Funcionamiento de las redes atencionales en la adultez joven y el nivel de educación / Functioning of attentional networks in young adulthood and level of education

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue observar el efecto de las variables nivel de estudios y adultez joven en la tarea de redes atencionales. Para ello, participaron 58 personas de población general separados en grupos de estudiantes y no estudiantes, y en adultez emergente y temprana, con los cuales se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental, utilizando como paradigma principal la tarea de redes atencionales. Los resultados mostraron que los grupos de estudiantes y no estudiantes no difirieron en rendimiento en ninguna de las condiciones de las redes, pero que, en cuanto a la variable adultez joven, hubo un efecto de interacción entre el tipo de adultez y la red de orientación, siendo el grupo adulto emergente más rápido que el grupo adulto temprano. Además, un análisis correlacional demostró que la edad correlacionó moderada y positivamente con el tiempo de reacción de todas las condiciones de la tarea atencional. Al final se discute la importancia del nivel de educación superior y la adultez joven sobre el funcionamiento de las redes atencionales en el campo de la psicología diferencial, y se mencionan las implicaciones de estos resultados en el ámbito clínico.

Abstract The aim of this study was to observe the effect of the variables educational level and young adulthood on the attentional networks task. Fifty-eight people from the general population were divided into groups of students and non-students, and in emerging and early adulthood, with whom an experimental design was carried out, using the Attentional Networks task as the main paradigm. The results showed that the student and non-student groups did not differ in performance in any of the network conditions, but regarding the young adulthood variable, there was an interaction effect between the type of adulthood and the orienting network, with the emerging adult group being faster than the early adult group. In addition, a correlational analysis showed that age was moderately and positively correlated with reaction time for all attentional task conditions. In the end, the importance of higher education level and young adulthood on the functioning of attentional networks in the field of differential psychology is discussed, and the implications of these results in the clinical setting are mentioned.

Age- and athletic event-related differences in trunk muscularity in junior athletes: A comparison with the results for the senior athletes / 体力科学

<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the age- and athletic event-related differences in trunk muscularity among junior and senior athletes. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the rectus abdominis, lateral abdominal muscle group, psoas major and erector spinae were determined on magnetic resonance imaging for 188 junior athletes aged 12-18 years and 164 senior athletes aged ≥ 19 years in six different athletic events (male: archery, table tennis, Nordic combined, basketball, and wrestling; female: archery, table tennis, and gymnastics). To examine the age-related differences for each athletic event and sex, the subjects were classified into the following age groups: 12-15 years, 16-18 years and senior (≥ 19 years). The main results were as follows. 1) The magnitude relationships of trunk muscle CSA/height² differed among the age groups by athletic event and muscle. 2) The values of CSA/height² of the lateral abdominal muscle group and erector spinae were significantly larger in female gymnasts aged 12-15 years than in female athletes from the other athletic events. These results respectively indicated that 1) each trunk muscle has the potential to specifically develop according to the athletic events and 2) selective hypertrophy of the trunk muscles can be induced by training reflecting athletic event-specific characteristics in female junior high school athletes.</p>