Mediação remota das afecções do corpo: reflexões sobre virtualidade e corporeidade / The remote mediation of body affections: reflections on virtuality and corporeity / La mediación a distancia de los afectos del cuerpo: reflexiones sobre la virtualidad y la corporeidad

Este ensaio teórico se propõe a pensar o corpo sob a ótica da pluralidade e das afecções, para compreender como o trabalho da psicologia na modalidade remota atinge a corporeidade e a sua potência de existir. Tais questões foram evocadas num Grupo de Escuta e Acolhimento na modalidade remota. O olhar teórico parte da concepção espinosana das afecções, articulada com a noção de cuidado de si. A solidão relatada nos grupos foi tomada como analisador para refletir sobre o enfraquecimento da produção do encontro. Isso nos levou a pensar os impactos da perda do corpo na presença on-line, a (im)possibilidade do encontro com a diferença e sobre o papel da virtualidade na atualidade do modelo econômico liberal aplicado à psicologia. É necessário considerar as possibilidades de atuação e mediação que não se abstenham perante as demandas da atualidade, mas que reconheçam também os perigos dos aparelhos de captura. (AU)

This theoretical study proposes to think about the body from the plurality and the affections' perspectives, in an attempt to understand how the psychology works, on the virtual modality, reaches corporeity and the expansion of its power to exist. These questions were raised from a Group for Listening and Welcoming Services o the virtual modality. The theoretical perspective starts from Spinoza's conception of the affections, articulated with the notion of self-care. The loneliness reported on the group was our analyzer, in an attempt to reflect about the encounter's weakening. This led us to reflect about the impacts of the body's loss on the online presence, the (im)possibility of encountering the difference and the role of virtuality in the liberal economic model applied to psychology. It is necessary to cover the possibilities of action that do not abstain from present time demands, but also to recognize the dangers of capture devices. (AU)

Este ensayo teórico propone pensar el cuerpo desde la perspectiva de las afecciones, intentando comprender cómo el trabajo de la psicología en la modalidad a distancia alcanza la corporeidad y su potencia de existir. Tales interrogantes surgieron en la experiencia de un Grupo de Escucha y Acogida en la modalidad a distancia. Orientó el trabajo la concepción Spinozista de los afectos, articulada con la noción de cuidado de sí. La soledad relatada en los grupos fue el analizador para reflexionar sobre la producción del encuentro y nos llevó a pensar en los impactos de la pérdida del cuerpo en la presencia online, la (im)posibilidad de encontrar la diferencia y a reflexionamos sobre la virtualidad en el modelo económico liberal aplicado a la psicología. Es necesario abarcar las posibilidades de acción que no se abstengan de las exigencias de hoy, pero que también reconozcan los peligros de los dispositivos de captura. (AU)

Intervention model for detection, prevention and control of COVID-19 in community pharmacy

Abstract The announcement by the WHO of the characterization of the new Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic, entails an adaptation by the community pharmacy in carrying out its care activity in general, with particular emphasis on "Minor Ailments Service" in particular. The measures taken by the different health administrations in which patient telephone care by primary care offices is prioritized have left more consultations on symptoms in the community pharmacist health-related problems as pharmacies are the closest health facilities to the patient. The similarity between the symptomatology caused by the new Coronavirus with that of some Enteroviruses that cause mild respiratory and gastrointestinal tables (dry cough, fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc.) makes community pharmacies highly capable places for contagion detection and prevention. A model of protocolized intervention is needed to facilitate the pharmacist's work in discriminating during the indication between minor symptoms and symptoms of referral for possible cases of COVID-19 so that in conjunction with the rest of the staff we help control the disease and make better use of primary care consultations.

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GARLIC

Garlic or Lashun is the member Liliaceae family, is use as spice in food cooking as well as medicine to treat various ailments. Garlic is also acting as a flavoring agent for the cooking, and however it has also been used as a drug from very ancient and modern times in all over the world, it is used to inhibit and cure the vast range of ailments and disorders. Allicin found in the garlic is the chemically active substance of fresh garlic extract, possess the capacity of readily permeable through phospholipid membranes which contributes to its possible pharmacological activity and also contain sulfur compounds, which are believed to bring some of the health benefits. Currently, garlic is broadly used for different diseases related with the systemic circulation and heart, which includes atherosclerosis, HDL, LDL & heart attack, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. Garlic is also reported to treat the lung cancer, and various other cancers such as colon cancer& skin diseases too, it also has hypolipidemic, immunomodulator, aphrodisiac, & Antifungal actions. This article reviews the importance of garlic (Allium sativum), and, their active constituents to show whether or not can be further used as potential natural sources for the development of any novel drug formulations.

