Esthetic crown lengthening in the treatment of gummy smile associated with altered passive eruption: A case report

Introduction: Excessive gummy smile affects the aesthetics of the patient and can be the result of several factors, including altered passive eruption, which can be surgically corrected by aesthetic crown lengthening. Case report: 22-year-old female patient, who was treated by aesthetic crown lengthening for the correction of type 1B altered passive eruption. Discussion: Considering the patient's age and periodontal phenotype, surgical correction of the gummy smile by aesthetic crown lengthening shows stable long-term results. Conclusion: Surgically correcting excessive gingival exposure through esthetic crown lengthening can help patients improve the appearance of their smile and regain their self-confidence.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in a Patient with Gastric Bypass. Report of the First Local Case

We describe the first case in our environment of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with gastric bypass surgery. The procedure was performed with a side-viewing duodenoscope through a jejunogastrostomy using apposing stents, placed with EUS assistance, and a standard technique and instruments.

Se describe el primer caso en nuestro medio de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica transgástrica asistida por endosonografía en una paciente con cirugía de baipás gástrico. El procedimiento se realizó con duodenoscopio de visión lateral a través de una yeyunogastrostomía por stent de aposición, emplazado con asistencia endosonográfica y con una técnica e instrumental estándar.

Effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats

Objectives: Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones is known to produce a stress response because of its effect on hypothalamus. Mobile phones have become an integral part of our lives with increasing usage not only in terms of number of users but also increase in talk time. The present study aimed to study the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour assessment in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve male SD rats of 10–12 weeks old, weighing 180–220 g, were housed and allowed to acclimatise in a room with 12:12 h light-dark cycle with ad libitum amount of food and reverse osmosis (RO) water before the start of the study. Then, rats were divided into control and RF-EMR exposed groups, and everyday feed intake and body weight were measured. At the end of the study period, blood sample was collected through retro orbital puncture for biochemical investigations. Results: The present study showed significant increase in malondialdehyde and serum corticosterone levels and decrease feeding behaviour in rats exposed to RF-EMR in rats exposed to RF-EMR. Conclusion: This study proves that mobile RF-EMR causes oxidative stress and oxidative damage leading to decreased feeding behaviour in SD rats.

Colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica asistida por enteroscopia de doble balón en un paciente con gastrectomía total y reconstrucción en Y-de-Roux: reporte de caso / Double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with total gastrectomy and roux-en-y reconstruction: A case report

Resumen La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es un procedimiento útil en el manejo de enfermedades biliopancreáticas. Los pacientes con alteración anatómica del tracto gastrointestinal representan un desafío técnico por múltiples razones. Con técnicas como la enteroscopia de doble balón (EDB) es posible realizar una CPRE en estos pacientes. El caso que se presenta es el primero de este tipo publicado en Colombia sobre una paciente con gastrectomía total con reconstrucción en Y-de-Roux y coledocolitiasis.

Abstract Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a valuable procedure in managing biliopancreatic diseases. Patients with anatomical alteration of the gastrointestinal tract represent a technical challenge for multiple reasons. With techniques such as double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), it is possible to perform ERCP in these patients. The case was first published in Colombia on a female patient with total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and choledocholithiasis.

A study of clinical and etiological profile in elderly individuals presenting to a tertiary care center of South India with altered mental status

Background and Objectives: Altered mental status (AMS) is a challenging diagnosis in elderly patients and has a wide range of etiologies. The aim of this study was to know the clinical and etiological profile in the elderly, so that physicians will be better aware of AMS backgrounds and reducing morbidity and mortality rates among the patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the emergency department (ED) and medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary care hospital in South India from November 1, 2019, to October 31, 2020. Patients aged 65 years and older who presented to the ED and MICU with AMS were included in this study. They were evaluated clinically and necessary investigations were done to know the etiologies. Results: Among 100 elderly patients, 64% belonged to young old (age group of 65–74 years), 30% belonged to old (age group of 75–84 years), and 6% belonged to oldest old (>85 years). Sixty?one percent were male and 39% were female. The most common cause for AMS in elderly was primary neurological cause (40%, cerebrovascular accident was most common cause). The other causes were metabolic encephalopathy (29%, hyponatremia being most common) followed by multifactorial causes (24%). Infections and hypertensive encephalopathy were noted in 6% and 1% respectively. The common comorbidities found were hypertension (71%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (50%), and 28% had diabetes mellitus and hypertension, whereas 25% had multiple comorbidities. Conclusion: The elderly patients who present with AMS must be screened for the above etiologies. This study helps the physicians to have an idea regarding common causes of AMS in elderly patients at presentation, hence appropriate management approach thus helps in reducing morbidity and mortality.

