gout group,adiponectin was negatively correlated with neutrophil,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive proten(r=-0.244,P＜0.05;r=-0.311,P＜0.05;r=-0.506,P＜0.001),there was no correlation with serum uric acid.In acute gout group,adiponectin was posi-tively correlated with Th1 and Th1/Th2(r=0.252,P＜0.05;r=0.218,P＜0.05).In acute gout group,adiponectin in peripheral blood was positively correlated with interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-10(IL-10)(r=0.323,P＜0.05;r=0.377,P＜0.05;r=0.359,P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(r=-0.265,P＜0.05;r=-0.299,P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that adiponectin in the acute gout group was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein,IL-6 and TNF-α(BESR=-12.541,P=0.003;BCRP=-8.256,P=0.024;BIL-6=-15.907,P=0.037;BTNF-α=-79.770,P=0.040),but positively correlated with Th1(BTh1=2.959,P=0.006).Conclusion The levels of adiponectin in the peripheral blood of patients with acute gouty arthritis were decreased,the levels of Th2 and Th17 were increased,and the levels of Treg were decreased.The decrease of adi-ponectin was related to the immunological disorder and inflammation in the patients with acute gouty arthritis.

Adiponectin gene polymorphism and postpartum type 2 diabetes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene polymorphism and postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 236 GDM postpartum women admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from June 2020 to June 2021 as observation subjects. They were divided into a T2DM group and a non T2DM group based on the occurrence of T2DM after delivery. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. The double deoxygenation end termination method was used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ADIPOQ gene, and the four loci rs17366568, rs822395, rs1501299, and rs2241766 were classified. The relationship between ADIPOQ genotype polymorphism and postpartum T2DM was analyzed using a logistic regression model.Results:The G allele carrying the rs2241766 locus in ADIPOQ gene was negatively correlated with the occurrence of T2DM ( OR=0.71, 0.68, P<0.05). Compared with T2DM patients with TT genotype, the GT+ GG genotype at the rs2241766 locus had a lower risk of occurrence for gestational age ≥2 and HbA 1c>85%. Similarly, T2DM patients with pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m 2 were more likely to be carriers of the rs2241766 TT genotype ( P=0.026). The (GT+ TT) genotype carrying the T allele at the rs1501299 locus was a protective factor for gestational age and HbA 1c in T2DM patients. Conclusions:The rs2241766 and rs1501299 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene are associated with susceptibility to postpartum T2DM in GDM women. Individuals with rs2241766 and rs1501299 mutant genotypes belong to the high-risk population for T2DM.

Adiponectin restores the obesity-induced impaired immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stromal cells via glycolytic reprogramming

Obesity has been known to negatively modulate the life-span and immunosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). However, it remains unclear what drives the compromised potency of obese MSC. In this study, we examined the involvement of adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, in obesity-induced impaired therapeutic function of MSC. Diet-induced obesity leads to a decrease in serum adiponectin, accompanied by impairment of survival and immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived MSC (ADSC). Interestingly, priming with globular adiponectin (gAcrp) improved the immunomodulatory potential of obese ADSC. Similar effects were also observed in lean ADSC. In addition, gAcrp potentiated the therapeutic effectiveness of ADSC in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, while obesity inhibited the glycolytic capacity of MSC, gAcrp treatment induced a metabolic shift toward glycolysis through activation of adiponectin receptor type 1/p38 MAPK/hypoxia inducible factor-1α axis. These findings suggest that activation of adiponectin signaling is a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSC against immune-mediated disorders.

Association between plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio and insulin resistance indexes in prepubertal children

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the association between leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) and insulin resistance surrogates in prepubertal children. Subjects and methods: Study based on data from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS) involving 968 Chilean prepubertal children. Plasma insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined by immunoassays. Several common insulin resistance surrogates were calculated, including the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride/HDL cholesterol index, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and the TyG index corrected for body mass index (BMI; TyG-BMI) and waist circumference (WC; TyG-WC). Associations among variables were assessed using multiple linear and logistic regression analysis. Results: There was a significant direct association between plasma leptin and LAR with BMI z-score but no association between plasma adiponectin and adiposity. After adjustments for sex and age, LAR was significantly associated with all insulin resistance surrogates (which were categorized using the 75th percentile as the cutoff point), with the TyG-WC index emerging as the surrogate with the highest magnitude of association (odds ratio [OR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-2.9). After additional adjustment for BMI z-score, only the association between LAR and TyG-WC remained significant (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.27-2.12). Conclusion: Plasma leptin and LAR were strongly associated with several common insulin resistance surrogates in prepubertal children, most notably with the TyG-WC index. Associations between LAR and insulin resistance indexes were mainly driven by the effect of plasma leptin, which is also directly associated with increased adiposity.