Traditional practices of the ethnoveterinary plants in the Kaghan Valley, Western Himalayas-Pakistan / Prácticas tradicionales etnoveterinarias de las plantas en el valle de Kaghan, Himalaya occidental Pakistán

Introduction: Indigenous people in a far-flung mountainous area without basic facilities, mainly rely on medicinal plants to cope with various veterinary health problems. Objective: The present study was carried out to explore the traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary practices in Kaghan Valley, district Mansehra, Western Himalayas-Pakistan. Method: Ethnoveterinary data were collected between February to October 2014 from nine villages of the Kaghan Valley by involving 80 local people include traditional healers using a semi-structured interview. Results: A sum of 41 plant taxa of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants was documented for treating livestock ailments. Out of which, herbaceous plants were recorded with high percentage (27 species, 65.8 %). Most of the species were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases (12 taxa), followed by health improvement (7 taxa). The widely used part of plants for livestock aliments was the whole plant (9 species) followed by leaves (7 species), and preparation were paste (18 species) followed by powder with 10 species. The highest used values were recorded for Arisaema costatum (0.82), Primula denticulata (0.76), and high relative frequency citations for Berberis lyceum and Dryopteris ramosa with 0.37 each. Among the plant species Skimmia laureola, Thymus linearis and Phytolacca latbenia were among the taxa with cent fidelity level. Conclusion: The flora used in traditional remedies of the valley was found mostly endemic due to excessive utilization. Thus, further chemical investigation, better utilization and conservation of indigenous use of the reported species should be considered for future work.

Introducción: Los pueblos indígenas de zonas montañosas lejanas sin facilidades básicas dependen principalmente de las plantas medicinales para afrontar problemas de salud de tipo veterinario. Objetivo: Explorar el conocimiento tradicional en las prácticas etnoveterinarias en el valle de Kaghan, distrito de Mansehra, Himalaya occidental-Pakistán. Métodos: Se recopilaron datos etnoveterinarios mediante una entrevista semiestructurada entre febrero y octubre de 2014 en nueve aldeas del valle de Kaghan, con la participación de 80 habitantes locales, incluidos curanderos tradicionales. Resultados: Se documentó un total de 41 taxones de plantas medicinales etnoveterinarias para el tratamiento de enfermedades del ganado. Se registró un alto porcentaje de plantas herbáceas (27 especies, 65.8 %). La mayoría de las especies utilizadas han sido para tratar enfermedades gastrointestinales (12 taxones), y mejora de la salud (7 taxones). Para el tratamiento de enfermedades del ganado, lo más usual fue utilizar la planta entera (9 especies), seguida de las hojas (7 especies), con preparación en pasta (18 especies) y en polvo (10 especies). Las especies registradas con más uso fueron: Arisaema costatum (0.82), Primula denticulata (0.76) y Berberis lyceum y Dryopteris ramosa con la misma alta frecuencia relativa (0.37 cada una). Las especies Skimmia laureola, Thymus linearis y Phytolacca latbenia se reportaron entre los taxones con mayor nivel de fidelidad porcentual. Conclusión: La flora utilizada en los remedios tradicionales del valle de Kaghan fue mayoritariamente endémica. Se propone para trabajos futuros mayor investigación química, y mayor utilización y conservación en las especies de plantas reportadas por los indígenas.

