Indicadores de qualidade do solo cultivado com café, pastagem e integração pastagem e eucalipto / Quality indicators of soil cultivated with coffee, pasture, and pasture and eucalyptus integration / Indicadores de calidad del suelo cultivado con café, pastaje e integración pastaje y eucalipto

A demanda crescente da utilização dos solos exige soluções que permitam incentivar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sem comprometer a sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes culturas como café, pastagem e manejo integrado de pastagem e eucalipto na qualidade química e microbiológica do solo. Foram analisados da parte química o pH do solo, nitrogênio, carbono orgânico total e fósforo do solo e da parte microbiológica foram analisados a densidade de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal do solo e coeficiente metabólico do solo qCO2. O pH do solo variou de 5,38 no manejo de pasto e eucalipto para 4,70 nas áreas cultivadas com pasto. A densidades de esporos de FMAs e o CBM na área de integração de pasto e eucalipto foram aumentados em relação à área cultivada com café, e o qCO2 foi aumentado com o cultivo do café, indicando que o cultivo de café eleva a condição de estresse do solo nas condições avaliadas. Concluindo, portanto, que as diferentes formas de uso e manejo das três áreas estudadas apontaram variações do comportamento de suas propriedades químicas e microbiológicas, entretanto, o manejo que se destacou foi a de eucalipto com a integração de pastagens, sendo mais sustentável.(AU)

The increasing demand for land use requires solutions that encourage its socio-economic development without compromising the sustainability of natural resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different crops such as coffee, pasture and the integrated management of pasture and eucalyptus in the chemical and microbiological quality of the soil. Chemical tests were performed to obtain the pH, nitrogen, total organic carbon, and phosphorus contents on the land, while microbiological parameters analyzed the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR) and soil metabolic coefficient qCO2. The soil pH varied from 5.38 in the management of pasture and eucalyptus to 4.70 in the areas cultivated with only pasture. The density of AMF spores and the MBC were higher in the pasture and eucalyptus integration when compared with coffee cultivation; the qCO2 in soil with coffee was higher than that found for the integration of pasture and eucalyptus. Those results indicate that coffee cultivated in those conditions increase stress in the soil due to higher SBR. It can be concluded that the different forms of use and management of the three studied areas show variations in the behavior of the chemical and microbiological properties in the soil, and eucalyptus with pasture integration presents a better sustainable soil management.(AU)

La demanda creciente de utilización del suelo exige soluciones que permitan incentivar el desarrollo socioeconómico sin comprometer la sustentabilidad de los recursos naturales. Así, el objetivo de ese estudio ha sido evaluar los efectos de diferentes culturas como café, pastaje y manejo integrado de pastaje y eucalipto en la calidad química y microbiológica del suelo. Se analizaron de la parte química, el pH del suelo, nitrógeno, carbono orgánico total y fosforo del suelo, y de la parte microbiológica se analizaron la densidad de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono de la biomasa microbiana (CBM), respiración basal del suelo y coeficiente metabólico del suelo qCO2. El pH del suelo osciló de 5,38 en el manejo de pasto y eucalipto para 4,70 las áreas cultivadas con pasto. La densidad de esporos de FMAs y el CBM en el área de integración de pasto y eucalipto han aumentado en relación al área cultivada con café, y el qCO2 fue aumentado con el cultivo de café, indicando que el cultivo de café eleva la condición de estrés del suelo en las condiciones evaluadas. Concluyendo, por lo tanto, que las diferentes formas de uso y manejo de las tres áreas estudiadas, apuntaron variaciones de comportamiento de sus propiedades químicas y microbiológicas, entretanto el manejo que se destacó fue la del eucalipto con la integración de pastajes, siendo más sostenible.(AU)

Characterization of the biomass of a hybrid anaerobic reactor (HAR) with two types of support material during the treatment of the coffee wastewater

This study investigated the microbiology of a hybrid anaerobic reactor (HAR) in the removal of pollutant loads. This reactor had the same physical structure of an UASB reactor, however with minifilters inside containing two types of support material: expanded clay and gravel. Two hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 24h and 18h were evaluated at steady-state conditions, resulting in organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.032 and 0.018 kgDBO5m-3d-1 and biological organic loading rates (BOLR) of 0,0015 and 0.001 kgDBO5kgSVT- 1d¹, respectively. The decrease in concentration of organic matter in the influent resulted an endogenous state of the biomass in the reactor. The expanded clay was the best support material for biofilm attachment.

Strengthen the Basis Teaching, Stretch the Application Teaching,and Construct New Microbiology Curriculum System in Agricultural Universities / 微生物学通报

Agricultural Microbiology is a professional foundation curriculum for biology,botany and envi-ronmental majors in agricultural universities.After 1999,with the increase enrollment of the national under-graduate education and rapid construction of the university,the number of majors and students increased rapidly and quality of students and talent demand of society changed dramatically.Under such condition,in order to meet the society demand of microbiology,according to the distinguishing feature of different major groups,based on strengthening the basis teaching and stretching application teaching,new curriculum teaching model and method were explored positively,and then new curriculum system was constructed.Be-ing aroused sufficiently of the students’ subjective initiative,both the teaching quality and comprehensive quality were improved.

The Realization of Agricultural Microbiology Teaching BBS Based on Campus Network / 微生物学通报

The importance and feasibility was analyzed of the teaching BBS for aiding classroom teaching based on campus network. The design, technique, content, advantages and deficiencies were presented of agricultural microbiology teaching BBS. The prospect also was discussed of teaching BBS based on campus network in this paper.