Serum adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ levels in obese patients with and without prediabetes

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent global health problem, which is generally caused by the increase in body fat mass above normal and observed in all societies. If the blood glucose level is higher than normal but not high enough to diagnose diabetes, this condition is defined as prediabetes. Adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity and is closely associated with obesity. One of the nuclear receptor superfamily member peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors is shown to have an important role in various metabolic reactions. This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma parameters, which are closely related to adipose tissue, energy metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, in obese patients with and without prediabetes. METHODS: For this purpose, 52 obese patients with prediabetes, 48 obese patients with non-prediabetes, and 76 healthy individuals were included in this study. Serum adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ levels were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in obese patients with prediabetes (18.15±15.99) compared with the control group (15.17±15.67; p=0.42). No significant difference was observed in both adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ levels in the obese patients with the non-prediabetes group compared with the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in the obese patients with prediabetes group and obese patients with non-prediabetes group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adiponectin may serve as an indicator of prediabetes. This implies that examining adiponectin levels in individuals diagnosed with prediabetes may enhance our understanding of the metabolic processes closely linked to prediabetes and related conditions.

Adiponectin serum levels and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) polymorphism in alopecia areata Egyptian patients

Abstract Background Alopecia Areata (AA) is an acquired autoimmune form of non-scarring hair loss. Adiponectin and its gene polymorphism were related to many autoimmune disorders. Objective Assessment of adiponectin serum levels and adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) (rs2241766) Single Nucleoid Polymorphism (SNP) in AA patients and correlating the results with the disease severity in those patients. Methods This study included 75 AA patients and 75 age and gender-matched healthy subjects (controls). The severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score assessment to evaluate AA severity was done. Adiponectin serum levels by ELISA and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) SNP using PCR were performed. Results Adiponectin serum levels were significantly lower in AA patients than controls (p = 0.001). ADIPOQ (rs2241766) TG genotype and G allele were significantly predominant in AA patients increasing its risk by 5 and 4 folds (OR = 5.17, p = 0.001), (OR = 3.82, p = 0.001) respectively. Serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with SALT score (r = -0.435, p = 0.001) and associated with alopecia totalis (p = 0.016). ADIPOQ (rs2241766) TG genotype was significantly associated with low serum adiponectin levels and higher SALT score (p = 0.001). Study limitations The small sample size. Conclusions ADIPOQ (rs2241766) gene polymorphism (TG genotype and G allele) may modulate AA risk and contribute to the development of AA in Egyptian populations. Decreased circulating adiponectin levels may have a dynamic role in AA etiopathogenesis. Adiponectin serum concentration can be considered a severity marker of hair loss in AA.

Status de expressão do receptor de leptina e adiponectina no carcinoma colorretal: A cross-estudo prospectivo seccional / Correlation of leptin and adiponectin receptor expression with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinoma - a cross-sectional prospective study

ABSTRACT Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the common carcinomas with a rising incidence of metastasis due to its advanced stage of presentation. The existing biomarkers such as CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) etc., for prognosis, have low sensitivity and specificity. Hence a need for a newer definitive biomarker. Obesity is the leading cause of CRC. Leptin and adiponectin secreted by adipose tissue have been studied as potential biomarkers in the field of CRC. The present study helps to understand the association of leptin and adiponectin receptors with clinicopathological parameters. Objective: To correlate the various clinicopathological parameters with the tissue expression of leptin and adiponectin receptors in CRC. Methods: It is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Formalin fixed paraffin blocks of all radical resection CRC cases were collected and immunohistochemistry (IHC)was carried out on tumor tissue for leptin and adiponectin receptor. Tumor characteristics and clinical parameters were collected from the hospital medical records. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used. Results: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 60 cases of CRC. Significant positive correlation of leptin was observed with size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, and grade of tumor (P<0.05). A significant correlation between adiponectin receptor and CRC was observed concerning age, stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and grade of tumor. Conclusion: Positive expression of leptin and negative expression of adiponectin receptors in CRC helps to predict the risk of metastasis.