Retrospective Inspection and Dissemination Pattern of Common Metabolic Ailments among Hilly and Tarai Region Goats of Uttarakhand

Goats are considered as an important animal not in present scenario but also from ancient time. Due to increasing frugal interest of goat farming globally, profound animal husbandry practices are attaining importance under the target of obtaining quality products along with good animal health and welfare. During the transition phase of life, noticeable alterations in the endocrine and metabolic status of the dairy ruminants were registered. Among small ruminants i.e. goat’s hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia/Pregnancy toxemia and hypomagnesaemia are the common metabolic disorders which normally precipitated during metabolic anxiety phase. The present study was conducted during the period of 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. During this period we had registered total 957 goats at Kalsi, Chakrata areas of district Dehradun, Chorgalia, Kotabagh, Kaladhungi areas of district Nainital and Shetlai, Pantnagar, Bazpur areas of district Uddham Singh Nagar beside this we had also included the concerned cases from Government Veterinary Hospital Outpatient departments (OPDs) of the above said areas in Uttarakhand. In the present study, we had performed a prevalence study over common occurring metabolic diseases of goats like hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia/pregnancy toxemia and hypomagnesaemia. Besides this, we had also studied the dissemination pattern of common occurring metabolic diseases on the basis of their age groups and parity

Utilization of non-prescription medicines in minor ailments management: A nationwide study undertaken among Malaysian community pharmacists

The absence of dispensing separation between private doctor clinics and pharmacies is the main challenge of theMalaysian community pharmacists. Within this context, the utilization of non-prescription medicines for minorailments treatment is one of the major roles of the pharmacists. This study aimed to evaluate the minor ailmentsmanagement using non-prescription medicines among the Malaysian community pharmacists. This was a crosssectional descriptive study. The entire population of Malaysian community pharmacists (n = 2,730) were invitedfor participation. Data were collected across the first 10 requests for minor ailments management involved adultconsumers in a working day. A total of 173 pharmacists were participated (response rate 6.3%) and 1,704 consumerswith 2,149 minor ailments were encountered. The consumers mostly have one minor ailment (78.3%) and involvedacute conditions (92.3%). Productive cough (7.3%), fever (6.3%), and dermatitis (6.1%) were most commonlymanaged by the pharmacists. Cetirizine (5.9%), paracetamol (4.7%), and diclofenac (4.2%) were most frequentlydispensed and each consumer received an average (median) of two medications. The median duration of treatment was5 days [inter-quartile range (IQR): 3–7] and the cost of treatment involved only medicines cost (median: RM 13.40;IQR: 8.00–21.00) without any consultation fee. The majority of the consumers (75.5%) sought help from pharmacistsfirst without consulting the doctors. Only 16.4% of the consumers were followed-up by the pharmacists. In conclusion,the pharmacists actively managed the minor ailments with an affordable cost of treatment. Guidelines and an auditsystem should be established to enhance the minor ailments practices of the pharmacists.

Study of impact of Wolbachia surface protein on reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cell line exposed to ethanol

Objective: To study the impact of Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) level inethanol (EtOH)-exposed HepG2 cells.Materials and Methods: Increase in ROS level was induced in HepG2 cells by subjecting HepG2 cells toEtOH exposure. Impact of WSP on ROS level was examined by staining of intracellular ROS in cells usingthe specific ROS-detecting dye 2ʹ, 7ʹ-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), followed by flowcytometric analysis.Results and Conclusion: Flow cytometry analysis using H2DCFDA-based staining study of ROS level inHepG2 cells revealed that EtOH caused oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by inducing production of high levelsof ROS. However, EtOH-induced increased ROS production in cells decreased with treatment of WSP.From the current study, we can culminate that WSP provides cytoprotective action against EtOH-inducedincreased ROS production and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by decreasing ROS production. This will beof significance for the treatment of EtOH-related liver ailments. Thus, this article emphasizes that WSP withprotecting ability could be used as a powerful therapeutic drug to treat EtOH-related liver ailments.

