Inflamação Coronária Avaliada pela Atenuação de Gordura Pericoronária na Tomografia Computadorizada e Elevação de Citocinas em Usuários Jovens de Esteroides Anabólicos Androgênicos / Coronary Inflammation by Computed Tomography Pericoronary Fat Attenuation and Increased Cytokines in Young Male Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Users

Resumo Fundamento O uso abusivo de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) tem sido associado à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A atenuação de gordura pericoronária (AGp) é um marcador de inflamação coronária, a qual exerce um papel chave no processo aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar AGp e perfil inflamatório em usuários de EAA. Método Vinte indivíduos que realizavam treinamento de força, usuários de EAA (UEAA), 20 não usuários de EAA (NUEAA), e 10 indivíduos sedentários controle (SC) foram avaliados. Inflamação coronária foi avaliada por atenuação de gordura pericoronária média (AGPm) artéria coronária direita (ACD), artéria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA) e artéria circunflexa (ACX). Interleucina (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, e TNF-alfa foram avaliados por densidade ótica (DO) em um espectrofotômetro com um filtro de 450 nm. Um p<0,05 indicou significância estatística. Resultados Os UEAA apresentaram maior AGPm na ACD [-65,87 (70,51-60,70) vs. -78,07 (83,66-72,87) vs.-78,46 (85,41-71,99] unidades Hounsfield (HU), respectivamente, p<0,001) e AGPm na ADA [-71,47 (76,40-66,610 vs. -79,32 (84,37-74,59) vs. -82,52 (88,44-75,81) HU, respectivamente, p=0,006) em comparação aos NUEAA e CS. A AGPm na ACX não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [-72,41 (77,17-70,37) vs. -80,13 (86,22-72,23) vs. -78,29 (80,63-72,29) HU, respectivamente, p=0,163). Em comparação aos NUEAA e aos CS, o grupo UEAA apresentaram maiores níveis de IL-1 [0,975 (0,847-1,250) vs. 0,437 (0,311-0,565) vs. 0,530 (0,402-0,780) DO, respectivamente, p=0,002), IL-6 [1,195 (0,947-1,405) vs. 0,427 (0,377-0,577) vs. 0,605 (0,332-0,950) DO, p=0,005) e IL-10 [1,145 (0,920-1,292) vs. 0,477 (0,382-0,591) vs. 0,340 (0,316-0,560) DO, p<0,001]. TNF-α não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [0,520 (0,250-0,610) vs. 0,377 (0.261-0,548) vs. 0,350 (0,182-430)]. Conclusão Em comparação aos NUEAA e controles, os UEAA apresentam maior AGPm e maior perfil de citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas, sugerindo que os EAA podem induzir aterosclerose por inflamação coronária e sistêmica.

Abstract Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pericoronary fat attenuation (pFA) is a marker of coronary inflammation, which is key in the atherosclerotic process. Objective To evaluate pFA and inflammatory profile in AAS users. Methods Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU), 20 AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were evaluated. Coronary inflammation was evaluated by mean pericoronary fat attenuation (mPFA) in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex (LCx). Interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were evaluated by optical density (OD) in a spectrophotometer with a 450 nm filter. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results AASU had higher mPFA in the RCA (-65.87 [70.51-60.70] vs. -78.07 [83.66-72.87] vs.-78.46 [85.41-71.99] Hounsfield Units (HU), respectively, p<0.001) and mPFA in the LAD (-71.47 [76.40-66.61] vs. -79.32 [84.37-74.59] vs. -82.52 [88.44-75.81] HU, respectively, p=0.006) compared with AASNU and SC. mPFA in the LCx was not different between AASU, AASNU, and SC (-72.41 [77.17-70.37] vs. -80.13 [86.22-72.23] vs. -78.29 [80.63-72.29] HU, respectively, p=0.163). AASU compared with AASNU and SC, had higher IL-1, (0.975 [0.847-1.250] vs. 0.437 [0.311-0.565] vs. 0.530 [0.402-0.780] OD, respectively, p=0.002), IL-6 (1.195 [0.947-1.405] vs. 0.427 [0.377-0.577] vs. 0.605 [0.332-0.950] OD, p=0.005) and IL-10 (1.145 [0.920-1.292] vs. 0.477 [0.382-0.591] vs. 0.340 [0.316-0.560] OD, p<0.001). TNF-α was not different between the AASU, AASNU, and SC groups (0.520 [0.250-0.610] vs. 0.377 [0.261-0.548] vs. 0.350 [0.182-430]), respectively. Conclusion Compared with ASSNU and controls, AASU have higher mPFA and higher systemic inflammatory cytokines profile suggesting that AAS may induce coronary atherosclerosis through coronary and systemic inflammation.