RESUMO Contexto: O carcinoma colorretal (CCR) é um dos carcinomas comuns com incidência crescente de metástases devido ao seu estágio avançado de apresentação. Os biomarcadores existentes como CEA (antígeno carcinoembrionário) etc., para prognóstico, apresentam baixa sensibilidade e especificidade. Daí a necessidade de um biomarcador definitivo mais recente. A obesidade é a principal causa do CCR. A leptina e a adiponectina secretadas pelo tecido adiposo têm sido estudadas como potenciais biomarcadores na área do CCR. O presente estudo ajuda a compreender a associação dos receptores de leptina e adiponectina com parâmetros clinicopatológicos. Objetivo: Correlacionar os diversos parâmetros clinicopatológicos com a expressão tecidual dos receptores de leptina e adiponectina no CCR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, prospectivo, realizado em um hospital terciário. Blocos de parafina fixados em formalina de todos os casos de CCR de ressecção radical foram coletados e a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi realizada no tecido tumoral para receptor de leptina e adiponectina. As características do tumor e os parâmetros clínicos foram coletados dos prontuários médicos do hospital. Foi utilizado o teste do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A imunohistoquímica foi realizada em 60 casos de CCR. Correlação positiva significativa da leptina foi observada com tamanho e metástase linfonodal, estágio avançado e grau do tumor (P<0,01). Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre o receptor de adiponectina e o CCR em relação à idade, estágio, metástase linfonodal, metástase à distância e grau do tumor. Conclusão: A expressão positiva de leptina e a expressão negativa de receptores de adiponectina no CCR ajudam a prever o risco de metástase.

Serum levels and gestational curve of adiponectin and leptin during adolescent pregnancy

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a curve of weekly serum levels of adiponectin and leptin among pregnant adolescents. In addition, pregestational body mass index and weight gain were assessed and correlated with the serum concentration of these molecules. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study, including only pregnant adolescents with eutrophic pre-gestational body mass index who were weekly followed during the evolution of gestation. The serum concentrations of adipokines were determined using commercial ELISA kits and were correlated to pre-gestational body mass index and pregnancy weight gain. A total of 157 pregnant women participated in this study. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease among the trimesters (p=0.0004). However, we did not observe significant differences among its levels when compared weekly, neither of which was between adiponectin concentration and pre-gestational body mass index or weight gain (p=0.36 and p=0.10, respectively). In contrast, we detected a significant increase in weekly serum leptin levels (p<0.0001), positively correlated to both pre-gestational body mass index and weight gain (p=0.003 and p=0.0007, respectively). CONCLUSION: These adipokines present a different profile throughout adolescent pregnancy.

Advances in the risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of liver cirrhosis with osteoporosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Osteoporosis is a common extrahepatic complication of liver cirrhosis, and it not only increases the economic burden of patients, but also brings adverse effects on their quality of life and prognosis. Recent studies have shown that sarcopenia, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, and inflammatory factors are involved in the development of osteoporosis in patients with liver cirrhosis, and commonly used anti-osteoporosis drugs include calcium supplement, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates. This article reviews the advances in the risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of liver cirrhosis with osteoporosis and points out that there are still controversies over the influence of some factors on osteoporosis, and further studies are needed to explore related pathogeneses and safe and effective treatment regimens.

The role of adiponectin in type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes, has emerged as a potential treatment agent for type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin plays a variety of physiological roles in regulating glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and bone metabolism by binding to its receptors expressed on a variety of cells and tissues. Numerous studies have confirmed the strong association of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis. Adiponectin can improve systemic insulin resistance by increasing insulin sensitivity and promoting insulin secretion. It improves the periodontal inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and promoting M2-type polarization of macrophages. In addition, adiponectin inhibits osteoclast differentiation and maturation through various pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κ, and promotes osteoblast differentiation to regulate bone metabolism, thus improving periodontal bone resorption and destruction. Therefore, adiponectin is expected to become a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis. Due to the physiological characteristics of adiponectin, its clinical application has been somewhat limited. This article reviews the latest research progress on adiponectin in type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis, aiming to elucidate the possible effects of adiponectin on type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis in terms of glycemic control, anti-inflammation and bone metabolism and to provide some opinions on the treatment of this disease and the development of relevant drugs.