Management of Minor Ailments by Community Pharmacists in Cebu, Philippines – An Exploratory Study

Background@#Community pharmacists play a central role in the management of minor ailments and their clinical knowledge is vital in improving treatment outcomes of these ailments. The provision of minor ailment service in developed countries has been successful yet the practice in the Philippines has not been documented. @*Objectives@#The aim of this study was to document the involvement of community pharmacists in the management of minor ailments, the practices, and the perceived challenges in the provision of pharmacy service. @* Methods@#This was an exploratory descriptive study. Using qualitative research technique, a guided interview questionnaire was employed for data gathering. The practices employed and perceived challenges encountered by pharmacists were interpreted using conventional content analysis. @* Results@#Colds, cough, skin allergy, diarrhea were the four most common ailments managed by community pharmacists. Pharmacists had underdeveloped roles in consultation. Community pharmacists were knowledgeable on the causes of the minor ailments and the medications dispensed were compliant with approved product indications. The absence of institutional guidelines (66%), lack of ailment-specific training (100%), insufficient clinical skills (76.7%), and a dominant patient self-selection behavior for OTC medicines (73.3%) were perceived as challenges in the provision of minor ailment services.@*Conclusion@#Community pharmacists managed common ailments with non-prescription medicines however consultation roles were found to be underdeveloped.

Analysis of gastrointestinal drugs in patients admitted in CCU and ICCU of a tertiary care hospital in Goa, India

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a common problem worldwide. They are frequently encountered in non-critical as well as in critically ill hospitalized patients.Methods: This was a prospective and observational study conducted on patients admitted in CCU and ICCU of Goa Medical College and Hospital. Data was collected from the patients� case records and was analysed referring to WHO prescribing indicators. Data was represented as Mean盨D, number and frequency.Results: A total of 2250 drugs were prescribed, out of which 376 (16.71%) were gastrointestinal drugs. Most common route of administration was oral 323 (85.90%). Prescription patterns of GI drugs were: 275 (73.14%) from National List of Essential Medicines, 20 (5.31%) as fixed dose combinations and 4 (1.06%) by generic names. Pantoprazole 183 (48.67%) was the most frequently prescribed drug for peptic ulcer in present study.Conclusions: From the findings of this study we noted that among the GI drugs used, those for peptic ulcer were the most commonly prescribed. Also majority were from the essential drug list. But prescribing by generic names was low. Review of drug utilization trends is a necessary aid to formulate and modify existing protocols and guidelines to improve treatment outcomes in a given setting.

Review on Some Plants’ Therapeutic Effects against Gastrointestinal Microbes

Plants play vital roles in many health care systems, be it rural or an urban community. Plants became familiar as medicine due to the primordial ideologies and believed. Several plant parts served as medicines to so many ailments including gastrointestinal ailments, due to the fact that their active ingredients are powerful against the microbes as well as healing so many physiological abnormalities. The principal antimicrobial components were used to inhibit the growth of microbes (S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella spp, B. cereus, and B. subtili,), as well as most of the recognized compounds in most plants were aromatic or saturated organic compounds which enabled the plants to be active against the gastrointestinal microbes. The commonly used diluents were; water, methanol and Di methyl sulphate oxides to ascertain the level of activity of the plants. As such, plant materials in one way or the other are very active when dealing with microbes due to their active ingredients or the phytoconstituents. Most of the microbes identified in many reviewed researches were enteric bacterial species, by which divided into both gram negative and gram positive bacterial isolates, they differ in their cell components, which are the main targets of bioactive constituents to deal with any bacteria. However, certain parasites contributed towards the production of ailments for their survival and causing havoc to the hosts and sometimes be mutualistic.

Respiratory diseases of children living near a dumpsite / Doenças respiratórias de população infantil residente próxima a lixão

Despite recognition of the socioenvironmental impacts of improper manangement and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), often involiving diseases, few studies have been carried out to investigate the association between this waste management and health. It is important to know the health status of people living near landfills and dumps, to make those responsible for managment aware of the need to establish more effective sanitation policies. For this purpose, we conducted a descriptive case study with primary data on repiratory diseases of children living near a trash dump. The field work was performed in two periods in 2005 and 2016. In the first, the dump was in operation, while in the second it had been shut down for about five years. The study was conducted in a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro with a population of about 47,000 people in 2006. The results indicate that the rates of respiratory diseases among children living in the area surrounding the dump were higher in 2005 than in 2016, a finding that might be related to the dump's closure. In ten cases the decline in the ailments reported by the respondents was significant, led by wheezing attacks after exercise (26.4 percengage points lower) and pneumonia (16 p.p.lower). In six cases, the rates were slightly higher, suggesting the need for a more thorough study to investigate this increase. The results are not definitive, but indicate the importance of the considering the negative health effects of trash dumps and the need to close them or improve the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste.