Is digit ratio (2D:4D) different between sexual and non-sexual offenders, and non-offending men: study of a Colombian sample / Existen diferencias en la ratio 2D:4D entre delincuentes sexuales y no sexuales, y hombres no delincuentes? Un estudio en una muestra colombiana

Abstract One research line in criminal behavior studies 2D:4D ratio as predictor of aggression and violent behavior has been established, given that there are sexually dimorphic behaviors associated with the influence of testosterone on brain organization. However, results have been mixed. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the 2D:4D ratio among offending and non-offending Colombian men in four groups (N = 139). A comparative study was conducted with three groups of offenders sentenced in a Colombian penitentiary: (1) sexual offenders against children (n = 34), (2) sexual offenders against adult women (n = 31), and (3) non-sexual violent offenders (n = 26); as well as one group (4) men with no criminal record (n = 48). The 2D:4D ratio was measured using the hand scanning technique and three digital measurements were analyzed with the Autometric software: right hand ratio, left hand ratio, and difference between the right and left hand ratios (Dr - Iz). Although, in all groups, right-digit ratio was lower that left-digit ratio (negative Dr-l ratio) and, in non-offending men this difference was not significant, no strong significant differences were found between groups in any measure of 2D:4D ratio used (right hand, left hand or Dr−l). The results support the idea that these associations are too weak to consider them predictors of sexual or non-sexual criminal behavior. The risk factors determining sexual or non-sexual criminal behavior, seems to go beyond intra-uterine effects and involve complex interactions between heritability, epigenetics, and pre-natal and post-natal life events.

Resumen Una de las líneas de investigación de la conducta criminal estudia la relación 2D:4D como predictor de agresión y comportamiento violento, dada la conexión de este marcador biológico con la influencia de la testosterona en la organización del cerebro y los comportamientos sexualmente dimórficos más prevalentes en hombres. Los resultados han sido mixtos y, en general, se han encontrado tamaños de efecto débiles, aunque significativos, en la relación entre proporción 2D:4D y el comportamiento agresivo, con escasos estudios comparativos y con muestras forenses. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las diferencias en la relación 2D:4D entre hombres colombianos (N = 139) con y sin delitos en cuatro grupos. Para ello, .e realizó un estudio comparativo con tres grupos de delincuentes condenados en una cárcel de Colombia: (1) agresores sexuales de menores (n = 34); (2) agresores sexuales de mujeres adultas (n = 31); (3) delincuentes violentos no sexuales (n = 26), y uno de (4) hombres sin antecedentes delictivos (n = 48). Se midió la proporción 2D:4D usando la técnica de escaneo de las manos y se analizaron tres medidas digitales con el software Autometric: proporción de la mano derecha, mano izquierda y diferencia entre la proporción de las manos derecha e izquierda (Dr - Iz). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la diferencia de la proporción Dr-Iz en todos los grupos, en la que la 2D:4D de la mano derecha fue menor que la de la mano izquierda en todos los grupos. Sólo en los hombres sin antecedentes delictivos esta diferencia no fue significativa. Para evaluar las diferencias grupales en las relaciones 2D:4D, se ajustaron modelos tipo a ANOVA unidireccional con un solo grupo como predictor, seguidos de contrastes de Helmert para comparar las diferencias entre todos los grupos. El grupo predijo sólo la diferencia de las proporciones Dr - Iz, pero no las proporciones de la mano derecha o izquierda por separado. El grupo de hombres sin antecedentes delictivos, mostró una proporción 2D:4D de la mano izquierda significativamente menor (masculinizada) y una menor diferencia (más cercana a cero) entre las proporciones Dr-Iz comparado con los grupos de delincuentes. Sin embargo, los contrastes con cada grupo, mostraron que la diferencia sólo fue significativa con el grupo de delincuentes violentos no sexuales, pero no con los grupos de agresores sexuales. Se concluyó que no hubo diferencias significativas importantes y concluyentes entre los grupos en ninguna medida de la proporción 2D:4D utilizada (mano derecha, mano izquierda o Dr − Iz). Estos resultados respaldan la idea de que estas asociaciones son demasiado débiles para considerarlas predictores de conductas criminales sexuales o no sexuales. Los factores de riesgo que determinan el comportamiento delictivo sexual o no sexual parecen ir más allá de los efectos intrauterinos reflejados por el biomarcador 2D:4D y, posiblemente, involucrar interacciones complejas entre heredabilidad, epigenética y eventos de la vida prenatal y postnatal. Si la relación 2D:4D es un marcador indirecto válido y confiable de androgenización prenatal, no es algo que se pueda discutir con los datos aquí obtenidos. Sin embargo, si tiene más que un simple efecto detectado por casualidad en el comportamiento delictivo, esto también debería explorarse más a fondo no sólo en la mano derecha, como la mayoría de la investigación disponible lo ha hecho, sino en la mano izquierda y en la diferencia entre las proporciones 2D:4D Dr-Iz, para evaluar si su poder explicativo se mantiene bajo como hasta ahora o incluso inexistente.

