Chemical Constituents of n-Butanol Extract Part of Akebia trifoliata Caulis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

<b>Objective::To study the chemical constituents from <italic>n</italic>-butanol extract of <italic>Akebia trifoliata</italic> caulis. <b>Method::The 100 kg caulis of <italic>A</italic>. <italic>trifoliata</italic> was extracted with 75% ethanol (EtOH) for three times by heating reflux. These 3 extracts were decompressed and concentrated, and then dissolved in water. The solvent was successively extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and <italic>n</italic>-butanol. The chemical constituents from the <italic>n</italic>-butanol fraction were isolated by macroporous, silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and ODS columns, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and their chemical structures were determined through MS, NMR analysis (¹H and ¹³C-NMR) and spectroscopic data from literatures. <b>Result::Totally 14 compounds were isolated and identified as mutongsaponin B(<bold>1</bold>), mutongsaponin C(<bold>2</bold>), saponin PH(<bold>3</bold>), begoniifolide A(<bold>4</bold>), 2<italic>α</italic>, 3<italic>β</italic>, 23-trihydroxy-30-noroleana-12, 19-dien-28-oicacid-<italic>O</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-<italic>α</italic>-<italic>L</italic>-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucopyranosyl ester(<bold>5</bold>), akemisaponins D(<bold>6</bold>), akemisaponins E(<bold>7</bold>), asiaticoside(<bold>8</bold>), saponin PJ1(<bold>9</bold>), scheffoleoside A(<bold>10</bold>), symplocosneolignan A(<bold>11</bold>), kalopanax-saponins D(<bold>12</bold>), leonticin E(<bold>13</bold>), ciwujianoside A₁(<bold>14</bold>). <b>Conclusion::Compounds <bold>1-4</bold>, <bold>11</bold>, <bold>13, 14</bold> were isolated from this plant for the first time. The discovery of these compounds further enriched the chemical constituents of <italic>A</italic>. <italic>trifoliata</italic>, and provided experimental and scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of <italic>A</italic>. <italic>trifoliata</italic>.

Study on assay strategy of total tritepenoid saponins in traditional Chinese medicines using total saponins from Akebiae Caulis as an example / 中国中药杂志

Due to lack of reference substances,the content of triterpenoid saponins in traditional Chinese medicines is usually characterized by colorimetric determination of total saponins. However,the specificity of colorimetric method is poor,and the determination result is not accurate enough. So,in this paper,the content determination method of total triterpenoid saponins was studied by taking Akebiae Caulis saponins as an example. The contents of three main saponin aglycones,including arjunolic acid,hederagenin and oleanolic acid,were determined by HPLC method. Referring to the content determination method of total flavonol glycosides in Ginkgo biloba leaves in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the content of Akebiae Caulis saponins was obtained by multiplying the total content of the three above-mentioned aglycones with conversion coefficient. LC-MS/MS analysis results showed that mutongsaponin C and aponin PJIwere the two main triterpene saponins in Akebiae Caulis,and they shared the same molecular formula. So,the average value of the ratios of the molecular weight between mutongsaponin C and the three aglycones was defined as the conversion coefficient.The three aglycones were separated on an ACE Excel 3 C18-AR column( 4. 6 mm×150 mm,3 μm),and methanol-water( containing0. 04% glacial acetic acid and 0. 02% triethylamine) was used as mobile phase with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,and the flow rate was 0. 5 m L·min-1. The results showed that there was a good linearity among the ranges of 1. 053-16. 84,0. 200-3. 200 and 1. 515-24. 24 μg for arjunolic acid,hederagenin and oleanolic acid,respectively. Their average recoveries were97. 90%,97. 50% and 100. 5%,with RSD of 2. 0%,2. 9% and 2. 9%,respectively. The results of methodological investigation met the requirements of content determination. The conversion coefficient was 2. 31. This method is simple and reliable,and can be used for the determination of total triterpenoid saponins in Akebiae Caulis. The assay strategy can be used for the determination of total triterpenoid saponins in other traditional Chinese medicines.

Investigation of Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the circulation and use of Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis;To provide references for clinical safe medication. Methods Literature review, field survey and telephone interview were used to conduct the investigation. Results ① The market currency of the Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis was very confused, and the mainly medicinal materials on the market were Clematidis Armandii Caulis. ② The majority used medicinal materials were Clematidis Armandii Caulis, and Akebiae Caulis was rarely used. ③ The Chinese Pharmacopoeia collected Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis separately, but there was phenomenon of using Clematidis Armandii Caulis replacing of Akebiae Caulis. Conclusion Market of Akebiae Caulis is shrinking; the phenomenon of using Clematidis Armandii Caulis to replace Akebiae Caulis widespread in clinic. There are differences in the efficacy of Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis, so they should be distinguished and cannot be used to mix or substitute.

Studies of Mu-tong, Akebiae Caulis (1) Herbological study of Classical Name and Origin / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The Chinese crude drug “Mu-tong, ” “Mokutsu” in Japanese, is standardized as the stem of <i>Akebia quinata</i> Decne. and <i>A. trifoliata</i> Koidz. of Lardizabalaceae in the modern Japanese pharmacopoeia. On the other hand, the botanical origin of Mu-tong is rather complicated in China, and many different plants among several families are used as a kind of Mu-tong. The herbological study clarified that Chinese doctors in the Tang dynasty had changed the original name “Tong-tsao” to “Mu-tong, ” meaning “woody Tong-tsao, ” to distinguish it from another type of Tong-tsao derived from the soft pith of <i>Tetrapanax papyrifera</i> Koch of the family Araliaceae plant. The classical botanical origin of Mu-tong is <i>Akebia</i> plants. Though the pith of <i>Tetrapanax papyrifera</i> is used as “Tong-tsao” in modern China, Akebiae Caulis is the true botanical source of ancient prescriptions such as those found in Shang-han-lun, an ancient Chinese medical book.