Apesar de reconhecidos os impactos socioambientais causados pelo manejo e disposição irregulares dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), muitas vezes relacionados à incidência de doenças, poucos estudos têm sido realizados com o intuito de verificar a associação entre os efeitos do seu gerenciamento inadequado e a saúde. É importante conhecer o estado de saúde da população residente nas proximidades de aterros de RSU visando conscientizar os responsáveis pelo seu gerenciamento sobre a necessidade de estabelecer políticas mais efetivas nos programas de saneamento dos Estados. Para isso, foi feito um estudo de caso descritivo e quantitativo com dados primários sobre doenças respiratórias de crianças residentes no entorno de um lixão. As pesquisas de campo foram feitas em duas épocas distintas: em 2005 e 2016. Na primeira pesquisa o lixão se encontrava em operação, enquanto que na segunda pesquisa, estava desativado há cerca de cinco anos. O estudo foi desenvolvido numa cidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com população aproximada de 47.000 habitantes em 2006. Os resultados dão conta de que as doenças do trato respiratório em crianças residentes próximas ao aterro estudado apresentam índices mais elavados, na primeira, com declínio, na segunda pesquisa, e que este fato pode estar relacionado com o fechamento do lixão. Em dez casos o declinio das doenças relatadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa é significativo, como por exemplo, assovio ou chiado no peito (de 26.4% menor) e pneumonia (16% menor). Em outros 6 casos os índices são levemente mais elevados, sugerindo a necessida de realização de um estudo mais profundo de modo a investigar este aumento. Os resultados não são definitivos, mas indicam a importância de fechamento dos lixões, seus possíveis efeitos negativos à saúde e melhores tratamentos e disposições de residuos solidos urbanos.

A study of knowledge of Anganwadi workers regarding minor ailments among children in Amritsar district of Punjab, India.

Background: Anganwadi workers (AWW) are India’s primary tool against the menace of child malnourishment, infant mortality, and lack of child education, community health. The anganwadi workers should have basic knowledge of treatment of minor ailment. So with this aim this study was planned to assess the existing knowledge regarding minor ailments of children among anganwadi workers problems and in curbing preventable diseases. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine SGRDIMSAR, Amritsar. By adopting stratified random sampling technique, 5 AWW were selected per each training session. A pre- designed and pre-tested questionnaire prepared was used to collect information from AWW. Pre-test and post-test assessment to determine the knowledge of minor ailments among AWW was done. The data collected was statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. Results: The study revealed that out of 135 AWW, 40% were in the age group of 25-45 years. Only 8.9% AWW were aware that a neonate should be referred in case he suffers from any of these conditions i.e. hypothermia, jaundice, fever. Awareness about newborn care practices was observed to increase with increase in education level. There was statistically significant improvement in the knowledge regarding minor ailments in post-test scores of AWWs. Conclusions: Anganwadi workers are India’s primary tool against the scourges of child malnourishment, infant mortality and curbing preventive diseases such as most minor ailments.

Indigenous uses of plants in different women ailments in Garhwal region.

A survey of villages of Garhwal region was done to identify medicinally important plants used by local peoples of that region against different women ailments. Paper deals with 67 plant species of 42 families as a herbal medicines described by local peoples used for different women ailments i.e., Leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, Menorrhagia, Poor lactation, uterus infection, abortion, Deliverythe samples.

A fantasia não dorme: linguagem da noite e males da ilusão / Fantasy never sleeps: language of the night and the ailments of illusion / La fantaisie ne dort pas: le langage de la nuit et les maux de l'illusion / La fantasía nunca duerme: lenguage de la noche y los males de la ilusión

Na continuidade dos estudos sobre os males da alma segundo a cultura luso-brasileira e europeia dos séculos XVI ao XVIII, este artigo investiga diferentes interpretações e usos das narrativas oníricas. Em especial, trata de desordens causadas pelos excessos do gozo entendidos como engodos do mundo.