Influencing factors of clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the influencing factors of clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. 【Methods】 From January, 2019 to December, 2021, 151 outpatients with androgenetic alopecia were treated in our hospital. All patients were treated with autologous PRP injection once a month and planned to received injection for 4-6 occasions. According to the hair growth before and after treatment, the treatment results were evaluated. The influencing factors in the treatment results were grouped and analyzed, including the treatment numbers (divided into 1-6 occasions), the grade of alopecia(three grades: mild, moderate and severe alopecia) and the Plt concentration in PRP[five grades(×109/L): extremely low concentration (<800), low concentration (801-1 000) and medium concentration (1 001-1 200), high concentration(1 201-1 500)and extremely high concentration(>1 501)]. 【Results】 The correlation coefficient between the number of treatments and the effective rate was pearson=0.986, P<0.001, showing a positive correlation. There was a statistical difference in the total number of treatments between groups (P<0.01). As to the severity of alopecia: The effective rates of mild and moderate alopecia patients (66.67%, 56.95%) were higher than those of severe alopecia patients (35%). The difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). As to the concentration of Plt in PRP: The concentration of Plt directly affected the therapeutic effect. When the Plt count was (1 200-1 500)×109/L, the effect was optimal, reaching 68.12%, which was significantly higher than the other four groups(P<0.01). The treatment numbers, alopecia grade and Plt concentration in PRP were all related to the effectiveness of treatment (P<0.05). When the OR value of treatment numbers and Plt concentration was >1, the effective rate increased by 2.619 times and 2.033 times, respectively, as treatment numbers and Plt concentration increased. When the OR value of the grade of alopecia was 0.338 (0<0.338<1), the effective rate decreased with the increase of alopecia severity; For each grade increased, the effective rate would be compromised by 0.338. 【Conclusion】 When PRP is applied to treat AGA patients, the clinical therapeutic effect will be better in patients who received more treatments, PRP with higher Plt count, and be in the early degree of hair loss. Whether the higher the concentration of Plt in PRP, the better the therapeutic effect will be, remains to be further verified.

Detecção de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos e seus produtos de biotransformação em dried urine spots por ionização por paper spray acoplada à espectrometria de massas (PS-MS) / Detection of anabolic androgenic steroids and its biotransformation products in dried urine spots by paper spray-mass spectrometry ionization (PS-MS)

Os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) são utilizados clinicamente para tratar diferentes doenças, porém propagou-se o uso não terapêutico por atletas de elite e fisiculturistas, com o intuito de aumentar a massa muscular e melhorar o desempenho físico. O uso de substâncias ergogênicas, como fármacos estimulantes e narcóticos analgésicos no esporte, foi proibido em 1967 pelo International Olympic Committee (COI), mas somente em 1976 os EAA entraram para a lista de substâncias proibidas. O uso de EAA está associado a diversos efeitos adversos, principalmente cardiovasculares, neuroendócrinos e distúrbios psiquiátricos, além de dislipidemia, elevação dos marcadores inflamatórios e disfunção endotelial. As análises toxicológicas constam como a maneira mais eficaz de minimizar o doping no esporte. O material é fornecido pelo atleta durante as competições ou treinamentos e previne que os competidores alcancem vantagem competitiva devido ao uso de EAA. A utilização de métodos para amostragem alternativos tem ganhado força, devido à necessidade de técnicas mais práticas que utilizam pouco volume de amostra e possuem facilidade de armazenamento. O dried urine spots é um método no qual pequenas amostras de urina são aplicadas em papéis de filtro para análises qualitativas ou quantitativas. Ele se caracteriza por ser uma técnica rápida, fácil, simples e barata para a coleta, armazenamento e distribuição, além de minimizar os riscos de infecção, podendo ser utilizado na rotina. A técnica de paper spray (PS-MS) foi desenvolvida a partir da relevância de métodos como o dried blood spots por proporcionar análises mais rápidas, apresenta alta especificidade, capacidade de analisar diferentes analitos simultaneamente, baixo limite de detecção e dispensa a necessidade de reagentes específicos. Sendo assim, neste trabalho foi desenvolvido e validado o método de screening de EAAs em dried urine spots por ionização por paper spray acoplada à espectrometria de massas. O método apresentou limites de detecção entre 2-15ng/mL e presença de três interferentes endógenos. Os dez analitos de interesse deste estudo são estáveis por 150 dias em temperatura ambiente. Dessa forma, a análise de EAAs em dried urine spots por PS-MS demonstra grande potencial para se tornar um método alternativo no monitoramento rápido de drogas de abuso

