Estado nutricional, consumo de lácteos y niveles séricos de calcio, fósforo y fosfatasas alcalinas en escolares de mérida / Nutritional status, consumption of dairy products and levels sericos of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatases in schoolchildren of mérida

Se realizó una investigación de Campo de Tipo Descriptiva Correlacional y de corte transversal para determinar el estado nutricional, consumo de lácteos y niveles séricos de calcio, fósforo, y fosfatasas alcalinas en escolares del 1er, 3er y 5to grado de la U.E "Rafael Antonio González" de la comunidad de Mesa Bolívar en el año 2007. La población estuvo conformada por la matricula escolar de 171 estudiantes. Se determinó la muestra con el método estratificado aleatorio simple, obteniéndose 47% de la matricula escolar, correspondiendo 80 niños distribuidos por grado: 21 niños en 1ero, 28 en 3ero y 31 en 5to, en edades comprendidas entre 6 a 12 años. Se determinó la cantidad y la frecuencia de consumo de productos lácteos para lo cual, se diseñó un cuestionario "ad hoc" contentivo de 10 ítems relacionados con la frecuencia de consumo, cantidad y tipo de lácteos. Se realizó evaluación nutricional a través de la Combinación de Indicadores (Peso para la Talla y Talla para la Edad) utilizando las tablas de Evaluación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se determinaron los valores séricos de calcio, fósforo y fosfatasas alcalinas. Los escolares presentan 32,6% de malnutrición; tanto los niños (6-10 años y 11-12 años) como las niñas (8-12 años) presentaron un porcentaje de adecuación diario de calcio bajo (77,16%, 28,57% y 38,96%) respectivamente y 60% tienen hipocalcemia. Existe significancia estadística entre los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo con el consumo diario promedio de calcio (p 0,05 y p 0,04). No hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre el consumo de productos lácteos y el estado nutricional de los escolares. El estado nutricional de los escolares no depende del consumo diario de productos lácteos, sin embargo, dicho consumo si afecta los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo(AU)

A cross-sectional descriptive correlational field research was conducted in order to determine the nutritional status, consumption of milk and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in students of 1st, 3rd and 5th grades of the "Rafael Antonio Gonzalez "school in Mesa Bolívar in 2007. The population consisted of 171 students. We determined the sample with a simple random stratified method, yielding 47% of school enrollment, corresponding to 80 children distributed by grade: 21 children in 1st, 28 in 3rd, 31 in 5th, aged 6 to 12 years old. The amount and frequency of consumption of dairy products, with an "ad hoc" questionnaire designed containing 10 items related to the frequency of consumption, quantity and type of dairy product. Nutritional assessment was carried out by means of the combination of indicators (weight for height and height for age) using the tables of evaluation of the World Health Organization. Values were determined in serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. The students had 32,6% of malnutrition, both boys (6-10 years and 11-12 years) and girls (8-12 years) had an adequate percentage of low calcium daily intake(77.16%, 28. 57% and 38.96%, respectively) and 60% had hypocalcemia. There is statistical significance between serum calcium and phosphorus with an average daily intake of calcium (p 0.05 and p 0.04). There was no statistically significant relationship between dairy products consumption and nutritional status of schoolchildren. The nutritional status of schoolchildren does not depend on daily consumption of dairy products, however, that consumption does affect serum calcium and phosphorus(AU)

As fosfatases alcalinas, transaminases e gama-glutamil-transferase séricas em pacientes epilépticos tratados com carbamazepina / The serum alkaline phosphatases, transaminases, and gamma-glutamil transferases in epileptic patients treated with carbamazepine

Carbamazepine is the drug of choice used in the treatment of patients with partial (or focal) epilepsy with secondary generalization. Despite its therapeutical use, this drug has been implicated in the increase of serum activities in some enzymes. Some authors have described prevalence values of 7.7 percent, 13 percent, and 22 percent for the increase of activity of serum alkaline phosphatases (AF or EC 3.1.3.1). A divergence in the results was also found for the activities of the serum g-glutamil transferase (gamma-glutamil transferase or GGT, or EC 2.3.2.2). OBJECTIVE: Hence, among other objectives, the aim of this research is to determine the frequency of sample alterations in serum enzymatic activities of AF, GGT and transaminases (AST, aspartate amino-transferase, EC 2.6.1.1; and ALT, alanine-amino-transferase, EC 2.6.1.2) in epilepsy ward patients in Salvador, Bahia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The design of the study is descriptive and it is a case series type. It has been approved by the local Ethics Committee. In this study, a convenience sample of 52 epileptic patients who receive ambulatory care was obtained without interference by the researchers. These patients were divided according to age groups of 12 to 30 years and 31 to 90 years, which were then subdivided according to the period of monotherapy with carbamazepine. The serum activities of the enzymes GGT, AF, AST and ALT were determined. RESULTS: The ratios of alterations per variables were described: 42 percent for the FA, 18 percent for the GGT, 2 percent for the ALT, and 12 percent for the AST respectively. The age group of 12 to 30 years presented 56 percent of alterations in the AF while the group of 31 to 90 years presented only 18 percent of alterations. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the enzymes AF, GGT, AST, and ALT presented higher frequencies of alterations of their activities in those patients with age equal to or below 30 years, while the AF presented higher values.

INTRODUÇÃO: A carbamazepina é a droga utilizada no tratamento de pacientes com epilepsia parcial (ou focal) secundariamente generalizada. Apesar do uso terapêutico, este fármaco tem sido implicado no aumento das atividades séricas de algumas enzimas. Alguns autores descreveram valores de prevalência de 7,7 por cento, 13 por cento e 22 por cento para aumento de atividade das fosfatases alcalinas séricas (FA ou EC 3.1.3.1). A divergência de resultados também foi encontrada para as atividades da gama-glutamil-transferase sérica (gama-glutamil transferase ou GGT ou EC 2.3.2.2). OBJETIVO: Assim, a meta desta pesquisa é determinar, dentre outros objetivos, a freqüência de alterações nas atividades das FA, GGT e transaminases (AST, aspartato-amino-transferase, EC 2.6.1.1; e ALT, alanina-amino-transferase, EC 2.6.1.2) de uma amostra de pacientes do ambulatório de epilepsia em Salvador, Bahia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: O desenho do estudo é descritivo do tipo série de casos, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética local, no qual uma amostra de conveniência de 52 pacientes epilépticos de acompanhamento ambulatorial foi obtida sem interferência dos pesquisadores. Estes pacientes foram organizados por faixa etária de 12 a 30 e de 31 a 90 anos e, subdivididos por tempo de monoterapia com carbamazepina. As atividades séricas das enzimas GGT, FA, AST e ALT foram determinadas. RESULTADOS: As proporções de alterações por variáveis foram descritas: 42 por cento para as FA, 18 por cento para as GGT, 2 por cento para as ALT e 12 por cento para as AST, respectivamente. A faixa etária de 12 a 30 anos apresentou 56 por cento de alterações nas FA enquanto que aquela de 31 a 90 anos, apenas 18 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: Nós concluímos que as enzimas FA, GGT, AST e ALT apresentaram maiores freqüências de alterações de suas atividades naqueles pacientes com idade igual ou inferior a 30 anos, sendo que as FA apresentaram maiores valores.