Emerging infection: streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS), Streptococcus agalactiae

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections are commonly associated with infections in neonates and pregnant women. However, there has been a rising incidence in nonpregnant adults. The risk of GBS infection in nonpregnant adults is increased for patients of advanced age and those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. We present a 77-year-old female with type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and bilateral foot ulcers that presented in probable septic shock with necrotic foot ulcers and necrotizing fasciitis and underwent bilateral lower limb amputations. The patient fulfilled the Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) criteria as defined by The Working Group on Severe Streptococcal Infections. These criteria were created for group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Our patient fulfilled the Working Group's criteria, except that the blood culture was positive for group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae). Numerous studies demonstrate the importance of early detection and antibiotic treatment for GBS infections in general and early surgical management for necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) such as necrotizing fasciitis.

Tumor de células gigantes malignizado: a propósito de un caso

Introducción: La rodilla es la región anatómica donde asientan la mayor cantidad de tumores benignos y malignos que afectan el esqueleto humano, entre ellos se encuentra el tumor de células gigantes. Objetivo: Conocer un paciente con un tumor de células gigantes que sufrió transformación maligna. Caso clínico: Paciente, masculino de 28 años de edad, blanco sin antecedentes mórbidos de salud, que acudió a la consulta externa de la especialidad de Ortopedia y Traumatología por presentar desde hace dos años una tumoración dolorosa a nivel de la rodilla que en los últimos dos meses ha aumentado de tamaño. Se realizaron exámenes imagenológicos mediante radiografía simple, tomografía axial computarizada e imagen de resonancia magnética, además de toma de biopsia incisional para confirmar el diagnóstico. Al analizar los resultados de los exámenes anteriores el equipo multidisciplinario decidió la amputación de la extremidad. Conclusiones: El tumor de células gigantes es una enfermedad que se presenta con mayor frecuencia desde la tercera a quinta décadas de la vida, sus complicaciones principales son la recidiva, las metástasis pulmonares y la transformación maligna. Por lo general, los enfermos con esta última complicación necesitan de procedimientos como la amputación de la extremidad.

Introduction: The knee is the anatomical region where the largest number of benign and malignant tumors that affect the human skeleton settle, among them is the giant cell tumor. Objective: To present a patient with a giant cell tumor that underwent malignant transformation. Clinical case: A 28-year-old white male with no morbid health history, who attended the Orthopedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic for presenting a tumor accompanied by pain at the level of the right knee. It appeared two years ago, but has increased in size rapidly in the last two months. Imaging tests were performed using plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as incisional biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. After analyzing the results of the previous examinations, the multidisciplinary team decided to amputate the limb. Conclusions: The giant cell tumor is an entity that occurs most frequently from the third to fifth decades of life; its main complications are recurrence, lung metastases and malignant transformation. In general, patients with this last complication need procedures such as amputation of the limb.

Proposed public policies to improve outcomes in vascular surgery: an experts' forum

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate outcomes of vascular surgeries and identify strategies to improve public vascular care. Methods This was a descriptive, qualitative, and cross-sectional survey involving 30 specialists of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein via Zoom. The outcomes of vascular procedures performed in the Public Health System extracted through Big Data analysis were discussed, and 53 potential strategies to improve public vascular care to improve public vascular care. Results There was a consensus on mandatory reporting of some key complications after complex arterial surgeries, such as stroke after carotid revascularization and amputations after lower limb revascularization. Participants agreed on the recommendation of screening for diabetic feet and infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. The use of Telemedicine as a tool for patient follow-up, auditing of centers for major arterial surgeries, and the concentration of complex arterial surgeries in reference centers were also points of consensus, as well as the need to reduce the values of endovascular materials. Regarding venous surgery, it was suggested that there should be incentives for simultaneous treatment of both limbs in cases of varicose veins of the lower limbs, in addition to the promotion of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the public system. Conclusion After discussing the data from the Brazilian Public System, proposals were defined for standardizing measures in population health care in the area of vascular surgery.

Demographic Profile And Surgical Outcome Of Various Types Of Lower Limb Amputations

Background- Amputations is one of the oldest surgery known to mankind.Knowledge on the current trends in amputation is necessary to devise effective preventive measures at community level and to reduce this devastating event. : - 1)To know the incidence of various types of lower-limb amputations in our hospital.2)ToAim And Objectives study the demographic pattern in lower limb amputations in our hospital.3)To know the various risk factors leading to lower limb amputations.4)To know the immediate postoperative complications associated with lower-limb amputations. MATERIALS AND METHODS-This study is a prospective observational study.All patients who have undergone lower limb amputation during 1 year period fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study.Main outcome measures were patient's age, gender, limb affected, indication for amputation, complications, reamputation rate,associated procedure performed, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Of the 96 patients who have underwent lowerResults- limb amputations,the mean age was 57.34 with male: female ratio 3:1.Hospital stay ranged from 3 days to 90days.The presence of comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus,Peripheral vascular disease and osteomyelitis were associated with an increased rate of complications postoperatively. The most common complication was stump infection , followed by phantom limb.10 patients died during the hospital stay. Sepsis with MODS was the main cause of death.Reamputation rate in this study was 5%. Diabetic foot and its complications is the leading cause of amputations.ThusConclusion- educating diabetics on proper foot care can prevent diabetic patients from ending up with amputations. Prevention is better than cure