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used clinically to treat different diseases, but non-therapeutic use has spread among elite athletes and bodybuilders, with the aim of increase muscle mass and improve physical performance. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) banned the use of ergogenic substances, such as stimulating drugs and analgesic narcotics in sports, in 1967, but only in 1976, AAS were included on the list of prohibited substances. The use of AAS is associated with several adverse effects, mainly cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and psychiatric disorders, in addition to dyslipidemia, elevated inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction. Toxicological analyzes are the most effective approach to minimize doping in sport. The material is provided by the athlete during competitions or training and prevents competitors from achieving a competitive advantage due to the use of AAs. The use of alternative sampling methods has gained strength, due to the need for more practical techniques that use low sample volume and can be easily storage. Dried urine spots are a method, which a small amount of urine samples is applied to filter papers for qualitative or quantitative analysis. It is characterized by being a fast, easy, simple and inexpensive technique for collection, storage and distribution, in addition to minimizing the risks of infection, and can be used in the routine. The paper spray technique (PS-MS) was developed based on the relevance of methods such as dried blood spots for providing faster analysis, high specificity, ability to analyze different analytes simultaneously, low detection limit and for eliminating the need for specific reagents. Therefore, this work developed and validated a screening method for AAS in dried urine spots by paper spray-mass spectrometry ionization. The method provided detection limits between 2-15ng/mL and the presence of three endogenous interferents. The ten analytes of interest in this study are stable for 150 days at room temperature. Thus, the analysis of AAS in dried urine spots by PS-MS demonstrates great potential to become an alternative method for the rapid monitoring of drugs of abuse

Polycythemia: a mystery solved by history

Testosterone is responsible for increased muscle mass. Leaner body mass helps control weight and increases energy. High levels of testosterone help build muscles and also stimulate growth in strength. Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) are drugs that are structurally related to the cyclic steroid rings system and have similar effects to testosterone in the body. Athletes who abuse steroids do so for muscle growth and quick recovery. Testosterone - whether it's injected, applied via a patch or cream, or taken orally - allows athletes to rapidly increase muscle mass beyond their usual capacity, and also reduces their recovery time which allows them to train continuously with little need to rest their bodies in between workouts. Physiologically, erythrocytosis is defined by an erythrocyte mass that exceeds 125% of that predicted for sex and body mass. Much of the concern with the use of testosterone involves increase in blood viscosity, resulting from increased red blood cell mass causing a potential increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). We report a case of secondary polycythemia related to testosterone therapy.

Androgenic alopecia in post-menopausal female: a clinical presentation

Androgenic alopecia is a patterned hair loss occurring due to systemic androgens and genetic factors. It is the most common cause of hair loss in both genders. The appearance of this condition is the cause of significant stress and psychological problems, making appropriate management important. A 68-year-old postmenopausal female presented with complaints of increased hair loss from scalp, excessive hair growth at undesired sites and hirsutism not corrected with medications. On thorough investigations, CT scan whole abdomen and endocrinological workup, a clinical diagnosis of alopecia and hirsutism due to hyperandrogenemia secondary to ovarian tumor made. Abdominal hysterectomy with B/L salpingo-oophorectomy was done. Histopathological examination revealed an encapsulated tumor in right ovary-sex cord stromal tumor consistent with Leydig cell tumor in right ovary, no evidence of malignancy. Left ovary was normal. Patient showed significant regression of clinical signs and symptoms on follow up after 1 month. All women with severe hirsutism or androgenic alopecia needs further work up to locate the source of androgen over production.