Paediatric type diffuse high grade gliomas in the WHO CNS5 classification: What the pathologist needs to know?

Pediatric-type of diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGG) are classified as a distinct group in the current fifth edition of WHO classification. This group of high-grade tumors is no more called as glioblastoma (GBM), which has been reserved for adult isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type HGG. These tumors are uncommon as compared to embryonal tumors and low-grade gliomas (LGG). Pediatric-type of diffuse HGG biologically differs from their adult counterparts in that they are therapeutically less sensitive to alkylating chemotherapies. They comprise a heterogeneous group of molecularly defined tumors – predominantly histone gene altered, less common receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated, and syndrome-associated. This review provides an overview of these uncommon tumors and discusses the diagnostic approach of this heterogeneous group of tumors.

Outbreak of cholera in a remote village in western India

Background & objectives: Atypical El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae are frequently implicated in outbreaks of cholera. It is important to understand genetic variations of such strains which impact clinical and epidemiological outcomes. The present study was carried out to characterize an outbreak of cholera which occurred between July 8 and 13, 2018, in a remote settlement in Nashik district, Maharashtra. Methods: A large number of acute diarrhoea cases were reported in Rahude village, Nashik, Maharashtra since July 8, 2018. Molecular characterization of the isolated strains of V. cholerae was done. Results: 195 cases of cholera were detected from a population of 850 (attack rate 22.9%) with two deaths (Case Fatality Ratio of 1.03). A non-haemolytic polymyxin B sensitive strain of V. cholerae O1 Ogawa was isolated from 5/14 fecal samples. Molecular characterization of the isolates indicated that this strain was an altered El Tor (AET) strain. Deletion of the trinucleotide ‘GTA’ in the rstB gene, a unique feature of classical strains, was observed. Interpretation & conclusions: A cholera outbreak caused by a non-haemolytic polymixin B sensitive AET strain, occurred from July 8 to 13, 2018, in a remote settlement in western India. The molecular characterization of the outbreak strains highlighted an assortment of genetic determinants, stressing the need to monitor the genetic attributes of V. cholerae O1 in outbreaks for better understanding and mapping of clinical and epidemiological changes.

Citologías alteradas en mujeres pertenecientes a un grupo básico de trabajo de Camagüey