Efficacy of preoperative intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with 25G+ pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 25G+ pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: The clinical data of 154 patients(176 eyes)with PDR admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected for retrospective analysis. According to the treatment methods, 80 patients(92 eyes)in combined treatment group were treated with preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 25G+PPV, and 74 patients(84 eyes)in control group were given 25G+PPV only. The postoperative clinical efficacy and levels of adipokines [adiponectin(APN), retinol binding protein 4(RBP4)] before and after surgery were compared between both groups of patients.RESULTS: The combined treatment group showed better clinical efficacy than the control group at 1mo after surgery(P&#x003C;0.05). Both groups had lower RBP4 levels at 3mo after surgery(P&#x003C;0.05), with the combined treatment group showing a lower level than the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). Serum APN levels significantly increased in both groups after surgery(P&#x003C;0.05), with the combined treatment group having a higher level than the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). The combined treatment group had lower incidence rates of retinal proliferation and postoperative complications after than the control group 3mo of follow-up(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 25G+PPV is beneficial in improving the therapeutic effect of PDR and reducing the incidence rates of complications, which may be related to the regulations of the expressions of adipokines.

New insights into effects of Kaixin Powder on depression via lipid metabolism related adiponectin signaling pathway / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#To clarify the anti-depressive potential mechanisms of Kaixin Powder (KP), a drug that helps to prevent and treat depression and other mentaldiseases, from genome-wide transcriptome profiling.@*METHODS@#Transcriptome and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted on the hippocampus of depressed rats, then the differentially expressed genes were validated and serum concentration of lipid parameters were identified by enzymatic assays. Furthermore, high-fat diets induced depression-like behaviors in Syrian golden hamsters were conducted to verify the predicted molecular mechanisms acquired from the transcriptome analysis.@*RESULTS@#Transcriptome results revealed that the 24 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chronic mild stress (CMS) rats could be reversed after two weeks of KP treatment. The mechanisms of KP in treating depression firstly involved the regulation of several pathology modules, including lipid metabolism, synapse function and inflammation. KP could regulate imbalances of lipid homeostasis in high-fat diet induced depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it was validated that cholesterol metabolism dysfunction can be ameliorated by KP, which was correlated with upregulation of the AdipoR1-BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) co-regulatory pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#Taken together, our results demonstrated that KP not only alleviates depression via traditional mental illness targets, but it may also simulates the cholesterol metabolism and adiponectin signaling with multi-target characteristics.

Expression of adiponectin receptor T-cadherin in acute myocardial infarction and its association with acute inflammatory reaction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To study the expression of adiponectin receptor T-cadherin in ISO-induced rat myocardial infarction model and its association with acute inflammatory reaction.Methods:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the myocardial infarction model group and the control group, with 12 rats in each group. After normal electrocardiogram recording, rats in the myocardial infarction model group were injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (ISO) 150 mg·kg -1·d -1 for 2 consecutive days. The control group was subcutaneously injected with the same amount of normal saline for 2 consecutive days. Electrocardiogram was recorded 24 h after the second subcutaneous injection of ISO. After the success of the model, the rats were sacrificed, the heart tissue was stained with HE, and the protein expression of T-cadherin in the myocardium was detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of adiponectin, T-cadherin, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hS-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum were detected by ELISA. Results:Immunohistochemical results showed that the protein expression of T-cadherin decreased in the myocardial infarction model group [(0.1567±0.0061) vs. (0.1228±0.0027)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). ELISA showed that serum adiponectin (ng/mL) content in the myocardial infarction model group was significantly decreased [(7.016±0.7236) vs. (1.883±0.2240)], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Serum T-cadherin (ng/mL) [(6.075±0.8149) vs. (14.610±1.583)], serum TNF-α (pg/mL) [(1860±95.96) vs. (3141±92.5)] and serum hs-CRP (ng/mL) [(20.93±1.079) vs. (30.49±1.742)] in the myocardial infarction model group were significantly increased, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01). Serum T-cadherin was negatively correlated with serum adiponectin, and serum T-cadherin was positively correlated with inflammatory factors (TNF-α and hs-CRP), while serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with inflammatory factors (TNF-α and hs-CRP). Conclusions:T-cadherin is involved in the inflammatory response of acute myocardial infarction, which may be an important molecular marker of acute myocardial injury and play an important role in the disease early warning.