Improvement of anther cultures conditions using the Taguchi method in three cereal crops

Background: Plant tissue cultures have the potential to reprogram the development of microspores from normal gametophytic to sporophytic pathway resulting in the formation of androgenic embryos. The efficiency of this process depends on the genotype, media composition and external conditions. However, this process frequently results in the regeneration of albino instead of green plants. Successful regeneration of green plants is affected by the concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) and the length of induction step. In this study, we aimed at concurrent optimization of these three factors in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and triticale (x Triticosecale spp. Wittmack ex A. Camus 1927) using the Taguchi method. We evaluated uniform donor plants under varying experimental conditions of in vitro anther culture using the Taguchi approach, and verified the optimized conditions. Results: Optimization of the regeneration conditions resulted in an increase in the number of green regenerants compared with the control. Statistic Taguchi method for optimization of the in vitro tissue culture plant regeneration via anther cultures allowed reduction of the number of experimental designs from 27 needed if full factorial analysis is used to 9. With the increase in the number of green regenerants, the number of spontaneous doubled haploids decreased. Moreover, in barley and triticale, the number of albino regenerants was reduced. Conclusion: The statistic Taguchi approach could be successfully used for various factors (here components of induction media, time of incubation on induction media) at a one time, that may impact on cereals anther cultures to improve the regeneration efficiency

Finasteride promotes worsening of the cardiac deleterious effects of nandrolone decanoate and protects against genotoxic and cytotoxic damage

Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids is important for its physiological effects. The aim was to investigate the effects of finasteride (a 5α-reductase inhibitor - 5αR) on cardiac and mutagenic effects promoted by ND. Male Wistar rats were separated into three groups: CONT, received the vehicles of ND and finasteride (Peanut oil+Saline); DECA group, received ND (20 mg.kg.week-1, i.m.), and DECAF received ND and finasteride (100 µg.kg-1, i.p.), for four weeks. After, hypertrophy, cytokines and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) activity was determined in heart. Bone marrow was used for micronucleus evaluation. Treatment with ND promotes increase in cardiac hypertrophy, ACE activity and disbalance among pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and combination with finasteride worsened those effects. Association with finasteride ameliorates the toxic effects of ND on bone marrow cells, as was observed by a normalization of the number of micronucleate polychromatic erythrocytes and the mitotic index. Our data demonstrates that deleterious effects promoted by ND are depend, at least in part, of its metabolization. Also, inhibition of 5αR by finasteride present variated effects dependent on organ studied. It can promote increase on cardiac damage and a reduction on mutagenic effects of ND, which demonstrated that dehydronandrolone has diverse role on ND effects..

RE-ORGA, a Korean Herb Extract, Can Prevent Hair Loss Induced by Dihydrotestosterone in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

BACKGROUND: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss. It is likely inherited genetically and is promoted by dihydrotestosterone. 5α-reductase has been proven a good target through finasteride use. However, the pathogenesis of AGA cannot be fully explained based only on dihydrotestosterone levels. OBJECTIVE: To identify similar hairloss inhibition activity of RE-ORGA with mode of action other than finasteride. METHODS: We prepared RE-ORGA from Korean herb mixtures. We performed MTT assays for cytotoxicity, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays for cell proliferation, and western blot to identify expression levels of 5α-reductase and Bax. RNA-sequencing was performed for the expression patterns of genes in dihydrotestosterone-activated pathways. Anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6. RESULTS: REORGA could promote the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and showed low cytotoxicity. It also inhibited the expression of 5α-reductases and Bax in the cells. RNA-sequencing results verified that the mRNA expressions of SRD5A1, Bax, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β1 induced transcript 1 (TGFβ1I1) were decreased, whereas expression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2β) was more elevated. REORGA also showed anti-inflammatory activity through decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α. CONCLUSION: Transcriptionally, up-regulation of PTK2β and concomitant down-regulation of TGFβ1I1 imply that RE-ORGA can modulate androgen receptor sensitivity, decreasing the expression of 5α-reductase type II and Bax together with TGF-β1 transcripts; RE-ORGA also showed partial anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, RE-ORGA is expected to alleviate hair loss by regulating 5α-reductase activity and the receptor's androgen sensitivity.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids and cardiovascular risk / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Objective@#Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) represents a group of synthetic testosterone derivatives that play an important role in clinical treatment. These drugs are widely abused among the general public to increase lean weight and improve athletic performance. It has been reported that AAS use can produce many adverse effects, especially the occurrence of cardiovascular risk. Although there are many related studies, there has been no consensus on AAS use and cardiovascular risk. The present study was to review the effect of AAS on the cardiovascular system.@*Data sources@#The data in this review were obtained from articles included in PubMed and the National Center for Biotechnology Information database.@*Study selection@#Original articles, case reports, and systematic reviews about AAS were selected for the article.@*Results@#The use/abuse of AAS is correlated with higher cardiovascular risks, and many AAS users/abusers had cardiovascular diseases. However, there are many confounding factors in the studies that explored the causality between AAS intake and disease development, and additional studies are required to determine AAS toxicity.@*Conclusion@#AAS produces toxic effects on the cardiovascular system, and it is necessary to ensure that more people know this about AAS, including medical personnel.