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de cuello uterino es una neoplasia maligna que se encuentra asociada a un número notable de factores de riesgo y, dentro de ellos, a la conducta sexual. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de mujeres con citologías alteradas de un grupo básico de trabajo perteneciente al Policlínico Comunitario Docente "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", municipio Camagüey. Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo, durante el período enero-diciembre de 2020. Se trabajó con un universo de 62 mujeres pertenecientes a los 11 consultorios urbanos del Grupo Básico de Trabajo 1, con presencia de citologías alteradas diagnosticadas mediante estudio histológico y/o citológico. Las variables utilizadas fueron: grupo de edad, antecedentes familiares de patologías de cuello y cuerpo uterino, factores de riesgo, infección con el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y los resultados histopatológicos de Papanicolaou. El procesamiento y análisis de datos se realizó utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. Resultados: La mayor incidencia de lesiones de cuello uterino ocurrió en el grupo de edad de 25 a 34 años (43,5 %), con antecedentes familiares maternos (45,1 %). La infección vaginal (100 %) y la multiparidad (82,2 %) fueron consideradas como principales factores de riesgo. Predominaron las pacientes con el virus del papiloma humano en un 87,1 %. Además, la citología con resultados de neoplasia cervical intraepitelial (NIC I) fue la más diagnosticada (40,3 %). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo analizados muestran una importante relación directa entre el virus del papiloma humano y los resultados de las citologías cervicales alteradas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical uterine cancer is a malignant neoplasm that is associated with remarkable number of risk factors, including sexual behavior. Objective: To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of women with altered cytology treated by a basic work group at the Policlínico Docente Comunitario "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", in Camagüey municipality. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2020. It worked with a total of 62 women (as universe) treated in 11 different urban clinics associated to the Basic Work Group 1, all women with altered cytology diagnosed by histological and/or cytological study. Variables used were as follow: group of age, family history linked to the cervical and uterine body pathologies, risk factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and histopathological Papanicolaou results. Data processing and analysis were performed using the statistical package SPSS version 21.0. Results: The highest incidence of cervical uterine lesions occurred in the group of age 25 to 34 (43.5%), and the 45.1% showed a maternal family history. Vaginal infection (100%) and multiparity (82.2%) were considered the main risk factors. Patients with HPV predominated in 87.1%. In addition, cytology with findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1) was the most frequently diagnosed (40.3%). Conclusions: It is concluded that the risk factors analyzed show a significant direct relationship between HPV and altered cervical cytology outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero é uma neoplasia maligna que está associada a um notável número de fatores de risco e, entre eles, ao comportamento sexual. Objetivo: Analisar as características clínico-epidemiológicas de mulheres com citologias alteradas de um grupo básico de trabalho da Policlínico Comunitario Docente "Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero", município de Camagüey. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2020. Trabalhamos com um universo de 62 mulheres pertencentes às 11 clínicas urbanas do Grupo de Trabalho Básico 1, com presença de citologias alteradas diagnosticadas por estudo histológico e/ou citológico. As variáveis utilizadas foram: faixa etária, história familiar de patologias cervicais e do corpo uterino, fatores de risco, infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) e resultado histopatológico do Papanicolaou. O processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados no pacote estatístico SPSS versão 21.0. Resultados: A maior incidência de lesões cervicais ocorreu na faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos (43,5%), com história familiar materna (45,1%). Infecção vaginal (100%) e multiparidade (82,2%) foram considerados os principais fatores de risco. Pacientes com HPV predominaram em 87,1%. Além disso, a citologia com resultado de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC I) foi a mais diagnosticada (40,3%). Conclusões: Conclui-se que os fatores de risco analisados apresentam uma relação direta importante entre o HPV e os resultados das citologias cervicais alteradas.

Desafios extremos da internet e contágio psíquico: sintomas da cultura do espetáculo / Extreme challenges of the internet and psychic contagion: symptoms of spectacle culture / Juegos extremos de internet y contagio psíquico: síntomas de la cultura del espectáculo

O presente artigo analisa os padrões de manifestação dos 'desafios da internet', manifestação viral da qual participam principalmente pré-adolescentes e adolescentes, e que estimulam teleparticipação mundial em desafios geradores de estados alterados de consciência que carregam um risco de morte em potencial. Objetivou-se traçar os padrões de incidência da ferramenta Google Trends para mapear padrões de manifestação que são analisados do ponto de vista dos contágios psíquicos das massas próprios das sociedades tomadas pelas redes de comunicação. À análise dos padrões de incidência segue-se uma reflexão teórica sobre o fenômeno e os seus desdobramentos a partir das teorias da comunicação, da mídia e da psicologia junguiana, especialmente acerca dos fenômenos das massas. Para a discussão, utilizaram-se como referências básicas Dietmar Kamper, Jean Baudrillard, Norval Baitello Junior e Malena Segura Contrera.

This article analyses the patterns of manifestation of 'internet challenges', a viral manifestation in which mainly preadolescents and adolescents participate and which stimulates worldwide participation in challenges that generate altered states of consciousness that carry a potential risk of death. The objective was to trace the patterns of incidence of the Google Trends tool to map patterns of manifestation that are analyzed from the point of view of the psychic contagions of the masses of the societies taken by the communication networks. The analysis of the patterns of incidence is followed by a theoretical reflection on the phenomenon and its consequences based on the theories of communication, the media and Jungian psychology, especially concerning the phenomena of the masses. For the discussion, we used Dietmar Kamper, Jean Baudrillard, Norval Baitello Junior and Malena Segura Contrera as basic references.

Este artículo analisar los patrones de manifestación de los 'desafíos de internet', manifestación viral en la que participan principalmente preadolescentes y adolescentes y que promueven la participación mundial en desafíos que generan estados alterados de conciencia que conllevan un potencial riesgo de muerte. El objetivo fue rastrear los patrones de incidencia de la herramienta Google Trends para mapear patrones de manifestación que se analizan desde el punto de vista de los contagios psíquicos de las masas de las sociedades tomadas por las redes de comunicación. Al análisis de los patrones de incidencia le sigue una reflexión teórica sobre el fenómeno y sus consecuencias a partir de las teorías de la comunicación, los medios de comunicación y la psicología junguiana, especialmente en lo que respecta a los fenómenos de masas. Para la discusión se utilizaron como referencias básicas Dietmar Kamper, Jean Baudrillard, Norval Baitello Junior y Malena Segura Contrera.