Continuing the sequence of studies on ailments of the soul according to Luso-Brazilian and European culture from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, this article investigates different interpretations and uses of dream narratives. In particular, it deals with disorders caused by excess of jouissance, understood as lures from the world.

Dans le prolongement des études sur le maux de l'âme selon la culture luso-brésilienne et européenne du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, cet article examine de différentes interprétations et utilisations des récits de songes. En particulier, il traite des troubles causés par les excès de la jouissance compris comme leurres du monde.

Continuando los estudios sobre los males del alma conforme la cultura luso-brasileña y europea de los siglos XVI al XVIII, este artículo investiga las diferentes interpretaciones y usos de las narrativas oníricas. En especial, trata de los desórdenes causados por los excesos del gozo comprendidos como engaños del mundo.

Diversity of Potent Ethno-Medicinal Flora for Headache from North-Tarai Forests of (U. P.) India.

An ethno-medicinal survey was undertaken in the North Tarai Forests of Uttar Pradesh for the documentation of ethno-medicinal information of plants and herbs used for the treatment of various ailments in the area by traditional healers as well as rural inhabitants. The North Tarai region of U. P. has well blessed phytodiversity in its green natural forests as well as rich ethnic and rural communities. The rural inhabitants of the area are still far from modern civilization so they are totally dependent on forests for their various needs specially for healthcare. Due to the presence of rich traditional knowledge of medicine and great faith and belief on Ayurvedic and Siddha system of medicine the rural inhabitants use herbal medication. During the ethno medicinal survey we found one hundred forty plant species in which one hundred ten plant species belonging to ninety five genera representing fifty one families were reported which were being used for the treatment of headache. The present work was undertaken for the treatment of headache. The investigation was performed by collection of medicinal plants in consultation with local healers, rural dwellers, as well as medicine venders. Questionnaire method was adopted for the documentation of ethno medicinal information. Various medicinal plant parts viz. leaves, flowers, bark, latex, seeds, rhizome, root, as well as whole plant part were being used as ethnomedicine. Mostly medicines were used externally while somewhere also being used internally. For each plant species details of scientific name, author name, family name and vernacular name as well as method and mode of medicine administration are described in the text. In conclusion the North-Tarai region of U. P. disposes great diversity of medicinal plants as well as large phytotherapeutic knowledge which are to be scientifically investigated and needed to be conserved.

Body Ailments Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Elderly in Ondo State, Nigeria.

Objective: To investigate the various body ailments both communicable and non communicable diseases in conjunction with nutritional status of elderly in Ondo state, Nigeria. Methods: This was a random sampling of 400 elderly individuals (>60 years) living in Ondo State, Nigeria. By means of Open ended and structured questionnaire, data were collected on health, diet and Sociodemographic characteristics. There was anthropometric measurement to assess nutritional status. Results: Most of the elderly aged 60-69 years were married and have no formal education. Most of them were from monogamy and polygamy family structure. The body ailment reported consist of body pain (28%) respiratory related complications (14%) eye ailments (11%), hypertension (8%) diabetes (3%) and musculoskeletal problems (24%) such as rheumatism, cramps and arthritis. The prevalence of self reported hypertension was 26% less in male respondents than in female respondents. The dietary pattern revealed that elderly ate from major food groups with animal protein foods (74% ate daily) but low dairy products (7% ate daily). The food habit related significantly with body ailments such as skipping meals ((c=19.2; P<0.05) and eating three times a day ((c=8.4; P<0.05). The body Mass index classification showed more than half were in normal nutritional status (58%), but 20% underweight, 15% overweight and 7% were obese. The body ailments associated significantly with nutritional status (c=55.1; P<0.05).

Review of the Medicinal Effects of Tualang Honey and a Comparison with Manuka Honey

Tualang honey (TH) is a Malaysian multifloral jungle honey. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies published in medical databases regarding its potential health benefits. The honey is produced by the rock bee (Apis dorsata), which builds hives on branches of tall Tualang trees located mainly in the north-western region of Peninsular Malaysia. This review collates the results of the various studies of TH that range from research on tissue culture to randomised control clinical trials. Findings thus far show that, TH has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties, in addition to wound-healing attributes. Some of its properties are similar to the well-researched Manuka honey (New Zealand and/or Australian monofloral honey). Distinct differences include higher phenolics, flavonoids, and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF). Compared with Manuka honey, TH is also more effective against some gram-negative bacterial strains in burn wounds.