Hepatotoxicidad por esteroides anabólicos androgénicos, reporte de 2 casos en Uruguay / Hepatotoxicity induced by anabolic-androgenic steroids, 2 cases report in Uruguay / Hepatotoxicidade por anabolizantes esteróides androgênicos, relato de 2 casos no Uruguai

El consumo ilícito de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos con fines estéticos ha aumentado en los últimos años y, aunque raro, es causa de hepatotoxicidad. Los casos con daño hepatocelular son más frecuentes, pero los colestásicos son más graves y pueden asociarse a falla renal. Salvo por la suspensión del fármaco, la hepatotoxicidad por anabólicos no tiene tratamiento específico. Se describe y discuten las historias clínicas de dos hombres jóvenes, deportistas aficionados que consultaron por ictericia y presentaron colestasis e insuficiencia renal. El reporte de casos, en patologías poco frecuentes, resulta fundamental para difundir y ampliar la información que ayude al clínico a considerar con firmeza este diagnóstico, incluso ante la falta de reconocimiento inicial del consumo por parte del paciente.

Illicit consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids for aesthetic purposes has increased in recent years. Hepatocellular damage is more frequent, but cholestasis is more dangerous and may be associated with renal failure. The clinical records of two young men, amateur athletes who consulted for jaundice in the last year and denied its consumption at the beginning, are described. Except for the drug interruption, hepatotoxicity by anabolics has no specific treatment. Usually presented as cholestatic liver disease and renal failure, case reports are fundamental to characterize its clinical-evolutionary presentation. This may also allow clinicians to firmly consider diagnosis even when the patient denies consumption.

O uso ilícito de esteróides androgênicos anabólicos para fins estéticos tem aumentado nos últimos anos e, apesar de raro, é causa de hepatotoxicidade. Casos com dano hepatocelular são mais freqüentes, mas colestesia é mais grave e pode estar associada à insuficiência renal. Com exceção da suspensão do medicamento, a hepatotoxicidade anabólica não possui tratamento específico. As histórias clínicas de dois homens jovens, atletas amadores que consultaram para icterícia e apresentaram colestase e insuficiência renal, são descritos e discutidos. O relato de casos, em patologias pouco freqüentes, é fundamental para disseminar e ampliar as informações que auxiliam o clínico a considerar com firmeza esse diagnóstico antes mesmo do não reconhecimento inicial do consumo pelo paciente.

El pelo: generalidades y enfermedades más comunes / Hair: its generalities and most common diseases

Resumen Las patologías del pelo reciben poca atención durante la formación del médico general, pero al tener alta prevalencia en la práctica clínica es importante considerar los principios básicos del crecimiento del pelo y las patologías más comunes que lo afectan, para llegar a un diagnóstico y un tratamiento correcto en cada situación.

Abstract Hair pathology is often overlooked during undergraduate medical training, however because of its high prevalence in the clinical practice it is important to know the basic principles of hair growth and the most frequent pathologies that afflict this structure and how to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment for each patient.