Auditory-vocal integration impairment: New challenges and opportunities for voice assessment and therapy / Alteración de la integración auditivo-vocal: nuevos retos y oportunidades para la evaluación y la terapia de la voz

This reflection paper addresses the importance of the interaction between voice perception and voice production, emphasizing the processes of auditory-vocal in-tegration that are not yet widely reported in the context of voice clinicians. Given the above, this article seeks to 1) highlight the important link between voice pro-duction and voice perception and 2) consider whether this relationship might be exploited clinically for diagnostic purposes and therapeutic benefit. Existing theories on speech production and its interaction with auditory perception provide context for discussing why the evaluation of auditory-vocal processes could help identify associ-ated origins of dysphonia and inform the clinician around appropriate management strategies. Incorporating auditory-vocal integration assessment through sensorimotor adaptation paradigm testing could prove to be an important addition to voice assess-ment protocols at the clinical level. Further, if future studies can specify the means to manipulate and enhance a person's auditory-vocal integration, the efficiency of voice therapy could be increased, leading to improved quality of life for people with voice disorders

Este artículo de reflexión aborda la importancia de la interacción entre la percepción y la producción de la voz, haciendo hincapié en los procesos de integración auditivo-vocal, los cuales aún no han sido muy divulgados en el contexto de los clínicos de voz. Dado lo anterior, este articulo busca: 1) destacar la importante relación entre la producción y la percepción de la voz y 2) considerar si esta relación pudiese explotarse clínicamente con fines diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Las teorías existentes sobre la producción de la voz y su interacción con la percepción auditiva proporcionan el contexto para discutir por qué la evaluación de los procesos auditivo-vocales podría ayudar a identificar los orígenes asociados a cierto tipo de disfonías e informar al clínico sobre las estrategias de abordaje adecuadas. La incorporación de la evaluación de la integración auditivo-vocal a través de la prueba del paradigma de adaptación sensoriomotora podría ser una importante adición a los protocolos de evaluación de la voz a nivel clínico. Además, si los estudios futuros pueden especificar los medios para manipular y mejorar la integración auditivo-vocal de una persona, la eficacia de la terapia de la voz podría aumentar, lo que llevaría a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con trastornos de la voz

Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Transcriptome and Type 2 Diabetes Genes in Mouse Islet β Cells / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by the malfunction of pancreatic β cells. Susceptibility and pathogenesis of T2D can be affected by multiple factors, including sex differences. However, the mechanisms underlying sex differences in T2D susceptibility and pathogenesis remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we demonstrate the presence of sexually dimorphic transcriptomes in mouse β cells. Using a high-fat diet-induced T2D mouse model, we identified sex-dependent T2D altered genes, suggesting sex-based differences in the pathological mechanisms of T2D. Furthermore, based on islet transplantation experiments, we found that compared to mice with sex-matched islet transplants, sex-mismatched islet transplants in healthy mice showed down-regulation of genes involved in the longevity regulating pathway of β cells. Moreover, the diabetic mice with sex-mismatched islet transplants showed impaired glucose tolerance. These data suggest sexual dimorphism in T2D pathogenicity, indicating that sex should be considered when treating T2D. We hope that our findings could provide new insights for the development of precision medicine in T2D.