Transitoriedade ou o desterro da certeza / Transitoriness or exile from certainty / La fugacité ou l'exil de la certitude / La transitoriedad o el destierro de la certeza

O tema da transitoriedade era lugar-comum da medicina da alma da primeira modernidade. Este artigo analisa algumas dessas fontes para mostrar como a dor do tempo e os males da alma atinentes eram relacionados a um modo de encarar a fugacidade do tempo e a fragilidade da vida. Dá-se destaque, sobretudo, às construções em torno da condição humana enquanto desterro da certeza.

The theme of transitoriness was commonplace in medicine of the soul of early modernity. This article examines some of these sources to show how the pain of time and similar ailments of the soul were related to a way of dealing with the fleetingness of time and the fragility of life. The author underlines constructions of the human condition as exile from certainty.

Le thème de la fugacité était un lieu commun de la médecine de l'âme de la première modernité. Cet article examine quelques-unes de ces sources pour montrer comment la douleur du temps et le maux de l'âme étaient liés à une façon d'envisager la nature éphémère du temps et la fragilité de la vie. Cet article met en relief les constructions liées à la condition humaine comprise comme exil de la certitude.

El tema de la transitoriedad era un lugar común en la medicina del alma durante la primera modernidad. Este artículo analiza algunas de esas fuentes para mostrar como el dolor del tiempo y los males del alma estaban relacionados a un modo de encarar la fugacidad del tiempo y la fragilidad de la vida. Se destaca sobretodo las construcciones en torno de la condición humana como destierro de la certeza.

Worth of Traditional Herbal System of Medicine for Curing Ailments Prevalent Across the Mountain Region of Uttarakhand, India.

The present study deals with 40 medicinal plant species used to cure a variety of ailments through traditional health care system by the local healers (Vaidyas). These plants were checked and verified from the available literature which revealed that the uses of these plants were newly recorded. Depth studies of 40 new recorded medicinal plants were documented with their different parts being used in herbal medicines. It was also found that one species or some times more species were used for curing one or many diseases together. The nature and type of symptoms of diseases reported of human beings were found varying across the region. All these different kinds of diseases were grouped in to three categories i.e. serious, moderate and common based on the risk factor and seriousness of disease in consultation with doctors practicing different streams of treatment i.e. Vaidyas, Ayurvedic and Allopathic. About more than 40% of local inhabitants were consulted, so as to reveals their perceptions on ranking of 10 common ailments prioritized by the local people based on their preference for opting herbal system of treatments. The traditional herbal system of medicine is one of the most important prevailing systems in the area where modern health care centre are rare or in very poor conditions.

A Colônia enferma e a saúde dos povos: a medicina das 'luzes' e as informações sobre as enfermidades da América portuguesa / The ailing colony and the health of the people: the medicine of the Enlightenment and information about the infirmities in Portugal's American colonies

Os avanços da medicina no conhecimento do corpo humano e nas formas de tratar as enfermidades não tiveram impacto somente sobre o corpo individual. A partir do século das luzes a medicina passou a se preocupar cada vez mais com a 'saúde dos povos'. Os conhecimentos oriundos de novas teorias médicas passaram a ser postos a serviço do Estado, possibilitando formas mais eficazes de diminuir as epidemias e a alta mortalidade. Este artigo pretende examinar o significado que tais mudanças na medicina assumiram para o Estado português, abordando seus impactos no universo colonial com base na questão das enfermidades dos negros e do estabelecimento de informações acerca das enfermidades na América portuguesa.

The progress in medicinal knowledge about the human body and the ways of treating different ailments did not just affect individuals. As of the Enlightenment, medicine started to pay ever greater attention to the 'health of the people'. The knowledge derived from new medical theories started to be put at the State's service, bringing about greater efficiency in reducing epidemics and high death rates. This article seeks to examine the significance of these changes in medicine for the Portuguese State, investigating their impact on the colonies, based on the issue of ailments suffered by blacks and the establishment of information about the ailments suffered in Portugal's colonies in the Americas.