Paro cardiaco repentino atribuido a miocardiopatía hipertrófica por uso de esteroides anabólicos. Reporte de caso / Sudden cardiac arrest attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by use of anabolic steroids. Case report / Parada cardíaca súbita atribuída a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica pelo uso de esteróides anabolizantes. Informe de um caso

Resumen: La miocardiopatía hipertrófica se caracteriza por hipertrofia asimétrica y no dilatada del ventrículo izquierdo, la muerte súbita es probablemente consecuencia de alteraciones eléctricas impredecibles del miocardio que producen arritmias letales. Las miocardiopatías se definen por la existencia de anomalías estructurales y funcionales del ventrículo izquierdo que no pueden explicarse por enfermedad coronaria o por condiciones de carga anómalas, lo que causa un aumento del grosor de la pared del ventrículo izquierdo. En este grupo de enfermedades existen causas genéticas y no genéticas, dentro de éstas se describen las asociadas al uso de fármacos incluidos los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos. Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos se utilizan para promover el incremento de masa muscular para mejorar el desempeño de los atletas, esto ha llevado al uso y abuso de estos productos en atletas profesionales y recreacionales. El uso crónico en dosis suprafisiológicas en esta población se asocia a diversas manifestaciones cardiovasculares como miocardiopatía hipertrófica, esta asociación entre el uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos y la hipertrofia cardiaca quedó demostrada en un estudio por hallazgos patológicos en usuarios de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos fallecidos.1 El objetivo de esta comunicación es reportar un caso clínico inusual en nuestro ámbito hospitalario de un paciente con uso crónico de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos y miocardiopatía hipertrófica.

Abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by asymmetric and non-dilated left ventricle hypertrophy, sudden death is probably a consequence of unpredictable myocardial electrical disturbances that produce lethal arrhythmias. Cardiomyopathies are defined by the existence of structural and functional abnormalities of the left ventricle that can not be explained by coronary disease or abnormal load conditions causing the increased thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, within this diseases group exists genetic and nongenetic causes, these are described associated drugs including the use of anabolic androgenic steroids. Anabolic androgenic steroids are used to promote increased muscle mass, to improve the performance of athletes, this has led to the use and abuse of these products in professional and recreational athletes, chronic use in supraphysiological dose in this population is attaches a several cardiovascular manifestations as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, this association between the use of anabolic androgenic steroids and cardiac hypertrophy has been shown in a study by pathological findings in ASS users deceased.1 The purpose of this communication is to report an unusual case in our hospital of a patient with chronic use of anabolic androgenic steroids and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Resumo: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica é caracterizada por hipertrofia assimétrica e não-dilatada do ventrículo esquerdo, a morte súbita é provavelmente devido a alterações elétricas imprevisíveis do miocárdio que produzem arritmias letais. As cardiomiopatias são definidas pela existência de anomalias estruturais e funcionais do ventrículo esquerdo que não pode ser explicado por doenças coronárias ou condições de cargas anormais que provocam um aumento na espessura da parede ventricular esquerda, dentro deste grupo de doenças existem causas genéticas e não genéticas, dentro destas se descrevem as que estão associadas com o uso de medicamentos, incluindo os esteróides anabólico-androgênicos. Os esteróides anabólico-androgênicos são usados para promover o aumento da massa muscular para melhorar o desempenho dos atletas, o que levou ao uso e abuso desses produtos em atletas profissionais e amadores, o uso crônico em doses suprafisiológicas nesta população está associado a vários eventos cardiovasculares, tais como cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, esta associação entre o uso de esteróides anabólico-androgênicos e hipertrofia cardíaca foi demonstrado em um estudo por um descubrimento patológico em usuários de esteróides anabólico-andrôgenicos falecidos.1 O objetivo do presente informe é relatar um caso clínico incomum em nosso hospital de um paciente com o uso crônico de esteróides anabólico-androgênicos e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica.

An Innovative Scalp-Dyeing Technique with Gentian Violet Solution During Follicular Unit Extraction for White-Haired Follicular Units

There exist some restrictions and difficulties in performing follicular unit extraction (FUE) in white-haired patients, for several reasons. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for visualizing white hair during the punching procedure and graft preparation in FUE for white-haired patients. In white-haired older male patients, we dyed the surrounding scalp skin purple with a gentian violet solution-stained toothpick. Our method has several advantages: surgeons can easily focus on the center of the follicular unit and rapidly perform punching, they can recognize the condition of the harvested follicular units during FUE, and the hair transplant team can secure a clear view for trimming and loading into the implanter. We suggest that scalp dyeing in difficult FUE procedures, especially in patients with white hair, may be a simple method that provides a good visualization for donor site harvesting and for microdissection.

Acne Conglobata Induced by Anabolic Androgenic Steroids / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Metabolic syndrome in androgenic alopecia.