Frequência Alfa na meditação Gurdjieff / Alpha Frequency in Gurdjieff Meditation

Introdução: a meditação é uma prática que visa regular o estado mental e as emoções, podendo induzir a estados alterados de consciência. Dentre inúmeras técnicas de meditação, o trabalho proposto por George I. Gurdjieff, inclui práticas voltadas para o recolhimento da atenção e o equilíbrio entre a atividade do corpo, da mente e do sentimento. Estudos realizados com eletroencefalografia (EEG), avaliando o estado meditativo em geral, demonstraram um padrão cerebral caracterizado pelo aumento da amplitude dos ritmos eletroencefalográficos alfa e teta, bem como diferenças na atividade alfa entre a meditação e o relaxamento. Entretanto, isto não está caracterizado em meditadores da linha de G.I. Gurdjieff, que praticam, além de meditações sentadas, exercícios corporais acompanhados de uma música própria e exercícios de atenção durante a vida diária. Objetivo: comparar a atividade cerebral da frequência alfa durante os estágios de meditação e relaxamento e avaliar as diferenças entre as regiões frontal, central e occipital nesses dois estados, em meditadores experientes do grupo Gurdjieff, de Salvador-Bahia-Brasil. Metodologia: a coleta da atividade cerebral dos 8 voluntários foi realizada através do EEG. O protocolo de coleta adotado foi de 6 minutos de relaxamento e 12 minutos de meditação. Resultados: foi encontrado aumento significativo da potência alfa durante a meditação, quando comparada ao relaxamento. As regiões frontal e central não apresentaram diferenças entre si para a potência alfa, enquanto a região occipital apresentou aumento da potência alfa em comparação com as regiões frontal e central. Existe um aumento da densidade de alfa durante a meditação em todas as regiões cerebrais testadas, com maior densidade na região occipital. Conclusão: A frequência alfa comporta-se de forma diferente durante a meditação, comparada ao relaxamento, com um aumento da densidade de potência durante o estado meditativo em todas as regiões avaliadas, sendo a região occipital a que apresentou maior potência.

Introduction: meditation is a practice that aims to regulate the mental state and emotions, and can induce altered states of consciousness. Among numerous meditation techniques, the work proposed by George I. Gurdjieff, includes an attempt to balance activities from the body, the mind and the feelings. Studies conducted with electroencephalography (EEG), evaluating the meditative tate, demonstrated a brain pattern characterized by increased alpha and theta amplitude, as well as differences in alpha activity between meditation and relaxation. However, this is not characterized in Gurdjieff meditators, which practice beyond sitted meditations, body exercises with music, and attentional exercises during everyday life. Objective: comparing the brain activity of the alpha power during the meditation and relaxation stages and evaluate the differences between the frontal, central and occipital regions in these two states, in experienced meditators from the Gurdjieff group, in Salvador-Bahia-Brazil. Methodology: the data collection of the brain activity from 8 volunteers was performed by EEG. The collection protocol adopted was 6 minutes of relaxation and 12 minutes of meditation. Results: a significant increase in alpha power was found during meditation, when compared to relaxation. The frontal and central regions showed no differences between them for alpha power, while the occipital region showed an increase in alpha power compared to the frontal and central regions. Conclusion: the alpha frequency behaves differently during meditation, compared to relaxation, with an increase in alpha density during the meditative state in all evaluated regions, with the occipital region being the most potent.

Planejamento digital para cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínico estético: relato de caso / Digital planning for aesthetic clinical crown increase surgery: case report

A exposição excessiva de gengiva durante o sorriso é denominada como sorriso gengival. O fator etiológico dessa alteração é variado e sua identificação é fundamental para confecção de um plano de tratamento eficaz. O planejamento clínico pode ser realizado utilizando uma abordagem dinâmica e digital do sorriso. Sendo assim, software, exames imaginológicos, modelo virtual 3D e guia cirúrgico aumentam a qualidade e a precisão do tratamento, trazendo inúmeros benefícios para o paciente. Objetivo: demonstrar a importância do fluxo digital no planejamento e na correção do sorriso gengival. Relato de caso: paciente apresentou queixas em relação ao tamanho dos dentes e ao excesso de exposição de gengiva durante o sorriso. Após exames clínico e radiográfico, foi possível realizar o diagnóstico do fator etiológico como erupção passiva alterada (EPA). O tratamento de escolha foi o recontorno gengival associado à realização de osteotomia e osteoplastia. Para uma maior precisão do tratamento, foi confeccionado um guia cirúrgico duplo. Após o procedimento, a paciente foi orientada e medicada. Considerações finais: a abordagem digital do sorriso favoreceu um tratamento cirúrgico preciso, eficaz e satisfatório para a paciente, reestabelecendo assim a harmonia dento-gengivo-facial.(AU)