Background: Androgenic alopecia has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in various studies. The relationship between androgenic alopecia and metabolic syndrome, a known risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is still poorly understood. Aim: To study the association between metabolic syndrome and early-onset androgenic alopecia. Methods: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was done on men in the age group of 18–55 years. Eighty fi ve clinically diagnosed cases with early-onset (<35 years) androgenic alopecia of Norwood grade III or above, and 85 controls without androgenic alopecia were included. Data collected included anthropometric measurements, arterial blood pressure and history of chronic diseases. Fasting blood and lipid profi le were determined. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed as per the new International Diabetes Federation criteria. Chi-square and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.00. Results: Metabolic syndrome was seen in 19 (22.4%) patients with androgenic alopecia and 8 (9.4%) controls (P = 0.021). Abdominal obesity, hypertension and lowered high-density lipoprotein were signifi cantly higher in patients with androgenic alopecia versus their respective controls. Limitations: The limitations of our study include small sample size in subgroups and the lack of evidence of a temporal relationship between metabolic syndrome and androgenic alopecia. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome is seen in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia. Early screening for metabolic syndrome and its components is benefi cial in patients with early-onset androgenic alopecia.

Alopecia.

To understand the causes of hair loss and to treat it by preventing the causative factors and with the help of homoeopathic remedies.

Impact of chronic administration of anabolic androgenic steroids and taurine on blood pressure in rats

Supraphysiological administration of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to increased blood pressure. The widely distributed amino acid taurine seems to be an effective depressor agent in drug-induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of chronic high dose administration of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) and taurine on blood pressure in rats and to verify the potentially involved mechanisms. The study was conducted in 4 groups of 8 adult male Wistar rats, aged 14 weeks, treated for 12 weeks with: DECA (A group); vehicle (C group); taurine (T group), or with both drugs (AT group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at the beginning of the study (SBP1), 2 (SBP2) and 3 months (SBP3) later. Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma end products of nitric oxide metabolism (NOx) were also determined. SBP3 and SBP2 were significantly increased compared to SBP1 only in the A group (P<0.002 for both). SBP2, SBP3 and ACE activity showed a statistically significant increase in the A vs C (P<0.005), andvs AT groups (P<0.05), while NOx was significantly decreased in the A and AT groups vs controls (P=0.01). ACE activity was strongly correlated with SBP3 in the A group (r=0.71, P=0.04). These findings suggest that oral supplementation of taurine may prevent the increase in SBP induced by DECA, an effect potentially mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Evaluation of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cissampelos mucronata on Testicular Function Indices in Wistar Rats.

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Cissampelos mucronata on testicular function indices in male wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). Methodology: A total of 20 rats, grouped into four, with a group consisting of five rats were used for the study. The groups were a control administered 1.0 mL of distilled water and three other groups that were respectively administered - 1.0 mL of 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg body weight of the plant extract. The different groups were administered plant extract orally for 14 days, using metal oropharyngeal cannula. Results: The results revealed a significant increase (P <0.05) in body weight, testes-body weight ratio, cholesterol and glycogen concentrations at all the doses except at 1200 mg/kg body weight of the animals where decreased glycogen level was observed. There was also significant decrease (P <0.05) in the concentrations of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and total testicular protein especially in rats administered with 1200 mg/kg body weight of extract while there was no significant change in the activities of gamma glutamyl transferase. Serum testosterone concentration was observed to decrease significantly (P <0.05) only in the rats administered with 300 mg/kg body weight of extract. Conclusion: The results indicate anti-androgenic and anti-steroidogenic activities of Cissampelos mucronata aqueous leaf extract on males.

Fully Automated Determination of Four Androgenic Hormones in Serum by Online Turbulent Flow Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A novel method was developed for the direct analysis of testosterone, androstenedione, methyltestosterone and methenolone in serum samples by fully automated online turbulent flow solid phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An aliquot of 50 μL serum sample was preconcentrated directly on a Turboflow SPE column after centrifugation. Turboflow SPE C18-P could be used to remove serum matrix effectively. The optimum loading flow rate and elution time were 4. 0 mL/min and 1. 0 min, respectively. The linearity ranges were from 1. 0 μg/L to 100. 0 μg/L for four target compounds. The method limits of detection ( LODs) were in the range of 0. 2-0. 3 μg/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 2. 9% to 14. 1% (n=5). The time for one sample analysis including extraction, separation and determination was 32 min. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the analysis of serum samples.