Excessive gum exposure during a smile is called a gum smile. The etiologic factor of this alteration is varied, the identification is essential to create an effective treatment plan. Clinical planning can be performed using a dynamic and digital smile approach. Therefore, software, imaging tests, 3D virtual model and the surgical guide increase the quality and precision of the treatment thus bringing numerous benefits to the patient. Objective: this case report aims to demonstrate the importance of digital flow in smile planning and correction of a gum smile. Case report: the patient presented complaints regarding tooth size and excessive gum exposure during the smile. After the clinical and radiographic examination, the etiological factor was diagnosed as an altered passive eruption (APE). The treatment of choice was the gingival contour associated with osteotomy and osteoplasty. For the precision of the treatment, a double surgical guide was made. After the procedure the patient was guided and medicated. Conclusion: the digital smile approach favored an accurate, effective and satisfactory surgical treatment for the patient thus restoring the tooth-gingival-facial harmony.(AU)

Comparison of altered fractionation schedule with concurrent chemo-radiation for squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

Background: Aim of the study was to compare the response of altered fractionation schedule with concurrent chemo-radiation in patients with primary and the nodal disease.Methods: Total of 40 patients (20 in each arm) with stage 1- 4 squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with a performance status of 0-2 (ECOG) were included in the study. Arm A was altered fractionation schedule where in patients received 6 fractions per week to a total dose of 6600 cGy in 33 fractions. In Arm B, patients received conventional radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy three weekly Inj. of cisplatin (100 mg/m2). Patients were evaluated for acute toxicity every week using the Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. The response was assessed after 6 weeks and 12 weeks post treatment using the RECIST criteria. Data was statistically analyzed.Results: Seventeen patients in Arm A and 18 patients in Arm B completed the treatment. At the end of three months, In Arm A, 7 patients had complete response and in Arm B, 9 patients had complete response of the primary (p>0.05).  When the complete nodal response was compared in both the arms, there was no difference (2 vs 4 in Arm A vs Arm B resp.). But there were more partial nodal responders in Arm B (p = 0.016). The acute toxicities were comparable in both the arms.Conclusions: Altered fraction radiotherapy can be used in early lesions with minimal nodal burden but with locally advanced disease or large nodal burden addition of chemotherapy should not be avoided.

Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have nowbecome the leading cause of mortality in India. Acute coronarysyndrome (ACS) describes the range of myocardial ischemicstates that includes unstable angina, non-ST elevatedmyocardial infarction (MI), or ST-elevated MI. Hence; thepresent study was undertaken for assessing the prevalence ofsubclinical hypothyroidism of patients with acute coronarysyndrome.Materials & Methods: A total of 50 patients who wereadmitted due to acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in thepresent study. Blood samples were obtained and were sent tofor assessment of thyroid profile. Complete haematological andbiochemical profile of all the patients was also obtained. Forserum thyroid hormone profile was measured by Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be present in5 patients (10 percent of the patients). Non-significant resultswere obtained while correlating the presence of subclinicalhypothyroidism with age and gender-wise distribution ofpatients.Conclusion: Thyroid profile is altered significantly in patientswith acute coronary syndrome.

Subjective time under altered states of consciousness in ayahuasca users in shamanistic rituals involving music

Ayahuasca is described as a hallucinogenic substance whose property is to alter the subjective experience of time and impair the perception of the passage of time during stimuli of more than two to three seconds. The dose-dependent effects of two concentrations of ayahuasca in the ritualistic context were investigated employing temporal reproduction tasks in participants experienced in shamanistic ayahuasca rituals. The study was conducted on nine healthy volunteers who ingested two doses of ayahuasca at two times during a ritual session. The doses of each session, consumed in amounts ranging from 20 to 60 mL, were either of low concentration or of experimental ayahuasca according to a double-blind procedure. Participants performed the task of immediately listening and reproducing, with a laptop, 20-s musical stimuli during the session. The results showed that significant temporal distortion was triggered by the musical stimulus presented without the ingestion of ayahuasca, with means of 16.33 to 16.52 s. There were minor temporal distortions after ingestion of ayahuasca: a mean of 17.91 s for control ayahuasca and of 18.38 s for experimental ayahuasca. These results with less temporal distortion among participants with ayahuasca intake disagree with other studies of hallucinogens involving temporal reproduction.

Altered Passive Eruption: Periodontal Surgical Management of Two Cases

Introduction : Altered passive eruption is a condition inprominence rather than at the cementoenamel junction. It’s adevelopmental anomaly clinically associated with a gingivalsmile with short, square teeth. Difficult to detect, most of thesecases are often overlooked or misdiagnosedCase report: This work highlights the clinical presentationof altered passive eruption of two cases along with sequentialapproach for management of each condition. The follow-upwas 12 months.Conclusion: Altered passive eruption presents a greatchallenge for the practitioner with regards to both diagnosisand therapeutic management. The practitioner must make theright diagnosis, establish an appropriate treatment plan, anddiscuss the various therapeutic possibilities with the patient inorder to satisfy their esthetic request.

Oral manifestation in pre-renal transplant patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in Punjab

The incidence of renal failure is known to be increasing globally. Kidney transplant are considered the most efficient renal replacement therapy for a significant number of patients with end- stage renal disease. Renal failure can give rise to a large spectrum of oral manifestations, affecting overall health of patients with renal disease. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have a plethora of oral findings. The aim of this study was to study oral symptoms and lesions in pre-renal transplant patients. This prospective study was conducted over a 6-month period. A total of 80 individuals (40 pre renal transplant patients and 40 controls) were recruited. Each patient was interviewed individually using questionnaire about oral symptoms. Each patient was examined for oral lesions and documented. For Caries DMFT and for Gingivitis CPITN index was used. In both study and control group majority were males and majority were in age group 21-30 years. In study group knowledge of importance of oral hygiene was more. The most common symptoms were dry mouth (20%), altered taste (52.5%) and bleeding gums (42.5%). Study group showed significantly more oral changes than those in the control group. DMFT index was positive in 60% of study and 80% control group. CPITN index was equally positive (92.5%) in both study and control group. Mucosal pallor, suburral tongue, leukoplakia and hyperplastic gingivitis was seen in 27.5%, 10%, 10% and 2.5% respectively in the study group. Prevalence of oral lesions is significantly higher in renal patients. The potential source of active infective lesions in medically compromised patients with ESRD must be treated before transplant.

Prognostic factors of outcome in adults with non-traumatic altered mental status presenting to emergency department

Background: Altered mental status (AMS) is a common presentation in the emergency department (ED) and poses a significant challenge to the emergency physician (EP). The prognosis seems to depend upon many diverse factors, like etiology of AMS patient, clinical variables and various laboratory tests.Methods: The aim of the study was to determine outcome in patients presenting with new onset AMS to emergency department in our population. And further to look for various prognostic factors for death. Adult patients aged >14 years, not having dementia and with no history of trauma, presenting to ED with altered mental status were included in the study.Results: Out of 200 patients, 108 were male and 92 females. Patients having AMS because of poisoning, seizure, intracranial infection all had decreased mortality. Whereas patients having AMS because of stroke, infection, cardiovascular causes had significantly increased mortality. Season, sex, pH, SaO2, TLC, GCS, mean Bp. were associated with increased mortality in patients of AMS presenting to emergency department. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (chi square=39.3, p=0.000). The model predicted 26% of the variance in predicting death and correctly classified 74.6% of patients.Conclusions: The importance of being able to prognosticate AMS patients at outset in emergency is immense.Male sex, low mean BP, low GCS, low pH, low arterial SaO2, and high TLC were predictive of higher death rate in this cohort of patients presenting to emergency department

Clinical and investigational study for the aetiological evaluation of patients in nontraumatic altered sensorium and its outcome

Background: Apart from head injury many patients present to the tertiary care hospital in unconscious state, the etiology of which is obscure in most of the cases. The present study was conducted with on objective to provide insight into the clinical features and diagnostic methods to know the aetiology of patients with non-traumatic cases of altered sensorium and to study the outcome of these patients.Methods: This is an observational study on 100 patients of altered sensorium of non-traumatic origin during the period from October 2012 to September 2014 conducted in the Department of General Medicine, MKCG Medical College Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. All patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion exclusion criteria. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations like neuroimaging studies etc. were carried out. Statistical data analysis was done using Graph pad Prism 6 and Microsoft Excel. P value <0.0001 was considered statistically extremely significant.Results: Out of 100 patients of altered sensorium, 64 were males and 36 were females. All patients were in the age group of 19 to 89 years. Cerebrovascular accident was the most common aetiology of altered sensorium followed by metabolic encephalopathy and infection. Altered sensorium in patients with CVA carries a high mortality. Metabolic causes and younger age indicated a better prognosis, patients with low (Glasgow Coma Score) GCS score of 3 to 4 had poorer prognosis.Conclusions: The results suggest that clinical assessments yield accurate predictive information about the potential for recovery in cases of altered sensorium. So, this study concludes that empirically based estimates of prognosis in the neurologically severely ill provides great reassurance to those involved in a decision-making process, including patients’ families and physicians.